index — McHugh–Callan, Moral Theology
Index to Volumes I–II
Accusation, Judicial, obligation, 1966; when a malefactor is bound to accuse himself, 1968; ethical conditions for lawful accusation or denunciation, 1969; persons who may not act as accusers, 1970; judicial accusation and fraternal correction, 1972; unjust accusation, 1973; cessation of duty of accusation, 1794.
Acts, Human, 22, 62; definition, 23; knowledge requisite for, 24; ignorance renders them involuntary, 28; effect of error, forgetfulness and inadvertence on, 32, 33; consent requisite for, 34; free and necessary, 35 a; perfectly and imperfectly voluntary, 35 b; voluntary absolutely and under a certain aspect, 35 c; voluntary in themselves or directly and in their cause or indirectly, 35 d; voluntary, approvingly and permissively, 36; omissions, 37, 39; obstacles which destroy or lessen voluntariness, 40; voluntary acts either elicited or commanded by the will, 56, 62; intellectual, 61, 62; sensible, 61, 62; external corporal, 61, 62; morality of, 63; acts forbidden to clerics, 2603 a.
Almsgiving, external effect of charity, 1210; definition, 1216; manner of giving, 1217; forms of almsgiving, 1218; seven corporal works of mercy, 1221; seven spiritual, 1222; comparison of corporal and spiritual alms, 1224; duty of almsgiving, 1226; three classes of needy persons distinguished, 1233; three degrees of corporal need, 1236; rules on giving alms, 1237; gravity of the obligation, 1238; refusal of alms and restitution, 1240; alms from ill-gotten goods, 1241; almsgiving from the goods of another, 1244, 1246; order of charity in almsgiving, 1247; amount to be given, 1249, 1253; employment as alms, 1249 b; when alms are excessive, 1250; clerics and almsgiving, 1252; time for almsgiving, 1255; manner, 1256; public charity cannot take the place of almsgiving, 1257.
Baptism, Sacrament of, faith necessary for adult candidate, 791; the most necessary Sacrament, 2686; effect is regeneration, 2686 a; material element of Baptism, 2686 b; formal element, 2686 c; Solemn Baptism, 2637 a; Private Baptism, 2687 b; duties of pastors, 2688; duties of parents and guardians, 2689; sponsors required by Church from very early times, 2690; requirements for validity and lawfulness of sponsors, 2690 a; duties of sponsors, 2691; duties of adult recipients of Baptism, 2692; duties of minister of Baptism, 2693.
Betrothal, duties of persons engaged to marry, 2627; duties imposed by engagement to marry, 2628; courtship, 2628; duty to manifest defects, 2628 b; fidelity during the engagement, 2628 c; right to manifest affection, 2628 c; formal promise to marry imposes duty of marriage within a reasonable time, 2628 d; breaking of engagement, 2628 d; duty of restitution in breach of promise, 2628 d; signs of affection between engaged persons, 2629.
Blasphemy, Sin of, 887; heretical and non-heretical, 889; interpreting cases of doubtful blasphemy, 894; sinfulness of blasphemy, 895; the greatest sin against faith, 895 b; species of blasphemy, 897; circumstances which aggravate, 897 d; blasphemies against the Three Divine Persons, 898; despair and presumption as blasphemy, 899 a; sin against Holy Ghost, 900; state of malicious sin, 901; remedies against blasphemy, 902; absolution, 903.
Bonaventure, Saint, on obligation of judge when evidence is contrary to his personal knowledge, 1951 c.
Charity, theological virtue of, 151; compared with faith and hope, 157; remains in the blessed, 158; Fruit of the Holy Ghost, 163; definition, 1105; charity and natural love, 1106; true friendship with God, 1112; uncreated and created charity, 1113, 1114; excellence of, 1115; charity and beatific vision, 1116; production of charity, 1121; origin, 1122; may be increased, 1124; perfect charity, 1129; three degrees, 1130; decline of charity, 1131; loss of, 1132; object of, 1133; love of creatures not always charity, 1134; sinful, natural and supernatural self-love, 1136; friendship and charity, 1137, 1141; love of neighbor, 1139; charity for sinners, 1142, 1147; for enemies, 1148; common signs of charity, 1154; refusal of greeting a lack of charity, 1157; general order of charity, 1158; character of love of God, 1160; sacrifice of spiritual goods for neighbor’s sake, 1163; love of the body, 1164; order of charity between neighbors, 1171; order of charity between relations, 1176; acts of, 1183; exercise of act, 1184; internal effects of charity, 1103; joy, 1194; peace, 1195; reconciliation with God effected by charity, 1196; what reconciliation with enemies demands, 1198; manner and time of seeking reconciliation, 1202; external effects of charity, 1210; beneficence (q.v.), 1211; almsgiving (q.v.), 1216; fraternal correction (q.v.), 1258; hate (q.v.), 1295; sins against peace, 1347; opposition between schism and charity, 1371; schism greatest sin against neighbor, 1372; duty of owner towards one in dire need, 1925 a.
Charity, Commandments of, in Old Testament, 1547 a; in New Testament, 1547 b; precepts of secondary acts of charity, 1551; prohibitions of uncharitableness, 1552; commandment of love of God, 1553; modes of performing act of love of God, 1554, 1555; must be subjectively and objectively great, 1556; actual and habitual, 1557; degrees of perfection of this act, 1560; commandment of love of self, 1561; pursuit of supernatural, intellectual and corporal goods, 1563, 1564; care of the mind, 1564; commandment of love of neighbor, 1579; conditions, 1582; fulfillment of the commandments of charity, 1585; various ways of fulfillment, 1586; external acts must be accompanied by internal love, 1588; internal act must be explicit, 1589; proper intention, 1590; obligation is universal, 1592; times when the precepts of charity oblige, 1593; ignorance as excuse for omission, 1596; cases when love of neighbor must be explicit, 1603; necessity of habit of charity, 1604; order of charity is also commanded, 1606.
Clerics, special duties of, 2596; duties before entering clerical state, 2596 a; duties after entering clerical state, 2596 b; internal vocation, 2597 a; external vocation, 2597 b; sinfulness of disregarding vocation, 2598 a; positive duties of clerics, 2599 a; obligation of Divine Office, 2600 a; excuses from the obligation of Divine Office, 2601 a; precept of clerical celibacy, 2602 a; negative duties of clerics, 2603; forbidden acts, 2603 a; forbidden occupations, 2603 b; forbidden amusements, 2603 c; prohibition against trading, 2604 a; clerics and purchase and sale of stocks and bonds, 2605 a; duties of clerical superiors, 2606 a; special duties of those who have care of souls, 2607 a.
Communication, Dangerous, 882; civil and religious communication, 882; when non-religious communication is sinful, 883; when religious communication is sinful, 884; communication in worship, 956; private and public, 956; participation of non-Catholics in Catholic worship, 957, 958; restriction of this participation, 959; performance of Catholic rites by non-Catholics, 960.
