The Probable Conscience and Probabilism

Summa of Moral Theology (Summa Theologiae Moralis)

Hieronymus Noldin, S.J. — 14 passages

§ 3. On the System of Probabilism., nn. 233–246 (14 passages)

A Manual of Moral Theology for English-Speaking Countries

Thomas Slater, S.J. — 8 passages

Vol. I, Bk. II, Chapter IV. The Probable Conscience, nn. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 & 7 (7 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Bk. II, Ch. III, Section I. The Attention and Intention of the Minister, n. 5 — Except in case of necessity the minister of a sacrament may not use probable opinions with reference to what belongs to the validity of the sacrament. As we saw when treating of the matter and form, it would be against t… Read in context →

Manual of Moral Theology (Manuale Theologiae Moralis)

Ludovicus Wouters, C.SS.R. — 4 passages

Vol. I, Bk. I, Tr. II, Diss. II, Pt. I, Sect. III, Ch. II, Art. I, § IV. On the Comparison of the Required Conscience, nn. 221 & 222 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Bk. I, Tr. II, Diss. II, Pt. I, Sect. III, Ch. II, Art. I, § IV, Point I, State of the Question, Diverse Systems, n. 225 — III. Diverse systems. Seven are enumerated, namely: absolute Tutiorism, mitigated Tutiorism, Probabiliorism, Equiprobabilism, Probabilism, Laxism, and the System of Compensation. Absolute Tutiorism states: It is not lici… Read in context →

Vol. I, Bk. I, Tr. II, Diss. II, Pt. I, Sect. III, Ch. II, Art. I, § IV, Point II, That Is, Equiprobabilism, Thesis II, n. 229 — One who strictly doubts about the cessation or fulfillment of a law, in other words, one who holds it as equally or almost equally probable that the law has not ceased or has not been fulfilled, is held to observe it. It… Read in context →

Institutions of Moral Theology (Institutiones Theologiae Moralis)

Gennaro Bucceroni, S.J. — 29 passages

Vol. I, Preliminary Notices, n. 2 — What have been the vicissitudes of Moral Theology? - There have been various vicissitudes of Moral Theology, both as regards its didactic development and as regards the development of the general rule of morals in doubtf… Read in context →

Vol. I, On Conscience, III. On Probable Conscience, nn. 111–130 (20 passages)

Vol. I, On Conscience, IV. On the Doctrine of S. Alphonsus Concerning Probabilism, n. 131 — Since the authority of S. Alphonsus is very great in moral matters, and several more recent authors deny that S. D. stands for probabilism simply so called, but affirm that he teaches equiprobabilism, and rejects probabi… Read in context →

Vol. I, On Conscience, V. On Doubtful Conscience, nn. 156 & 157 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, On Sins and Virtues, VI. On Virtues, n. 348 — What is fortitude, what are its parts, and what vices are opposed to it? - R. To the first. Fortitude is the virtue which moderates and strengthens the soul against grave dangers, especially of death. - No precept per se… Read in context →

Vol. I, On the Second Precept of t…, III. On Oath, n. 556 — Is it permitted to swear with probability of truth? - "For swearing rightly absolute and altogether infallible certitude is not required, but some moral certitude suffices, or a certain probability which reaches a certai… Read in context →

Vol. II, On the Seventh and Tenth P…, I. On Justice Considered Generally, n. 834 — You will resolve: The Prince can indeed, if at some time this is required for the common good, take a thing from a subject, because right to the end necessarily imports right to the means without which the end cannot be … Read in context →

Vol. III, On the Particular Obligati…, I. On Judges, n. 18 — What must the judge do when the law is not clear, but obscure, and on both sides there are opposed probable opinions? In criminal matters the defendant is to be favored, both as regards the existence of the crime and as … Read in context →

Vol. III, On the Particular Obligati…, IV. On Advocates, Procurators, and Referendaries, n. 38 — Can advocates defend cases, even less probable ones, both of defendants and of plaintiffs? - R. Affirmatively in civil cases; because, as matters of this kind are litigious, there can reasonably be hope that the truth ma… Read in context →

Commentaries on the Nature of Moral Theology, on Conscience and Probabilism, on the Fourth Precept, and on the Sixth and Ninth Precepts of the Decalogue (Commentarii)

