Morals of the Church
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Front matter — Rickaby, Moral Philosophy

Index

¶1.
  • Aggregation theory of civil power, 212, 307—8.
  • Altruism, 181—2.
  • Altum dominium, 293.
  • Anger, 61—4; differs from hatred, 63.
  • Appetite in the modern sense, 49; in the scholastic sense, 85—6; appetite and desire, 50—1.
  • Archetype Ideas, 114.
  • Aristotle, imperfect as a moral philosopher, pref. vi—ix; on happiness, 9, 10, 291; on the passions, 43; on the mean of virtue, 79; on death, 94; his Magnanimous Man, 98—101; distinguishes chastisement from vengeance, 171; virtue from art, 184; on property, 279; defines a State, a citizen, a polity, 310, 312; on the State's need to punish, 343—4.
  • Atheism, effects of social and political, 364—7.
  • Autocentric and heterocentric, 204—5, 248, 349.
  • Bain, Alexander, on content, 15; on punishability, 118.
  • Beatific vision, 24.
  • Capital Punishment, 308, 346—9; not inconsistent with God's dominion over life, nor with the personality (autocentric) of man, 349; power of (right of the sword), the distinguishing mark of sovereignty, 308, 347; sole instance of rightful direct killing, 353, cf. 349, 350.
  • Charity, 237—244; to enemies, 240—3; obligation of, how differing from justice, 243—4.
  • Church and State, elementary philosophy of, 354—7.
  • Circumstances of act, 33—5; distinguished from means, 34, 205—7.
  • Civil authority, of God, 316—8, 325; binds the conscience, 360—1; latent or free, 324; various distributions of, 319—321; not tied to any one polity, 325—334; when rightfully resisted, 340—2.
  • Comfort, no specific against crime, 52—3.
  • Communism, 278—283.
  • Conscience, natural law of, 133—5; defined, 135—6; erroneous conscience, 136—7; requires educating, 142—6; Conscience and the State, 368—9.
  • Contemplation, essence of happiness, 22—5.
  • Contracts, 253—4.
  • Delight, or pleasure, quality of, 54—8; 180—1; said to perfect activity, 56; not happiness, 61, 181.
  • Democracy, may be tyrannical, 321—2; not the sole valid polity, sheer democracy difficult to work, 329—334; original and residual polity, 335—6; no special sanctity attaching to democracy, 342.
  • Deontology, pref. viii. 1, 2, 109 sq.
  • Desire, physical and psychical, 49—53.
  • Direct and indirect (or incidental) defined, 203—5, cf. 31 sq.
  • Divorce, 274—7.
  • Duelling, essential wrong of, 222—4.
  • Dumb animals, our relations with, 248—251.
  • Duty, matter not of mere goodness, but of law, 115 sq.; duties of justice, correlative of a right, 246—7; duties negative and positive, 247.
  • Education, the State's part in, 358—9.
  • End in view, 3—5, 31—9; end does not justify means, 32, 136—8, 207—8; itself limitless, sets a limit to the means, 15, 51, 78, 83.
  • English monarchy, 326.
  • Ethics, strict view of, pref. vi. vii. 1, 2.
  • Evil, none essential and positive in human nature, 170—1.
  • Fear, as an excuse, 30—1.
  • Food and fiddling, when better than philosophy, 58, cf. 47, 59.
  • Fortitude, 94—7.
  • Francis of Assisi, St. 100—1.
  • General consequences, principle of, 178—9, 214—5.
  • God, transcends created being, 23—4; object of human happiness, 24—5; God and possibilities, 114; cannot but enforce morality, 120—2; how entering into Moral Philosophy, 123—5, cf. pref. vii. viii.; does not dispense from the natural law, 149, 150, 273; punishes sin, 174—6; twofold worship of, 191—6; God beyond the sphere of utilities, 195—6; duty of knowing Him, 200—1; why He cannot lie, 228—9; no God, no sin, 119, 125, 364.
  • Greek taste, 81—2.
  • Grotius and Milton, on lying, 230—1.
  • Habit, defined, 64; acquired by acts, 66—7; a living thing, needs exercise, 67; habit and custom, 67—8; man a creature of habits, 68—9; habits remain in the departed soul, 162—3.
  • Happiness, defined, 6—12; open to man, 13—20; final in contemplation of God, 21—6; other than contentment, 15; desired without limit, 51—2; not pleasure, 61.
  • Hatred and anger, 63—4.
  • Hedonism, 180—1.
  • Hobbes, his Leviathan, 297—307.
  • Honour and reputation, 251—3.
  • Horace, his phrase, aurea mediocritas, 80.
  • Human act, 1, 27 sq., 110; outward and inward, one, 40.