Communion, Holy, minister, 2703; recipient of the Eucharist, 2704; persons who may receive Communion, 2704 a; persons who must receive Communion, 2704 b; requirements in candidates for First Communion, 2704 b; dispositions for worthy Communion, 2705; confession, preparation and thanksgiving, 2705 a; Rite in which Communion may be received, 2705 a; dispositions of body (Eucharistic fast and external reverence), 2705 b; necessary dispositions for frequent Communion, 2706 a; useful dispositions for frequent Communion, 2706 b; duties of parents, pastors and confessors in reference to Communion, 2707.
Compensation, various kinds of, 1927; lawfulness of occult compensation, 1928; unlawful occult compensation and restitution, 1929; conditions required by commutative justice for occult compensation, 1930; occult compensation in doubt of law, 1931 b; where there is strict right to compensation, 1932; where there is no right to compensation, 1933; compensation of children and employees, 1934; conditions required by legal justice for occult compensation, 1935; conditions required by charity for occult compensation, 1936; lawfulness of open compensation, 1937.
Conscience, and Moral Theology, 2; definition, 575; variously divided, 576; true or false, 577; good (right) or bad (wrong), 578 a; certain or uncertain, 578 b; obligation of, 580; authority not unlimited, 581; no autonomous morality, 581 a; when conscience must be followed, 582; erroneous and doubtful conscience, 585; results of following erroneous conscience, 588; results of disobeying erroneous conscience, 589, 591; a good conscience, 593; antecedent and consequent conscience, 594; vigilant, tender and timorous conscience, 595; scrupulous conscience, 596; lax conscience, 596; malicious or non-malicious laxity (reprobate or weak conscience), 598; partial or entire laxity, 599, 600; Pharisaic conscience, 600; inculpable and culpable laxity, 601; causes of a lax conscience, 601; dangers of lax conscience, 602; rules regarding sins due to lax conscience, 603, 604; opinion as state of conscience, 662; remedies for lax conscience, 605; scrupulous differs from strict (tender) conscience, 607 a; scrupulous conscience differs from scrupulosity, 607 b; rules regarding scrupulous conscience and sins, 608; dangers of scrupulous conscience, 609; perplexed conscience, 611; directions of St. Alphonsus regarding perplexed conscience, 612; scrupulosity, 614; distinct from scrupulous conscience, 614 a; from a tender conscience, 614 b; from anxious, doubtful or guilty conscience, 614 c; chief subjects of scruples, 615; signs of scrupulosity, 616; internal causes of scrupulous conscience, 617; external causes, 618; sometimes tolerated by God, 619; dangers of scrupulosity, 620; rules for the scrupulous, 621; qualities necessary for successful direction of scrupulous, 625; scrupulous and past confessions, 626; scrupulous and present confessions, 627; scrupulous and performance of duties, 628; scrupulous and commission of sin, 630; remedies for scruples, 632; signs of a good conscience, 638; certain conscience, 640; kinds of certitude, 643; uncertain conscience, 654, 655; doubt and suspicion, 656; presumption, 658; reflex principles to settle doubts, 657; opinion, 662; accusing or excusing, 668 a; forbidding or permitting, 668 b; the moral systems, 672; Tutiorism, 676; Laxism, 680; Probabiliorism, 683; Equiprobabilism, 688; Probabilism, 701; Compensationism, 731; respective merits and use of the rival systems of conscience, 740; use by confessors, 741.
Contract, forms of, 1749; gratuitous contracts, 1749 a; contract as title to private ownership, 1892 b; elements of contract, 1877; subject-matter of contract, 1878; when contracts are immoral, 1878 a; sinful contracts, 1879; qualities necessary for valid consent, 1833; defects that invalidate consent, 1884; when fear invalidates consent to contract, 1884 c; form of contract, 1885; accidentals of a contract, 1886; conditions added to contract, 1886 c; modes of contract, 1886 d; obligation of entering into contract, 1887 a; obligation of valid contract, 1888; quality of obligation in onerous and gratuitous contracts, 1588 a; quantity of obligation in onerous and gratuitous contracts, 1888 b; objects of obligation of contract, 1888 d; obligation of quasi-contract, 1888 d; cessation of obligation, 1889; unilateral and bilateral contracts, 1749 a; onerous contracts, 1749 b; subsidiary contracts, 1749 d; immoral contracts, 1878 d; sinful contracts, 1879; illegal contracts, 1880; unenforceable contracts, 1880 a; voidable contracts, 1880 c; contracts ipso facto void, 1880 d; qualities necessary in the parties contractant, 1881; legal privileges of minors in connection with contracts, 1882; principles obligatory in all forms of contracts, 2137; gratuitous contracts, 2137 a; onerous contracts, 2137 b; aleatory contracts, 2137 c; fraudulent contracts, 2138.
Contrition, 2733 a; the first act of the penitent, 2729; perfect contrition, 2730 a; imperfect contrition or attrition, 2730 b; attrition based solely on fear of punishment, 2731; servile fear of God, 2731 b; slavish fear, 2731 b; attrition in the Sacrament of Penance, 2732; disinterested love not required in Penance, 2732 b; interested love necessary in Penance, 2732 e; conditions for valid contrition and attrition, 2733; supernatural sorrow, 2733 b; universal sorrow, 2733 c; sovereign sorrow, 2733 d; properties of contrition, 2735.
Contumely, definition, 2010; various forms of, 2012; manner of confessing contumely in Sacrament of Penance, 2013; sinfuless of contumely, 2014; gravity of matter in contumely, 2015; causes of contumely, 2017; duty of bearing with contumely, 2018; reasons for resistance to contumely or detraction, 2019; duty of one who answers contumely or detraction, 2020; duty of restitution for contumely, 2021; what kind of reparation should be made, 2023; method of apologizing for contumely, 2024; cessation of obligation of restitution, 2026; the differences between defamation and contumely, 2029.
Cooperation, and restitution, 1775; positive cooperators in injury, 1779; negative cooperators, 1780; distinction between cooperators as equal or unequal causes of injury, 1782; cooperation in suicide, 1855; cooperation in defamation, 2076; cooperation in sinful oaths, 2252; cooperation in divination or other form of superstition, 2296; cooperation in the sin of drunkenness, 2483 a.
Cooperation in Religious Activities, 976; immediate and mediate, 976; lawfulness of material cooperation, 978; most usual cases of cooperation, 980; contributions to false worship, 981; building of houses of false worship, 983, 984; preparing for non-Catholic services, 985, 986; resemblance to scandal, 1460 b.
Cooperation in Sin, definition, 1506; how it differs from complicity, 1507; formal or material, 1508 a; positive or negative, 1508 b; occasional or effective, 1509 a; immediate or mediate, 1509 b; indispensable or not indispensable, 1509 c; unjust or unlawful, 1510; explicit or implicit, 1511; proximate or remote, 1512; sinfulness, 1513; lawfulness of material cooperation, 1515; gravity of reasons necessary for cooperation, 1520; lawfulness of immediate cooperation, 1526; special cases, 1528; formal cooperation with evil reading matter, 1529; with evil dances or plays, 1531; material cooperation with evil dances or plays, 1532; cooperation by manufacture of sinful objects, 1533; cooperation in supplying food and drink, 1537, 1539; in renting houses, rooms, etc., 1540, 1541; lawful and unlawful cooperation of employees, 1542; duties of confessors, 1545, 1546.
