A Topic of Moral Theology
Using probable matter or form
Forbidden outside necessity (Innocent XI); the safer course in the sacraments.
The works themselves ask 2 questions under this heading — see them together with their answers.
See also The Probable Conscience and Probabilism — in Conscience
In the index as Sacrament · Attention · Change · Corruption · Doubt · Error · Form of all the virtues · Form of the Sacraments · Grave or light matter · Intention · Interruption · Interruption of acts · Matter · Matter of sacraments · Nullity
In the manuals
Read the manuals side by side → — each work's whole treatment in its own column
A Manual of Moral Theology for English-Speaking Countries
Vol. II, Bk. II, Chapter II. The Matter and Form of the Sacraments, n. 3 — Except in case of necessity it is not lawful in the administration of the sacraments to use only probable matter or a probably valid form. An opinion contrary to this doctrine was condemned by Innocent XI, March 2, 1679.… Read in context →
Commentaries on the Nature of Moral Theology, on Conscience and Probabilism, on the Fourth Precept, and on the Sixth and Ninth Precepts of the Decalogue (Commentarii)
Bucceroni, Commentaries (1910), Second Commentary: On Cons…, III. On Probable Conscience and on Probabilism, n. 48 — 48. Therefore it is not lawful to follow a probable opinion, but we must wholly choose the safer in all those things which are necessary, by necessity of means, to salvation, where the fact itself, or the truth of the th… Read in context →
Institutions of Moral Theology (Institutiones Theologiae Moralis)
Vol. III, On the Sacraments in General, II. On the Matter and Form of the Sacraments, nn. 317 & 318 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)
Compendium of Moral Theology of Fr. John Peter Gury, S.J., with the Notes of Antonio Ballerini, S.J.
Vol. II, Treatise On the Sacraments…, Chapter II. On the Matter and Form of the Sacraments, nn. 196, 197, 198, 199, 200 & 201 (25 passages — hover a number to read it)
Manuale Theologiae Moralis
Vol. III, Pt. II, Tr. I, Ch. I, Art. III, Or On The Matter And Form …, § 4. On The Certitude Of Matter And Form, n. 18 — 18. Principle: Outside a case of urgent spiritual necessity, it is a grave sin to employ matter that is not morally certain. Explanation. Since the validity of the sacraments depends upon matter and form, there is a grav… Read in context →
Vol. III, Pt. II, Tr. I, Ch. V, Article VII. On The Simulation And Dissimulation Of The Sacraments, n. 85 — 85. Scholion. On probabilism in administering the sacraments. Outside a case of grave necessity it is not lawful to follow a probable opinion, leaving aside the safer one, when the validity of the sacraments is at issue,… Read in context →
Summa Theologiae Moralis
Vol. III, Special Moral Theology: On…, Treatise: On the Sacrament…, First Part: On the Essence…, Question Three: On the Det…, Article II: On the Change of Matter and Form, nn. ¶1, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 & 24 (42 passages — hover a number to read it)
Christian Theology, Dogmatic and Moral, in Compendium
Diss. I, Chapter I — Propositions condemned by the Church, n. VI — VI. It is not unlawful in conferring the sacraments to follow a probable opinion concerning the validity of the sacrament, the safer being left aside, unless law, agreement, or the danger of incurring grave loss forbid i… Read in context →
Diss. I, Chapter III — On the sacraments of the new law instituted by Christ, n. X — X. QUESTION VII. Is it lawful in performing the sacraments to use doubtful matter or form? ANSWER. In sacraments which are necessary by necessity of means to salvation, such as are Baptism and Penance, the use of doubtfu… Read in context →
Diss. I, Chapter I — Propositions condemned by the Holy See, n. 1 — Innocent XI. 1. It is not unlawful in conferring the sacraments to follow a probable opinion concerning the validity of the sacrament, the safer being left aside, unless law, agreement, or the danger of incurring grave loss forbid it… Read in context →
Treated under the broader heading The Matter and Form of the Sacraments — Noldin, Summa of Moral Theology · McHugh–Callan, Moral Theology · Bucceroni, Cases of Conscience · Sabetti-Barrett, Compendium of Moral Theology · The Roman Catechism — these works do not divide the matter as finely as we do here, so their treatment stands one heading up (ed.)