  • Humility, 92—3.
  • Hypnotism, 199.
  • Ignorance, as an excuse, 27—9.
  • Integrity, state of, 49.
  • Intellectual error, sometimes voluntary, 28; in that case not mere intellectual error, 75—6, 113.
  • Jurisdiction, differs from dominion, 128—9.
  • Justice, always relative to another, 102—3; legal (or general), distributive, commutative (corrective), 103—8; justice and charity differ, 108.
  • Kant, his Categorical Imperative, 116—8.
  • Killing, direct and indirect, 202—8; indirect in self-defence, 208—211; and in war, 352—3; direct only in capital punishment, 353, cf. 349, 350.
¶2.
  • Knowledge of God, obligatory, 200—1.
  • Labour, qualitative as well as quantitative, 288; capital not simply an embodiment of labour, 286—7.
  • Land, a raw material, nationalisation of, 292—6.
  • Law, defined, 126—8; the Eternal Law, 128—130; irresistible and yet resisted, 130—2, 174—6; extends to all agents, rational and irrational, 129—132; co-eternal with, yet not necessary as God, 129; laws of physical nature, 131—2; law of conscience, 133—5; fundamental laws of a state, 323—4, 362; civil law, necessary complement of natural law, 359, 360; civil law, how binding in conscience, 360—1; the King, legibus solutus, how far, 361—2; law and liberty, 363.
  • Lay mind, 202.
  • Liberty, the meshes of the net of law, 363; liberty of opinion and the press, 364—370.
  • Locke, on the state of nature, 309.
  • Lying, definition of, 224—5; intention to deceive, no part of the definition, 225; intrinsically and always wrong, 225—231; why God cannot lie, 228—9; not against commutative justice, 230—1; mental reservation not in every case a lie, 233—7.
  • Magnanimous man, 98—101.
  • Magnificence, 97—8.
  • Marriage, duty of the race, not of the individual, 264—6; two goods of marriage, 267—270; unity, 270—4; indissolubility, 274—7.
  • Material and formal, 33, 225.
  • Marx, Karl, 286.
  • Means to end, truly willed, 32; four sorts of, 36; how far and how not sanctified by the end, 32, 36—8; distinguished from circumstances, 34, 205—7; limited by the end, 15, 51, 78.
  • Meekness and clemency, 93.
  • Mental reservation, not in every case a lie, 233—7.
  • Mill, John, confounds self-defence with vengeance, 170—213; his Utilitarianism, 178—188; on Liberty, 365—6.
  • Modesty, 93.
  • Morality, meaning of, 109 sq.; determinants of, 31 sq.
  • Moral Philosophy, definition and division, pref. v.—viii., 1, 2; a progressive science, 152; subtlety of, 202.
  • Moral Sense, no peculiar faculty distinct from Intellect, 137—141, 145.
  • Money, ancient and modern use of, 259—262.
  • Nature, does nothing in vain, 15—8; living according to nature, 112, 184; laws of nature, inviolable as tendencies, 131; state of nature, 308, 310, 316.
  • Natural, in contrast with supernatural, 21, 24; natural and physical confounded by ancients, 53; does not mean 'coming natural', 135, 146.
  • Natural law of conscience, 133—5; mutable subjectively, 147—8; immutable, situation remaining unchanged, 148—9; primary and secondary precepts, some of the latter fail to hold even objectively, where human nature has sunk below par, 371—3, (notwithstanding 150—1); not open to dispensation, 149, 150, 273.
  • Nominalism, subversion of philosophy, 114.
  • Obedience, not wholly of the nature of a contract, 305—6.
  • Ought, or Obligation, analysis of the idea, pref. vi. 115 sq., 140.
  • Passion, as an excuse, 29, 30; definition of, 41; species of, 42—3; not to be extirpated, 43—7; never morally evil by itself, 47—8; passion and principle, two different sources of sin, 93—4.
  • People, the, all government for, 129, 321; sovereignty of, 329, 330, 339; not philosophers, 367.
  • Person, autocentric, as distinguished from a thing (heterocentric), 204—5, 349; to have a right, you must be a person, 244—5, 248.
  • Plato, on desires, 53; on the mean of virtue, 82; his similitude of the charioteer, 85—6; his phrase, 'set up on holy pedestal', 93; fails to discover justice in his Republic, 102, cf. 112; his ignoring of spiritual sins, 113; ignores retributive punishment, 176; object of his Republic, 188—9.
  • Pleasure, or delight, quality of, 54—8, 180—1; perfects activity, 56; how far wrong to act or live for pleasure, 59—61; not happiness, 61, 181.