Correction, Fraternal, definition, 1258; distinct from judicial correction and censure of vice, 1258 a; includes prevention of sin, 1258 d; duty, 1259, 1261, 1282, 1284; when advisable and inadvisable, 1262, 1263; doubtful cases, 1264; sin committed by omission or delay, 1265, 1266; when person not a superior should make correction, 1267; obligation of inquiring into suspected wrongdoing, 1269; private spying uncharitable, 1269 c; faults that call for correction, 1270; correction of vincibly and invincibly ignorant, 1273; past sins do not demand correction, 1276; persons to be corrected, 1277; correction of superior, 1278; persons to administer correction, 1279; persons excused from duty, 1283; manner of correction, 1285, 1291; secret and public corrections, 1286; obligation of reporting an occult sin, 1287; duties of superior when subject is reported for fraternal correction, 1292, 1293; obligations for private individuals summarized, 1294.
Cursing, definition, 2111; when cursing is not sinful, 2112; sinfulness of cursing, 2113; gravity of sin of cursing, 2114; circumstances that change moral species of cursing, 2115; numerical multiplication in sins of cursing, 2116; cursing of evil, 2117; unlawful cursing of an irrational creature, 2119.
Defamation, definition, 2028; self-defamation, 2028 e; different forms of defamation, 2030; differences between defamation and contumely, 2029; implicit and explicit defamation, 2030 b; direct and indirect defamation, 2030 d; examples of indirect defamation, 2031; examples of direct defamation, 2032; defamation by innuendo, 2033 a; defamation by plain speech, 2033 b; sinfulness of detraction, 2036; right to true and false reputation, 2037; sinfulness of gossip or criticism about real and known defects, 2038; moral species of defamation, 2039; species of sins of defamation, 2040; numerical multiplication of defamations, 2041; theological species of defamation, 2042; harm done by defamation, 2043; comparison of defamation with other injuries against neighbor, 2044; rule for determining seriousness of defamation, 2046; harm done by reason of defects revealed, 2047; revelation of secret faults, 2048; harm done by reason of person defamed, 2049; meaning of the expression “infamous in a certain place,”, 2051; revelation about a person juridically in disrepute elsewhere, 2054; revelation about a person actually in disrepute elsewhere, 2055; notoriety in a closed community, 2057; revelation about a person formerly in disrepute, 2058; when the name of person defamed is not given, 2059; defamation of deceased and legal persons, 2060; harm done by reason of person of defamer, 2061; defamation at second hand, 2062; harm done by reason of listeners, 2063; detraction to one discreet person, 2065; belittling a person to himself, 2066; disclosing matters detrimental to third party, 2067; rights that have precedence over false reputation, 2068; unlawful attack on another’s false reputation, 2069; conditions that justify revelation of another’s defects, 2070; revelations about public officials or candidates for public office, 2071; revelations about historical personages, 2072; revelations about persons who figure in news of day, 2074; injustice in professional critics, 2075; cooperation in defamation, 2076; direct consent to defamation, 2077; persons who listen to defamation from curiosity, 2078; sinfulness of indirect consent to defamation, 2079; guilt of superior who consents to defamation, 2080; circumstances which lessen guilt of indirect consent, 2082; inaction in face of defamation, 2083; ways of opposing defamation made in one’s presence, 2084; restitution for defamation, 2085; gravity of obligation of restitution, 2086; conditions which entail duty of restitution, 2087; cooperators and restitution, 2088; circumstances of restitution, 2089; persons by whom restitution must be made, 2089, 2090; persons to whom restitution must be made, 2001; responsibility of defamer for spread of defamation, 2092; first way of making restitution, 2093; other methods of making restitution, 2094; legal reparation for defamation, 2095; time when restitution for defamation is to be made, 2096; cessation of duty of restitution, 2097; excuses from restitution, 2098; right of defamed person to condone injury, 2101.
Doubt, 655; positive or negative, 655; as state of conscience, 656; reflex principles for solution of doubt, 657; cases of negative doubt to be settled in favor of obligation, 661; negative doubt of law, 709 a; of fact, 709 b; rash doubts, 1743; supervening doubt of possessor in doubtful faith, 1776; antecedent doubt of possessor in doubtful faith, 1777.
Drunkenness, sin against sobriety, 2476 b; passive drunkenness, 2477 a; degrees of the sin of drunkenness, 2479 a; malice of the sin, 2480 a; drunkenness compared with other sins, 2481 a; responsibility of drunkard for sins committed while intoxicated, 2482 a; cooperation in the sin of drunkenness, 2483.
Envy, 269; sin against charity, 1328; definition, 1328; objects of, 1329; subjects of, 1330; distinct from emulation, fear and indignation, 1331; lawful and unlawful emulation, 1332; lawful and unlawful jealousy, 1333; lawful and unlawful grief at another’s prosperity, 1334, 1337; envy by nature a mortal sin, 1338; degrees of gravity, 1341; one of capital vices, 1342; how preeminent among sins, 1344; useful considerations and practices against envy, 1345, 1346; as origin of discord, 1354; origin of contention, 1362; prohibition against, 1552.
Eucharist, Holy, 2699; the chief Sacrament of the Church, 2699; matter and form of the Eucharist, 2700; qualities of the bread, 2700 a; qualities of the wine, 2700 b; grave precept of Church regarding the form, 2700 c; minister of consecration, 2701; duties of minister as regards valid consecration, 2701 b; confession as preparation for consecration, 2701 c; effect on consecration of inadvertent neglect of grave liturgical precept, 2702; reservation of the Blessed Sacrament, 2708; duty of custody, 2708 a; duty of renewal of hosts, 2708 b; duty of worship, 2708 c; visits to the Blessed Sacrament, 2708 c; Forty Hours’ Devotion, 2708 c.