Gennaro Bucceroni, S.J. — 61 passages

Bucceroni, Commentaries (1910), Second Commentary: On Cons…, III. On Probable Conscience and on Probabilism, nn. 33, 34, 35, 36–50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58–75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80 & 81 (55 passages — hover a number to read it)

Bucceroni, Commentaries (1910), Second Commentary: On Cons…, IV. Objections Against Probabilism, nn. 85, 100 & 101 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)

Bucceroni, Commentaries (1910), Second Commentary: On Cons…, V. On the Doctrine of St. Alphonsus Concerning Probabilism, n. 122 — 122. And in very truth, the Holy Doctor speaks of a much greater probability certainly and evidently such. Certainly and evidently to whom? Certainly not to the opiner alone, since all know well that one and the same opi… Read in context →

Bucceroni, Commentaries (1910), Second Commentary: On Cons…, VI. On Doubtful Conscience, n. 164 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Cases of Conscience, Proposed by Cardinal de Lugo, by Fr. Beniamino Elbel, by Fr. Ioannes Petrus Gury and by Other Authors, and Resolved (Casus conscientiae)

Gennaro Bucceroni, S.J. — 29 passages

12. On Probable Conscience, nn. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6 (29 passages — hover a number to read it)

Compendium of Moral Theology of Fr. John Peter Gury, S.J., with the Notes of Antonio Ballerini, S.J.

Jean-Pierre Gury, S.J.; notes by Antonio Ballerini, S.J. — 88 passages

Vol. I, Treatise On Conscience, Chapter IV. On Probable and Improbable Conscience, n. ¶1 — One must treat of three things, namely 1. the nature, 2. the efficacy, 3. the use of probability.Read in context →

Vol. I, Treatise On Conscience, Ch. IV, Article I. On the Nature of Probability, nn. 51, 52, 53 & 54 (27 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Treatise On Conscience, Ch. IV, Article II. On the Efficacy of Probability for Forming Conscience, nn. 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73 & 74 (60 passages — hover a number to read it)

Synopsis of Moral and Pastoral Theology

Adolphe Tanquerey, S.S. — 7 passages

Vol. II, Fundamental Moral Theology…, On Conscience, nn. 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413 & 414 (7 passages — hover a number to read it)

Theologia Moralis: Principles — Responses — Counsels

Arthur Vermeersch, S.J. — 6 passages

Vol. I, Tr. IV, Chapter III: On Speculatively Doubtful Conscience, n. ¶1 — Order of speaking. In order that we may procure for ourselves a distinct knowledge of a matter which, both on account of many applications and on account of controversies, has become sufficiently encumbered and confused,… Read in context →

Vol. I, Tr. IV, Ch. III, Art. I, § 1. Notions, nn. 351, 352, 353, 354 & 355 (5 passages — hover a number to read it)

Institutiones Morales Alphonsianae

Clement Marc, C.SS.R. — 69 passages

Vol. I, Part First: On the First P…, Tr. I, Chapter III: On Probable Conscience, nn. ¶1 & ¶57 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Part First: On the First P…, Tr. I, Ch. III, Article I: On the Nature of Probability, nn. ¶58, ¶59 & ¶60 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Part First: On the First P…, Tr. I, Ch. III, Art. I, § 1. On Opinions Considered in Themselves, nn. ¶61, ¶62, ¶63, ¶64, ¶65 & ¶66 (6 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Part First: On the First P…, Tr. I, Ch. III, Art. I, § 2. On Opinions Taken Comparatively, nn. ¶67, ¶68, ¶1, ¶69, ¶70, ¶71, ¶72, ¶73, ¶2, ¶74, ¶75, ¶76, ¶77 & ¶78 (14 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Part First: On the First P…, Tr. I, Ch. III, Article II: On the Use of Probability, n. ¶79 — 79. The argument of great moment, whose treatment we undertake, can be stated in these words: How a certain dictate of conscience can be formed when, on account of diverse opinions, one of which stands for the law and th… Read in context →