  • Polity, defined, 312; variety of polities, 319—321; no one polity best, universal and exclusive, 325—334; elementary and original polity, 334—7; the polity the standard of the politically allowable, 339.
  • Polygamy, 271—2; patriarchal practice, 272—3.
  • Powers that be, ordained of God, 316—8, 325.
  • Private war, right renounced by civilised man, 309, 351.
  • Probable opinion, what, how a lawful ground of action, 152—8.
  • Property, res familiaris, 278—281.
  • Prudence, 87—9.
  • Punishment, naturally consequent upon sin, 130—2, 159, 160, 163; also a divine infliction, 161, 174—6; final, eternal, 164—6; medicinal, deterrent, retributive, 169—176, 308, 350; human punishment perhaps never purely retributive, 174; capital punishment, 308, 346—9; punishment a stimulus to conscience, 345—6; war not punishment, 351—3.
  • Pyramid of capacities, 286.
  • Reiffenstuel on duelling, 220—2.
  • Religion, how connected with morality, 123—5; duties of religion, 191—5; natural religious power, 357; the State and religion, 356—7, 364.
  • Restitution, when due, 107—8, 244; not retribution, 172—3.
  • Resurrection, 21.
  • Revolution, is it ever right? 340—2.
  • Right, a, defined, 244—6; connatural, acquired, alienable, inalienable, 246; one man's right imports another man's duty, but not conversely, 246—7; not all rights consequences of duties, 247—8; not wholly the creation of the State, 299, 300, 350.
  • Ritual, needs regulation, 197.
  • Rousseau, his Social Contract, 297—307; his inalienable sovereignty of the people, 329, 330, 339.
  • Secrets, 232—3.
  • Self-defence, differs from punishment and from vengeance, 212, 308—9; a wrong maxim of the jurists, 352; duelling not self-defence, 222.
  • Simulation and dissimulation, 236—7.
  • Sin, material and formal, 33; differs from vice, 70; some by mere passion, other on principle, 93—4; spiritual sins, 113; philosophical sin, 119, 121, 125; sin alone properly unnatural, 130—1; entails punishment, 131—2, 174—6; grave and light, 167; forgiveness of, an uncertainty in philosophy, 167; sin against God, crime against the State, 172—3; atheism the abolition of sin, 364.
  • Socialism, Collectivism and Syndicalism, 283—291; an endeavour to supersede private virtue, 296.
  • Soldier's death, 96.
  • Spiritualism, 199, 200.
  • State, individual not all blended in, 306—7, 355—6; definition of, 311; a natural requisite, more than a necessity of nature, 313—4; involves authority, to be obeyed, 315—6, 361; a perfect community, 315; commanded and commissioned by God, 317—8, 325; a secular concern with a secular end, 354—5; the State and virtue, 355, cf. 345, 348; State and Church, 356—7; State and education, 358—9; doctrines dangerous to the State, 364; State and Conscience, 368—9; remotely a judge of sin, but does not punish it as such, 350.
  • Stoics, would extirpate passion, 44; their naturae convenienter vivere, 112, 184; a paradox of theirs, 167.
  • Suarez, explains the natural rise of civil authority, neglects the historical, 337.
¶3.
  • Suicide, 213—9.
  • Supernatural, 21—4.
  • Superstitious practices, 198—9.
  • Synderesis, 137, 146.
  • Temperance, 90—1.
  • Testamentary right, 282.
  • Usury, defined, 257—8; principle upon which it is wrong, 256, 258—9; commercial loans not usurious, gradual opening for such, 259—263.
  • Utilitarianism, 177 sq.; an ill-concerted blend of Hedonism and Altruism, 180.
  • Value, use value, market value, 255—6, 283.
  • Vice and Virtue, habits, not acts, 69, 70; not in children, 70; vice not sin, 70, 160—1.
  • Virtue, a habit, 69, 70; not reducible to knowledge, 70—1; intellectual and moral, 70, 73; how moral and intellectual virtues differ, 73—6; need of moral virtue, 72, 75—6; moral virtue (not theological) observes the mean, 77—84; cardinal virtues, 84—7; are the virtues separable? 89, 90; potential parts of a virtue, 92; sense of virtue necessary to national greatness, 94; virtue not 'another man's good,' 103, 188; how differing from art, 185—6; how far the care of the State, 355.
  • Virtuous man, acts on motives of virtue, 71, 96—7, 184—5.
  • War, the self-defence of nations, 351; not a punitive operation, 351—2; direct and proper object, not to kill but to put out of action, 352—3.
  • Wild boy of Hanover, 135.
  • Worship, interior and exterior, reasons for the latter, 191—5; not as useful to God, but because He is worthy of it, 195—6.