Faith, Theological Virtue of, and Moral Theology, 2; definition, 151; compared with charity, 157; ceases in the blessed, 158; excellence, 747; utility, 748, 749; meaning, 750; St. Paul’s definition, 751; St. Chrysostom’s definition, 751 a; St. Thomas’ definition, 751 b; definition by Vatican Council, 798; material and formal objects, 754; divine and Catholic faith, 755; divine and ecclesiastical faith, 756; private revelations, 757; human faith, 758 d; external and internal assent, 760; solemn and ordinary definitions of Church, 761 b; condemnations of error, 761 b; definitions and censures, 761 c; religious assent, 761 d; explicit and implicit, 763; obligation of explicit faith, 928; points about which explicit faith is required by Catechism of Council of Trent, 765; faith is necessary for salvation, 766; formulas summarized in Creeds, 767; increase in articles of faith, 768; Apostles/ Nicene and Athanasian Creeds, 769; summary of teaching of Apostles’ Creed, 770; internal and external acts of faith, 782; supernatural and natural truths to which assent must be given, 784; act of faith necessary, 785; what must be believed with implicit and explicit faith, 786; mysteries that must be believed, 787, 918, 920; substantial and scientific knowledge of mysteries, 790; faith necessary for absolution, 792; assent of credibility, 795 a; preambles of faith, 795 b; habit of faith, 797; properties of faith, 799; living and dead faith, 800; persons who have or had faith, 801; persons who have not faith, 802; how faith must be supreme, 803 a; faith must be universal but not necessarily explicit, 803 b; growth and decline of faith, 804, 805; cause of faith, 806; effects, 807; internal and external dangers to, 848; dangerous reading, 849; dullness of understanding as sin, 912; blindness of mind as sin, 912; Commandments of, 913; commandment of knowledge, 914; means of communicating knowledge, 915; degree of knowledge necessary, 919; knowledge of Creed, Decalogue, virtues, Sacraments, duties of one’s state, Lord’s Prayer, 920; means for retention of knowledge, 922; memorizing of Catechism, 923; commandment of internal acts of faith, 925; primary and secondary truths of revelation, 927; obligation of affirmative commandment, 929; when and how often act of faith should be made, 933, 935; formal and virtual act of faith, 936; commandment of external profession, 938; denial of faith, 939; ways of denying faith, 941; commandment of external profession, 987; divine precept of profession, 989; secret, private and public profession, 992; obligation to give instruction on matters of faith and morals, 1001; ecclesiastical precept of profession, 1003; flight to avoid profession, 1005; when concealment of one’s faith is lawful, 1007.
Favoritism, sinfulness declared by Revelation, 1805; sinfulness declared by reason, 1806; gravity of sin of favoritism, 1807; favoritism in spiritual matters, 1809; favoritism in secular matters, 1812; favoritism in marks of esteem or honor, 1813; favoritism in judges, umpires, arbitrators and the like, 1814 a.
Fear, as obstacle to consent, 40, 44; acts done with and through fear, 43; two moral species (fear of the world and of God), 1043; habitual and actual fear, 1044; worldly fear as sin, 1045; servile and filial fear of God, 1048; initial and perfected fear, 1055; divine commandments concerning fear, 1103; compared with envy, 1331 b, 1339.
Fortitude, 150; golden mean in, 154 a, 157 b; Gift of the Holy Ghost, 160 b; rank among moral virtues, 2437; definition of fortitude, 2439; two acts of fortitude, 2440; excellence, 2441; sins opposed to fortitude, 2446; integral and potential parts of fortitude, 2447; differs from patience, 2453 b; complements of fortitude, 2457; Gift of Fortitude, 2457 a; fortitude and the Eighth Beatitude, 2457 b; fortitude and the Fruits of Patience and Longsuffering, 2457 c; commandments of fortitude, 2458; subjects of fortitude, 2460.
Fraud, invalidates consent of contract, 1884 b; injustice in voluntary commutations, 2121; definition of fraud, 2122; two kinds of injustice in sales, 2123; injustice regarding price, 2124; criteria of a just price, 2125; obligation of observing prices settled by law or custom, 2126; when market price may be disregarded without injustice, 2127; unjust sales based on ignorance of real value, 2129; obligation of restitution on account of unjust price, 2130; injustice regarding thing sold, 2131; defects in the thing sold, 2132.
Habits, as obstacle to voluntariness of acts, 40, 53; definition, 53; antecedent and consequent, 53; in general, 132; definition, 133; entitative and operative, 134 a; good and evil, 134 b; infused and acquired, 134 c, 135, 136; strengthening and weakening of, 137; exercise great influence on morality, 140; our duties regarding, 141.
Hate, 119; sin against charity, 1295; definition and kinds, 1296; hatred of God, 1297; interpretative and formal hatred, 1299, 1315; hatred of God as a special sin, 1300; gravity of this sin, 1301; degrees of malice, 1303; hatred of creatures, 1304; dislike of self, 1305, 1307; may one wish evil to self or others?, 1308; wish for death or spiritual evil, 1310, 1311; gravity of sin of hatred of neighbor, 1312; comparison with other sins, 1313; hatred not a capital vice, 1314; species of sin, 1317; manner of confessing sin, 1318, 1319; as cause of fighting, 1432; prohibition against, 1552.
Heresy, 822 c, 826; as a sin and canonical crime, 827; positive and negative, 828 a; internal and external, 828 b; occult and public, 828 c; material and formal, 828 d, 829, 830; sinfulness of, 831; circumstances that modify guilt, 832; penalties, 833; books in favor of, forbidden, 855 b; heresy compared with schism, 1370.
Homicide, definition, 1816; when homicide is lawful, 1819; unlawful killing of offenders, 1823; lawfulness of tyrannicide, 1824 a; homicide in self-defense, 1826; killing of the innocent, 1844; unintentional killing of the innocent, 1847; destruction of the unborn, 1848; canonical penalties for, 1851 a; accidental homicide, 1862; moral and legal guilt of homicide, 1865, 1820.
Hope, Theological Virtue of, 151, 157, 158, 1009; definition, 1009, 1012; supernatural and natural hope, 1013; animated and inanimated hope, 1016; disinterested and interested hope, 1017 b, 1033; object of, 1018; excellence of, 1027; comparison with faith, 1029; with charity, 1030; pseudo-hope (egotistical, Epicurean, and utilitarian), 1032; hope overcomes spiritual discouragement and aridity, 1034; means for growth in hope, 1035; subject of hope, 1036; certainty of, 1040; perfected by Fear of the Lord (q.v.), 1041; sins against hope, 1059; despair (q.v.), 1061; spiritual desolations, 1064; pusillanimity and spiritual sloth, 1064; presumption (q.v.), 1075; commandments of hope, 1092; acts of hope obligatory, 1093; unlawful to surrender beatitude, 1094; when the commandment of hope obliges, 1095.
Ignorance, various kinds, 24; concomitant, consequent and antecedent, 26, 29; vincible and invincible, 27, 30; influence on voluntariness of acts, 28; effect on sin, 249; invincible, in relation to Natural Law, 320; of Christian Law, possibility of, 356; confessors should examine penitents who show signs of ignorance, 924.
Impurity, definition, 2492; sensuality, luxury and curiosity, 2492; kinds of impurity, 2493 a; gravity of sin, 2494 a; one of the capital vices, 2494 c; evil fruits of impurity, 2495; when venial and mortal, 2496 a; when directly willed, 2496 b; when indirectly willed, 2496 c; temptations to impurity, 2497; resistance to internal temptations, 2498; what opposition to temptation is sufficient, 2499; insufficient, harmful and unnecessary opposition, 2500; weapons against carnal temptations, 2501; sinfulness of negligence in resisting temptations, 2502; non-consummated sins of impurity, 2504; impure thoughts, 2505; malice of impure thoughts, 2506 a; impure rejoicing, 2507; impure desires, 2508; malice of impure desires, 2509; sins of lewdness, 2510; consummated sins of impurity, 2520; comparative malice of the sins of consummated lust, 2521 a; multiplication of sins of lust, 2522; fornication, 2523; incest, 2532; carnal sacrilege, 2533; unnatural lust, 2534; pollution, 2535; non-sinful pollution, 2536; unimputable pollution, 2537; proximate and remote occasions of pollution, 2538; theological malice of sinful pollution, 2539; moral species of sinful pollution, 2541; canonical penalties for immorality, 2542.