Vol. I, Part First: On the First P…, Tr. I, Ch. III, Art. II, § 1. On the Unlawful Use of Probability Where There Intervenes the Danger of Some Evil Absolutely to Be Avoided, nn. ¶80, ¶81, ¶82, ¶83 & ¶84 (5 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Part First: On the First P…, Tr. I, Ch. III, Art. II, § 2. On the Lawful Use of Probability, nn. ¶1, ¶2, ¶85, ¶86, ¶87, ¶3, ¶4, ¶88, ¶89, ¶90, ¶5, ¶6, ¶91, ¶92, ¶93, ¶7, ¶94, ¶95, ¶8, ¶96, ¶97, ¶98, ¶9, ¶99, ¶10, ¶100, ¶101, ¶102, ¶11, ¶103, ¶12, ¶104, ¶105, ¶106, ¶107, ¶13, ¶14 & ¶108 (38 passages — hover a number to read it)

Theologia Moralis Sancti Alphonsi: Reduced into a Compendium

Anthony Konings, C.SS.R. — 55 passages

Vol. I, Treatise on Conscience, Ch. IV, AND ON THE EQUI-PROBABILIS…, ARTICLE I: NOTION OF PROBABILITY, nn. ¶52, ¶53 & ¶54 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Treatise on Conscience, Ch. IV, AND ON THE EQUI-PROBABILIS…, ARTICLE II: RULES FOR JUDGING THE PROBABILITY OF OPINIONS, nn. ¶55, ¶56 & ¶57 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Treatise on Conscience, Ch. IV, AND ON THE EQUI-PROBABILIS…, ARTICLE III: MATTER TO WHICH THE CONTROVERSY CONCERNING THE LICIT USE OF PROBABLE OPINION DOES NOT EXTEND, nn. ¶58, ¶59 & ¶60 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Treatise on Conscience, Ch. IV, AND ON THE EQUI-PROBABILIS…, ARTICLE IV: VARIOUS SYSTEMS CONCERNING THE USE OF PROBABLE OPINION, nn. ¶61 & ¶62 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Treatise on Conscience, Ch. IV, AND ON THE EQUI-PROBABILIS…, Art. V, § I. Previous Notions, nn. ¶63, ¶64, ¶65, ¶66 & ¶67 (5 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Treatise on Conscience, Ch. IV, AND ON THE EQUI-PROBABILIS…, Art. V, § II. Exposition of the System, nn. ¶68 & ¶69 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Treatise on Conscience, Ch. IV, AND ON THE EQUI-PROBABILIS…, Art. V, § III. Proof of the System, nn. ¶1, ¶2, ¶70, ¶3, ¶71, ¶72, ¶73, ¶4, ¶74, ¶75, ¶76, ¶5, ¶77, ¶78, ¶79, ¶80, ¶6, ¶81, ¶7, ¶82, ¶83, ¶84, ¶85, ¶86, ¶8, ¶87, ¶9, ¶88, ¶89, ¶90, ¶91, ¶92, ¶93, ¶94, ¶95, ¶10 & ¶96 (37 passages — hover a number to read it)

Summa Theologiae Moralis

Benedict Henry Merkelbach, O.P. — 5 passages

Vol. II, Special Moral Theology: On…, Treatise: On the Cardinal …, Second Part: On the Virtue…, Ch. II, Question Two: On the Speci…, Article III: On Opinative or Probable Conscience, n. 95 (5 passages — hover a number to read it)

Compendium of Moral Theology

Aloysius Sabetti, S.J., and Timothy Barrett, S.J. — 5 passages

Vol. I, Tr. II, Chapter IV. On Probable and Improbable Conscience, n. 44 — Probable conscience, or, as others prefer, a probable opinion, properly and through itself, is that act of the intellect by which we adhere to some proposition, yet not without fear concerning the opposite. Therefore it … Read in context →

Vol. I, Tr. II, Ch. IV, Article I. On the Nature and Division of Probability, nn. 45, 46 & 47 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Tr. II, Ch. IV, Article IV. On Special Rules and Applications of Probabilism, n. 66 — Besides the general principles by which the theory of probabilism has been established above, namely: an obligation is not to be imposed unless it is certain concerning it, or, a doubtful law does not oblige, there are a… Read in context →