Injustice, definition, 1719; species of legal and particular injustice, 1720; theological species of legal and particular injustice, 1721; when injury to private or public right is mortal sin, 1722 a; moral species of injustice, 1723; profitable and unprofitable injustice, 1724 c; when injury is no injustice, 1725; internal injustice, 1726; distributive injustice alone does not oblige to restitution, 1754; cooperators in injustice and restitution, 1778; mandator of act of injustice, 1779 a; advisor of act of injustice, 1779 b; protector in act of injustice, 1779 d; consenter in act of injustice, 1779 e; partaker in injustice, 1779 f; sin of injustice, 1866; judicial injustice, 1939; principal sins of verbal injustice, 2009.
Judge, office of, 1940; qualifications, 1943; conduct, 1944; accepting gifts from litigants, 1945; obligation to restore bribes, etc., 1946; duties during a trial, 1947; duties on conclusion of a trial, 1948; obligation in connection with a law manifestly unjust, 1949; Catholic judge and degrees of divorce, 1950; obligation when evidence is contrary to his personal knowledge, 1951; when judge is unjust cause of damaging evidence, 1952; obligation in doubtful criminal cases, 1955; obligation in doubtful civil cases, 1956; standard by which he should weigh evidence, 1958; when a judge is bound to restitution, 1962; when he is not bound to restitution, 1963; right to question prisoner about his guilt, 1979; judges who pass death sentence become irregular by Canon Law, 1825.
Judgment, Rash, 1731 b; sinfulness of rash judgment, 1734; rules on perfect advertence to rashness of judgment, 1736; rules on insufficiency of reasons for unfavorable judgments, 1737; rules on gravity of matter in rash judgments, 1738; moral species of the sin of rash judgment, 1739; chief reasons for rash conclusions about character of others, 1742; rash doubts, 1743.
Justice, 150; golden mean in, 154 a, 157 b; precedence over charity, 291 b; compared with other virtues, 1714; private justice, 1715 b; legal justice, 1715 a; justice superior to courage, 1716 a; superior to liberality, 1716 b; regarded by some as inferior to virtue of religion and mercy, 1718 a; justice demands proper motives in those who seek or pass judgment, 1728 a; legal justice distinct from distributive and commutative, 1745 a; distributive justice, 1745 b; commutative justice, 1745 c; resemblance between distributive and commutative justice, 1746; special differences between distributive and commutative justice, 1747; commutations of commutative justice, 1748; equality sought by commutative justice, 1750; distributive justice and violation of individual rights, 1755; commutative justice and violation of individual rights, 1756; vice opposed to distributive justice, 1804; distributive injustice frequently accompanied by commutative injustice, 1808; vices against commutative justice, 1815; legal justice, classes of courts, 1941; jurisdiction of, 9, 1942; quasi-integral parts of justice, 2139; potential parts of justice, 2141; degrees of moral debt, 2143; necessary qualities of lawful oath, 2249 c; complements of justice, 2433; Beatitudes that correspond to justice, 2433 b; Fruits of the Holy Ghost that correspond to justice, 2433 c; commandments of justice, 2434; justice, a duty of superior, 2635 b.
Law, Christian, comparison with Mosaic Law, 346; as regards their aims, 347; as regards their precepts, 348; as regards their difficulty of observance, 349; as regards external and internal works, 350, 351; moral, ceremonial and judicial precepts of New Testament, 352; duration of, 354; subjects of, 355; ignorance of, 356; dispensation from, 357; interpretation of, 358, 359; when observance of law is impossible, 360, 361; Counsels of (q.v.), 364; the three chief Counsels, 369.
Law, Civil, 542; persons in whom legislative authority is vested, 543; acceptance by people not necessary for obligation of law in itself, 544; obligation of laws made by one without authority, 545; subject-matter, 546; relation to natural law, 547; relation to divine and ecclesiastical law, 548; and human rights and liberties, 549; persons subject to, 550; obligation of, 551; when penalty is incurred before sentence, 552; special kinds, 557; laws that determine ownership, 557; irritant or voiding laws, 558; four kinds of laws with reference to penalty, 561; moral obligation, 561.
Law, Ecclesiastical, precedence over civil, 290, 418; charter of, 418; character of, 419; general law of Church, 420; effects of Code on liturgical and disciplinary laws and customs, 421; rules governing interpretation of Code, 422; lawgivers in Church, 423, 429; subject-matter of Church Law, 425; kinds of acts governed by Church Law, 426; persons bound by general laws, 427; persons bound by particular laws, 435; promulgation, 447; acceptance of, 448; irritant laws, 450; effects of ignorance, force or fear on acts irritated by law, 456; when an irritant law ceases to bind, 457; obligation of law based on presumption of common danger, 460; obligation of law based on presumption of particular fact, 461; personal, minute, partial and simultaneous fulfillment of laws, 462; time of fulfillment, 468; unwilling fulfillment, 476; intention required in fulfillment, 477; virtuous dispositions in fulfillment, 480; interpretation of, 483; cessation of obligation, 487; exemption from, 488; ignorance and impossibility as excuses for non-observance, 489; cessation of, 500; use of epieikeia in determining obligation, 503.
Law, Mosaic, began with promise to Abraham, 332 a; promulgation, 332 b; excellence, 333; subjects of, 334; duration of obligation, 335; precepts, ceremonies and judgments, 336; ceremonial laws, 340; sacred times and places, sacraments and customs, 340; four periods of ceremonial law, 342; four kinds of judgments or judicial laws, 343, 345; comparison with Christian Law, 346.
Law, Natural, precedence over positive, 289; definition, 295; relation to other laws, 296; division, 297; common and proper, 297 b; primary and secondary, 298; first principle and secondary principles, 300 a; precepts (axiomatic and inferred, general and particular), 300, 301; necessary and contingent laws, 302; absolute and relative laws, 303; properties of, 305; of universal obligation, 306; unchangeable, 307; possibility of dispensation from, 309, 314; possibility of modification, 313; when observance is physically or morally impossible, 317, 318; promulgated by light of reason, 319; ineradicable from human heart, 324; wrong applications of, 326.
Laws, Human, 370; definition, 370; divisions, 371; qualities, 372; should not prescribe what is too difficult, 372; obligation, 375; necessity, 375; when unjust, 376; obedience to unjust laws not obligatory, 377; degrees of obligation, 373; interpretation, 385, 386; epieikeia, 385; those subject to law, 387, 388; change of, 389; constitutional law, 390; effects of custom on law, 391; dispensation from, 401.