Christian Theology, Dogmatic and Moral, in Compendium

Daniele Concina, O.P. — 18 passages

Bk. II, Dissertation II — On Probabilism, and its consequences, n. ¶1 — Probabilism runs through the whole of Theology. It is a leaven which infects the whole mass of doctrine. Whether it corrupts that mass, or renders it more useful to souls, is called into dispute. To my weakness it appear… Read in context →

Bk. II, Diss. II, Chapter I — Opinions condemned by the Holy See in the controversy of Probabilism, n. I — I. In this whole work I shall first of all recall before the readers' eyes the theses condemned by the Church, that they may be able in advance to guard themselves from the danger of erring. The following, in the controv… Read in context →

Bk. II, Diss. II, Chapter II — What, and of how many kinds, is the probable, the more probable, the safe, and the safer opinion. The genuine sense of the question is proposed, nn. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII & IX (9 passages — hover a number to read it)

Bk. II, Diss. II, Chapter XI — An exhortation to Confessors, nn. I, II, III, IV, V & VI (6 passages — hover a number to read it)

Diss. III, Chapter IV — On the contract of selling and buying. On those who can sell and buy. What things are vendible, n. XVI — XVI. Would you have things better? Probabilism teaches that it is free to select either of two probable opinions. When two contradictory probable opinions occur, a judge can pass sentence according to that which shall ha… Read in context →

Cases of Conscience for English-Speaking Countries, Volume I

Thomas Slater, S.J. — 30 passages

Slater, Cases I, Conscience, Case 3. A New Method of Forming One's Conscience in Doubt, nn. ¶1, ¶2, ¶3, ¶4, ¶5, ¶6, ¶7, ¶8, ¶9, ¶10, ¶11 & ¶12 (12 passages — hover a number to read it)

Slater, Cases I, Conscience, Case 5. A Debt Probably Paid, nn. ¶1, ¶2, ¶3, ¶4, ¶5, ¶6, ¶7, ¶8 & ¶9 (9 passages — hover a number to read it)

Slater, Cases I, Conscience, Case 6. A Conflict of Opinion, nn. ¶1, ¶2, ¶3, ¶4, ¶5, ¶6, ¶7, ¶8 & ¶9 (9 passages — hover a number to read it)

Moral Philosophy: Ethics, Deontology and Natural Law

Joseph Rickaby, S.J. — 6 passages

Pt. II, Ch. VIII, Section IV. Of Probabilism, nn. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6 (6 passages — hover a number to read it)

The Casuist: A Collection of Cases in Moral and Pastoral Theology

Various; ed. S. Woywod, O.F.M., and J. A. McHugh, O.P. — 15 passages

Vol. II, Case LXV: Application of Probabilism, nn. ¶1–¶15 (15 passages)

A Brief Text-Book of Moral Philosophy

Charles Coppens, S.J. — 9 passages

Chapter III: Law the Rule of Human Acts, nn. 103, ¶184, ¶185, ¶186, 104, ¶188, 105, ¶190 & 106 (9 passages — hover a number to read it)

Apology for the Doctrine of the Jesuits

Gabriel Daniel, S.J. — 57 passages

Daniel, Apology for the Jesuits, Sentiments of the Fathers of the Society of Jesus on the Doctrine of Probability, nn. ¶100–¶156 (57 passages)

Summa Summae S. Thomae (Billuart)

Charles-René Billuart, O.P. — 286 passages (filed under the subtopics)

Billuart, Summa Summae, Tomus II. On the Prima Sec…, On Human Acts, On the Probability and Choice of Opinions, n. 1 — to follow a probable or more probable opinion concerning the objective honesty of an act.Read in context →

Billuart, Summa Summae, Tomus II. On the Prima Sec…, On Human Acts, On the Probability and Cho…, Whether it is licit to follow the less probable and less safe opinion, in concurrence with one more probable and safer?, nn. 1–27 (27 passages)

Billuart, Summa Summae, Tomus II. On the Prima Sec…, On Human Acts, On the Probability and Cho…, Whether, in the conflict of two equally probable opinions on the objective honesty of an act, it is lawful to follow the less safe favoring liberty, leaving the safer favoring the law?, nn. 1–26 (26 passages)