Lawyer, general duties, 1995; qualifications, 1996; duties in introducing case, 1997, 1998, 1999; duty when cause is unjust, 2000; duties when justice of cause is doubtful, 2001; duty when he discovers case is really unjust, 2003; duties towards client, 2004; duties toward other parties, 2005; concealment of truth in presenting case, 2006; sinfulness of introducing false or corrupted documents, 2007; when bound to restitution, 2008.
Lewdness, definition, 2510; propriety of external acts, 2512; morality of kissing and similar acts, 2513; morality of sensual gratification, 2514; theological species of the sin of lewdness, 2515; circumstances that increase or lessen the danger of sin, 2517; cases wherein the danger of sin is grave or slight, 2518; lewd books, 2518 b; lewdness in speech, 2518 a; in reading, 2518 b; in looks, 2518 c; in touches, 2518 d; moral species of lewdness, 2519 a.
Lying, definition, 2389; misunderstanding a form of lying, 2390 a; misinterpretation a form of lying, 2390 b; divisions of lies, 2391; hypocrisy, 2391 b; simulation, 2301 b; misrepresentation and deceit, 2391 b; classification of lies, 2392; lies of inclination, 2392 b; pernicious lies, 2392 b; motives for lying, 2393; jocose lie, 2392 a; officious lie, 2392 a; comparison of gravity of various lies, 2394; sinfulness of all lies, 2395; when lying entails no formal sin, 2396; pernicious lies, 2397; concealment of the truth, 2398; mental reservation, 2399; morality of strict mental reservation, 2400; morality of broad mental reservation, 2400 b; when broad mental reservation is lawful, 2401; ambiguous answers, 2402; simulation or pretence, 2403; sinfulness of simulation, 2404.
Mass, Sacrifice of the, 2709; obligation of saying Mass, 2710; dispositions for the celebration of Mass, 2711; confession before Mass, 2711 a; distractions during the Canon, 2711 b; preparation and thanksgiving before Mass, 2711 a; Eucharistic or natural fast, 2711 b; rubrical vestments, 2711 b; time of Mass, 2712 a; place, 2712 b; rites, 2712 c; when it is lawful to discontinue Mass, 2713; application of the Mass, 2714; obligation of pastors to say Mass for flocks, 2714 a; obligation of Mass stipends, 2714 b; persons for whom Mass may be applied, 2715; how Mass must be applied, 2715 b; lawfulness of Mass stipends, 2716.
Matrimony, Sacrament of, first blessing of marriage (offspring), 2613 a; second blessing of marriage (fidelity), 2613 b; third blessing of marriage (sacrament), 2613 c; obligation of paying the conjugal debt, 2614; absence of obligation, 2615; suspension of obligation, 2616; obligation of requesting conjugal intercourse, 2617; morality of venereal acts of marriage, 2618; unnatural consummated acts, 2618 c; artificial fecundation, 2618 c; rectal copulation, 2618 c; contraception, 2620; contraception an injury to God, 2620 a; an injury to society, 2620 b; an injury to the family, 2620 c; an injury to the individual, 2620 d; arguments of Neo-Malthusians and other advocates of contraception, 2621; is birth-control ever lawful?, 2622; cooperatio uxoris ad onanismum vel contraceptionem, 2623; recapitulatio de licitis et illicitis in conjugio, 2624; marriage as a Sacrament, 2626; reasons that justify separation, 2626 a; husband superior to wife in authority, 2626 b; husband has duty of providing for wife, 2626 c; no obligation for individual to marry, 2627 a; unity of marriage its first property, 2787 d; indissolubility of marriage its second property, 2787 e; Pauline Privilege, 2787 e; dissolution, 2787 e; divorce under Mosaic Law, 2787 e; marriages of infidels, 2787 e; true, presumed, putative and attempted marriage, 2788 a; legitimate, ratified, consummated marriage, 2788 b; clandestine, secret, public marriage, 2788 c; marriage of conscience, 2788 c; marriage is canonical or civil, 2788 d; elements of contract of marriage, 2789 a; ends of contract, 2789 b; essence of contract is the consent, 2789 c; valid consent, 2790; defects in consent, 2791; mental derangement as defect, 2791 a; ignorance as defect, 2791 b; error as defect, 2791 c; effect of forced consent on validity, 2792 a; effect of forced consent on lawfulness, 2792 b; conditional consent, 2793; elements of marriage as Sacrament, 2794; ministers and recipients of Matrimony, 2794 b; effects of Matrimony, 2794 c; duties in connection with marriage, 2795; obligation of betrothal or engagement, 2796; is engagement necessary before marriage?, 2798; duties to parents or guardians in reference to marriage, 2799; duties of parents in reference to marriage, 2800; obstacles to marriage, 2801; duty to make known impediment to marriage, 2801 c; duties of pastor in examination of engaged persons, 2802; special proofs of freedom to marry, 2803; proof of Baptism, 2803 a; proof of single state, 2803 b; matrimonial impediments, 2804; sinfulness of marrying with an impediment, 2805; impedient or prohibitive impediments, 2806; vow as impediment, 2806 a; impediment of legal relationship, 2806 b; impediment of mixed religion, 2806 e; duties of pastor and parties in connection with mixed marriages, 2807; valid engagement forbids marriage with third party, 2809 a; special prohibition of particular marriage by the Church, 2809 b; closed times, 2809 e; diriment impediments to marriage, 2810; absolute diriment impediments, 2811; impediment of age, 2813; impediment of impotency, 2814; impediment of bond, 2816; impediment of difference of religion, 2817; impediment of kinship, 2818; consanguinity, 2818 a; affinity, 2818 b; public decency, 2818 c; spiritual relationship, 2818 d; legal relationship, 2818 e; matrimonial impediments produced through misdeeds, 2819; impediment of abduction, 2819 a; impediment of crime, 2819 b; duties of pastor after inquiry about impediments, 2820; dispensation, 2820 a; publications of banns of marriage, 2820 b; duties of pastor after examination and proclamation, 2821; duties of pastor as regards religious instruction of engaged couple, 2822; pastor and duties of engaged couple, 2823; pastor’s duties to parents, 2823 a; pastor’s duties to civil law, 2823 b; opposition of parents to marriage, 2824; religious duties of parties before marriage, 2825; confession, 2825 a; Communion, 2825 b; celebration of marriage, 2826; requisites for validity, 2826 a; requisites for lawfulness, 2826 b; rite of Matrimony, 2827; Nuptial Blessing and Nuptial Mass, 2827 b; cooperation in unworthy marriage, 2828; registration of marriages, 2829; when impediment is discovered after marriage, 2830; lawfulness of divorce and separation, 2831.
Mercy, result of charity, 1193; definition, 1193 c; natural and supernatural, 1205; causes of unmerciful spirit, 1206; mercy compared with other moral virtues, 1207; compared with charity, 1208; obligation, 1209; seven corporal works of mercy, 1221; seven spiritual works, 1222, 1223; regarded by some as superior to justice, 1717 b.
Modesty, Fruit of the Holy Ghost, 163; of bearing and living potential part of temperance, 2465 e; definition of modesty, 2565; modest behavior or decorum, 2566 a; vices opposed to modesty, 2566 b; modesty in style of living and dress, 2569 a; morality of self-beautification, 2570; fruit of the Fear of the Lord, 2571 c.
Moral Theology, objects, 4; medium, 4; sources, 6; use of natural reason, philosophy and natural sciences in, 11, 12; Positive, Scholastic and Casuistic Methods, 13; history of, 15; Patristic Period, 15 a; Medieval Period, 15 b; Modern, 15 c; division and order of parts, 17; General and Special, 18.
Oaths, moral effects of accidentals added to contracts, 1886 b; definition of an oath, 2245; assertory or promissory oaths, 2246 a; comminatory or confirmatory oaths, 2246 a; contestatory or execratory oaths, 2246 b; explicit or implicit oaths, 2246 b; solemn or simple, judicial or extrajudicial oaths, 2246 d; moral difference between various kinds of oaths, 2247; lawfulness of oaths, 2248; necessary qualities of a lawful oath, 2249; sinful oaths, 2250; incautious oath, 2250 a; perjured oaths, 2250 b; wicked oaths, 2250 c; mental reservation in oaths, 2251; cooperation in sinful oaths, 2252; sinful oaths demanded or accepted by private persons, 2253; fictitious oaths, 2254; obligation imposed by promissory oath, 2256; obligation imposed by negative oath, 2257; obligation of oath is personal, 2258; interpretation of promissory oath, 2259; kind of obligation produced by a valid promissory oath, 2260; cessation of obligation of promissory oath, 2262.
Obedience, definition of virtue, 2355; power of jurisdiction and dominative power, 2356; degrees of obedience, 2357; comparison of obedience with other virtues, 2358; comparison of acts of obedience, 2359; duty of obedience, 2360; when obedience is not lawful or obligatory, 2361; internal actions and human superiors, 2363; obligation of vow of obedience, 2364; sins against obedience, 2365; definition of disobedience, 2366; kinds of disobedience, 2367; theological sinfulness of formal disobedience, 2369; moral species of disobedience, 2370; circumstances that aggravate formal disobedience, 2371; comparison of formal disobedience with other sins, 2372; vow and virtue of obedience, 2612 c; obedience due to superiors, 2636 b.
Orders, Holy, Sacrament of, 2777; distinction of the Orders, 2778; Major and Minor Orders, 2778 b; hierarchy of Orders, 2779 a; hierarchy of jurisdiction, 2779 b; matter and form of the various Orders in the Latin Church, 2780; episcopal consecration, 2780 a; minister of ordination, 2781; special duties of minister, 2782; recipient of Orders, 2783; conditions for validity of reception, 2783 a; conditions for lawfulness of reception, 2783 b; canonical requirements for ordination, 2784; irregularities, 2784 b; simple impediments, 2784 b; irregularities from defect or delinquency, 2784 b; duties of ordinandi according to Canon Law, 2785 a; registration of ordinations, 2786; ordination of acolyte, 2780 a; ordination of exorcist, 2780 a; ordination of porter, 2780 a; ordination of reader, 2780 a; ordination of subdeacon, 2780 b; ordination of deacon, 2780 c; ordination of priest, 2780 d.
Participation of Catholics in Non-Catholic Services, 961, 963; active and passive participation, 962, 973; simulated active assistance, 965; cases of communication in false worship, 967; cases where a communication in another Catholic Rite is allowed, 970; participation in non-sacramental rites, 971; participation in religious places, times and objects, 972.
Passions, definition, 45, 116; definition, 117; concupiscible, 118, 119; irascible, 118, 120; moral value of, 121; physical, mental and moral dangers of, 126; antecedent or involuntary (first motions of the soul), 129; consequent or voluntary (second motions of the soul), 129; inhibition of, 131; important influence of habits on, 140.
Pastor, duty to give Sacraments, 2676 a; duties in reference to Baptism, 2688; to Confirmation, 2698; to Communion, 2707 c; to worship, 2708 c; to celebration of Mass, 2710 b; to application of Mass pro populo, 2714 a; jurisdiction for confession, 2751 a; on reserved cases, 2754 b; duty to hear confessions, 2756 b; to give Extreme Unction, 2775 c; rank among the clergy, 2779 b; duties in reference to marriage, 2802, 2807, 2808, 2820, 2826, 2829.
Peace, Fruit of the Holy Ghost, 163; as effect of charity, 1195; reconciliation with God, 1196; reconciliation with enemies, 1196; reconciliation with enemies demanded by charity, 1198; what duty of reconciliation demands, 1199; what this duty necessitates, 1199; person who should make the first advances, 1202; manner and time of seeking reconciliation, 1203, 1204; sins against peace, 1347.
Penance, Sacrament of, 2727; remote matter, 2727 a; proximate matter, 2727 b; form of, 2727 c; subject of, 2727 d; Probabilism in administration of Sacrament, 2728; contrition the first act of the penitent, 2729; valid and fruitful reception of the Sacrament of Penance, 2734; resolution of amendment, 2736; confession, second act of penitent, 2737; qualities of confession, 2738; gravity of lying to confessor, 2739; integral confession, 2740; material and formal completeness, 2740 a; moral species of sin must be confessed, 2741 a; number of sins must be given, 2741 b; circumstances that change the species must be declared, 2741 c; external act that completed an internal sin must be declared, 2741 d; circumstances that notably aggravate a sin without changing its species, 2742 a; external effects of a sin must be confessed, 2742 b; uncertain sins must be confessed, 2742 c; when material integrity is not necessary, 2743; completion or repetition of past incomplete Confessions, 2744; when a general Confession should be made, 2744 c; satisfaction, the third act of the penitent, 2745; effects of actual satisfaction, 2746; conditions for effective satisfaction, 2747; obligation of accepting and performing a penance, 2748; causes that excuse from a penance imposed, 2749; requirements in the minister for valid absolution, 2750; power of jurisdiction, 2751; when the Church supplies jurisdiction (cases of common error and of uncertainty of law or fact), 2752; limitation of jurisdiction, 2753; reserved sins, 2753 a; reserved persons, 2753 b; absolution from reserved cases, 2754; absolution given by one not possessed of jurisdiction, 2755; duties of confessor before confession, 2756; duties of confessor as judge in hearing the case, 2757; duties of confessor in deciding about cases, 2758; duties of confessor in passing sentence, 2759; penitents to whom absolution should be denied, 2760; backsliders (recidivists), 2760 c; obligation, quality and quantity of sacramental penance, 2761; duties of the confessor as spiritual physician, 2762; duties of the confessor as teacher and guide, 2763; spiritual direction, 2764 b; duties of the confessor after confession, 2764; Probabilism or epieikeia may not be applied to sacramental seal, 2764 a; attitude of confessor to tempted and afflicted, 2762 b; attitude to scrupulous, 2762 b; treatment of sick and dying, 2762 b; attitude towards the pious, 2762 b; attitude towards the hardened sinner, 2762 b; manner of repairing defects made in hearing a confession, 2765; excuses from duty of repairing mistakes, 2766; obligation of seal of confession, 2767; sins against the seal of confession, 2768; special abuses to which confession is exposed, 2769; danger of defamation, 2769 a; danger of impurity, 2769 b; absolutio complicis, 2770; effectus legis de absolutione complicis, 2771; sollicitatio in confessione, 2772; denuntiatio sollicitantis, 2773.