Billuart, Summa Summae, Tomus II. On the Prima Sec…, On Human Acts, On the Probability and Cho…, Whether it is lawful to follow the more probable but less safe opinion, in concurrence with one less probable but safer, where only the objective honesty of the act is at stake?, nn. 1–29 (29 passages)

Billuart, Summa Summae, Tomus II. On the Prima Sec…, On Human Acts, On the Probability and Cho…, Various little questions on the present matter briefly resolved, nn. 1–24 (24 passages)

Billuart, Summa Summae, Tomus II. On the Prima Sec…, On Human Acts, On Moderate Probabilism, nn. 1 & 2 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Billuart, Summa Summae, Tomus II. On the Prima Sec…, On Human Acts, On Moderate Probabilism, On the nature of probability, nn. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 & 13 (13 passages — hover a number to read it)

Billuart, Summa Summae, Tomus II. On the Prima Sec…, On Human Acts, On Moderate Probabilism, What systems have arisen concerning probability in practical matters?, nn. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 & 8 (8 passages — hover a number to read it)

Billuart, Summa Summae, Tomus II. On the Prima Sec…, On Human Acts, On Moderate Probabilism, Whether it is lawful to follow an opinion truly and solidly probable favoring liberty, leaving a safer one equally probable, or even more probable, where only the liceity of the action is at stake?, nn. 1–82 (82 passages)

Billuart, Summa Summae, Tomus II. On the Prima Sec…, On Human Acts, On Moderate Probabilism, On the use of probability, and the special rules by which conscience is practically formed in doubts, nn. 1–34 (34 passages)

Billuart, Summa Summae, Tomus II. On the Prima Sec…, On Human Acts, On Moderate Probabilism, Whether it is lawful to follow a probable, or even more probable, opinion, leaving the safer, when there is a certain obligation of attaining a determinate end?, nn. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 & 11 (11 passages — hover a number to read it)

Billuart, Summa Summae, Tomus II. On the Prima Sec…, On Human Acts, On Moderate Probabilism, On Compensative Probabilism, nn. 1–29 (29 passages)

Questions of Moral Theology

Thomas Slater, S.J. — 95 passages (filed under the subtopics)

Slater, Questions, DR. McDONALD’S “PRINCIPLES OF MORAL SCIENCE”, nn. ¶653–¶673, ¶675–¶692 & ¶694–¶718 (64 passages)

Slater, Questions, A Forgotten Theologian and His Theory of Morals, nn. ¶898, ¶899, ¶900, ¶901, ¶902, ¶903, ¶904, ¶906, ¶907, ¶909, ¶910, ¶911, ¶912, ¶913, ¶914, ¶915, ¶916, ¶917, ¶919, ¶920, ¶922, ¶923, ¶925, ¶926, ¶927, ¶928, ¶930, ¶931, ¶932, ¶933 & ¶934 (31 passages — hover a number to read it)

Moral Theology: A Complete Course (McHugh & Callan)

John A. McHugh, O.P., and Charles J. Callan, O.P. — 85 passages (filed under the subtopics)

Vol. I, Pt. I, Q. IV, Art. 2. A Good Conscience, Practical Conclusions, nn. 636, 637, 638 & 639 (4 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Pt. I, Q. IV, Art. 3. A Certain Conscience, Opinion, nn. 662, 663, 664, 665, 666, 667, 668, 669, 670 & 671 (10 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Pt. I, Q. IV, Art. 3. A Certain Conscience, The Moral Systems, nn. 672, 673, 674 & 675 (4 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Pt. I, Q. IV, Art. 3. A Certain Conscience, Tutiorism, nn. 676, 677, 678 & 679 (4 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Pt. I, Q. IV, Art. 3. A Certain Conscience, Laxism, nn. 680 & 681 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Pt. I, Q. IV, Art. 3. A Certain Conscience, The Other Systems, n. 682 — The true system of reflex principles will lie between the extremes of Tutiorism and Laxism. As already said, these two doctrines have been censured by the Church; but there are other systems that are moderate, and that a… Read in context →

Vol. I, Pt. I, Q. IV, Art. 3. A Certain Conscience, Probabiliorism, nn. 683, 684, 685, 686 & 687 (5 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Pt. I, Q. IV, Art. 3. A Certain Conscience, Equiprobabilism, nn. 688, 689, 690, 691, 692, 693, 694, 695, 696, 697, 698, 699 & 700 (13 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Pt. I, Q. IV, Art. 3. A Certain Conscience, Probabilism, nn. 701–730 (30 passages)

Vol. I, Pt. I, Q. IV, Art. 3. A Certain Conscience, Compensationism, nn. 731, 732, 733, 734, 735, 736, 737 & 738 (8 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Pt. I, Q. IV, Art. 3. A Certain Conscience, Practical Conclusions, nn. 739, 740, 741 & 742 (4 passages — hover a number to read it)

A Handbook of Moral Theology (Koch–Preuss)

Antony Koch; adapted and edited by Arthur Preuss — 31 passages (filed under the subtopics)

Vol. I, Its Subject, Norm, and Object, Morality, Its Subject, Norm, and Object, Ch. IV, Section 3: Probabilism and Other Systems of Morals, nn. ¶1–¶31 (31 passages)

Moral Enchiridion, Comprising Select Decrees and Definitions of the Holy See, of Ecumenical Councils and of the Sacred Roman Congregations (Enchiridion Morale), Fourth Edition

Gennaro Bucceroni, S.J. — 13 passages (filed under the subtopics)

Bucceroni, Moral Enchiridion (4th ed., 1905), On Conscience, nn. 114, 117, 118, 119, 126, 119 & 131, 136 (13 passages — hover a number to read it)

Moral Enchiridion, and Supplement to the Compendium of Moral Theology of Gury-Ballerini (Enchiridion Morale)

Gennaro Bucceroni, S.J. — 3 passages (filed under the subtopics)

Bucceroni, Moral Enchiridion, On Conscience, nn. ¶1, ¶2 & ¶3 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)

Christian Theology, Dogmatic and Moral, Volume III: On the Decalogue

Daniele Concina, O.P. (filed under the subtopics)

Diss. II, One Extorted by Fear or Er…, Chapter IV — On the doubtful vow. When the one vowing, in doubt, must fulfill it, n. IX — IX. Two things here I would have you weigh carefully. The first is that, by the adversaries' own admission, our discussion concerns a doubt not light, empty, founded on scruples and inept conjectures, but resting on grav… Read in context →

Manuale Theologiae Moralis

Dominic M. Prümmer, O.P. — 19 passages (filed under the subtopics)

Vol. I, Pt. I, Tract IV. On Conscience, Ch. V, Art. II, On Moral Doubt, § 2. On The Means For Solving Practical Doubt, n. 333 — 333. 1. A doubtful law does not oblige. From the rise of Probabilism this principle caused very sharp controversies. Some, namely the more rigid Probabiliorists (Concina, Patuzzi, etc.), reject it altogether, teaching th… Read in context →

Vol. I, Pt. I, Tract IV. On Conscience, Chapter VI. On the various moral systems, n. ¶51 — On The Various Moral Systems. Almost innumerable books have been written on this matter from three centuries ago. Among authors of our time there seem to stand out Lehmkuhl, Probabilismus vindicatus (1906), Wouters, De M… Read in context →

Vol. I, Pt. I, Tract IV. On Conscience, Ch. VI, Article I. On The Notion Of The Individual Systems, nn. 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343 & 344 (8 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Pt. I, Tract IV. On Conscience, Ch. VI, Article II. Judgment concerning the individual systems, n. ¶52 — Judgment Concerning The Individual Systems. Absolute Rigorism and Laxism have been condemned by the Church, as is clear from what was said above. Mitigated Tutiorism also must be rejected, since it is a) too hard; b) not… Read in context →

Vol. I, Pt. I, Tract IV. On Conscience, Ch. VI, Art. II, § 1. On Probabiliorism, nn. 345 & 346 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Pt. I, Tract IV. On Conscience, Ch. VI, Art. II, § 2. On Equiprobabilism, nn. 347 & 348 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Pt. I, Tract IV. On Conscience, Ch. VI, Art. II, § 3. On Pure Probabilism, nn. 349 & 350 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Pt. I, Tract IV. On Conscience, Ch. VI, Art. II, § 4. On The System Of Compensation Or Of Sufficient Cause, nn. 351 & 352 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)