Piety, Gift of the Holy Ghost, 160 b; a potential part of justice, 2142 b; various senses of, 2345; definition of virtue of piety, 2346; reverence required by piety, 2347; assistance required by piety, 2348; sins against piety, 2349; malice of sins against piety, 2350; Gift of Piety directed to Our Father in Heaven, 2433 a.
Prayer, definition, 2153; the psychology of prayer, 2154; the necessity of prayer, 2155; a duty for all adults, 2156; times and frequency of prayer, 2157; corollaries about prayer and confession, 2158; to whom prayer may be offered, 2159; persons for whom prayer is offered, 2160; things that may be prayed for, 2161; qualities of prayer, 2162; confidence requisite for successful prayer, 2163; attention and intention in prayer, 2164; actual, virtual and habitual intention in prayer, 2165 a; internal or external, verbal or superficial, literal, spiritual, perfect or imperfect attention in prayer, 2166; acts that exclude external attention, 2167; when external attention is sufficient, 2168; kind of internal attention required in prayer, 2169; distractions in prayer, 2170; voluntary and involuntary distractions, 2171; sinfulness of distraction in prayer, 2172; distractions during Divine Office, 2174.
Precepts of the Church, First derived from natural and divine as well as ecclesiastical law, 2575 a; affirmative and negative parts of First Precept, 2576; how Mass must be heard, 2577; external and bodily assistance, 2577 a; internal or mental assistance requires actual or virtual intention of will, 2577 b; the necessary attention, 2577 b; time and place of Mass, 2578; servile works, 2579; forensic and commercial labors forbidden, 2579 b; liberal works tolerated, 2580 b; definition of common works, 2581 a; doubtful works, 2581 b; lawfulness of hiring non-Catholics to do servile work, 2582; obligation of First Precept, 2583; excuses from observance of First Precept, 2584; scope of Second Precept, 2586; definition of flesh meat, 2586 a; broth and condiments, 2586 c; obligation of Second Precept, 2587; exceptions to the obligation, 2587 c; the obligation of fasting, 2588; scope of Third Precept, 2590; subject and matter of Third Precept, 2590 a; time for fulfillment of Third Precept, 2590; origin and gravity of Third Precept, 2591; scope of Fourth Precept, 2592; origin and gravity of Fourth Precept, 2593 a; Fifth Precept, 2594; Sixth Precept of the Church, 2594.
Presumption, sin of, 1075; definition, 1078; objects of, 1079; comparison with temptation of God and blasphemous hope, 1081; malice of, 1082; gravity compared with other sins, 1083; presumption and unbelief, 1084; presumption takes away virtue of hope, 1085; causes of, 1091; vice against greatness of soul, 2450 a.
Prudence, 146, 150; ranked first among cardinal virtues, 1626; definition of prudence, 1627; one of the two practical virtues of intellect, 1627 a; inferior to the Gift of Wisdom, 1627 b; objects of act of prudence, 1628 a; prudence concerned with application of truths and first principles of morality to contingent and particular cases, 1628 b; formal object of prudence, 1629 a; material object, 1629 a; prudence needs certitude, 1630; relation of prudence to the other moral virtues, 1631 a; prudence rules the inferior virtues and serves the superior, 1632; prudence and the intellectual virtues, 1632 a; prudence and the theological virtues, 1632 b; the exercise of prudence, 1633; the three acts of prudence, deliberation, decision, direction, 1633; qualities of prudence, 1634; moral, integral, subjective, potestative parts of prudence, 1635, 1636; integral parts of prudence, 1637; prudence knows how to reason correctly, 1638 a; subjective parts of prudence, 1639; individual prudence, 1639 a, 1644 a; social prudence, 1639 b; political prudence, 1640 a, 1644 c, 1648; domestic prudence, 1640 b, 1644 b, 1650; governmental prudence, 1642 a; military prudence, 1642 b, 1644 d; utility of prudence for society, 1643; potential parts of prudence, 1646; persons who possess prudence, 1648; evil prudence, 1651 a; imperfect prudence, 1651; indifferent prudence, 1651 b; good prudence, 1651 c; infused prudence, 1654 a; prudence in young people, 1655 a; formed habit of prudence, 1655 a; prudence a duty of superior, 2635 a; formative prudence, 1655 b.
Religion, Virtue of, regarded by some as superior to justice, 1717 a; a potential part of justice, 2142 a; definition of the virtue, 2145; religion as a moral virtue, 2146; superiority of religion as a virtue, 2147; necessity of the acts of religion, 2148; internal acts of religion, 2149; definition of devotion, 2150; external and internal causes of devotion, 2152; external acts of religion, 2175; definition of adoration, 2176; difference between latria and hyperdulia and dulia, 2671 b; difference between latria and civil homage, 2176 b; unity and variety of adoration, 2177; definition of sacrifice, 2178; essentials of sacrifice, 2179; obligation of sacrifice, 2180; exemptions from sacrifice based on the natural law, 2181; sacrifice compared with the other acts of religion, 2182; goods unsuitable as offerings to God, 2184; contributions to religion, 2185; obligation of contributing to the support of the clergy, 2186; quality of the obligation of contributing to the Church, 2188; priest’s attitude towards persons refusing to contribute, 2189; those to whom religious contributions are due, 2190; external acts of religion in honor of God, 2244.
Religion, Sins against, 2273; superstition, 2274; false worship, 2274 a; superfluous worship, 2274 b; sinfulness of improper worship of God, 2275; worship of false deity, 2276; definition of idolatry, 2277; kinds of idolatry, 2278; sinfulness of idolatry, 2279; comparison of different sins of idolatry, 2280; idolatry possible in Christian worship, 2281; definition of divination, 2282; distinction between the fact and sin of divination, 2283; forms of explicit invocation, 2284; forms of implicit invocation, 2285; malice of the sin of divination, 2286; when knowledge is obtained from God, 2287; when knowledge is obtained through natural causes, 2288; use of lots, 2289; vain observance, 2290; forms of vain observance, 2291; distinction between fact and sin of vain observance, 2293; superstition in religious observances, 2294; sinfulness of vain observance, 2295; cooperation in divination or other form of superstition, 2296; doubtful cases of vain observance, 2297; licitness of using doubtfully superstitious means, 2298; irreligiousness, 2299; temptation of God, 2300; cases wherein there is no temptation of God, 2301; kinds of temptation of God, 2302; causes that exclude the interpretative temptation of God, 2303; refusal of medicine or hygienic care, 2304; sinfulness of temptation of God, 2305; malice of temptation of God, 2306.
Reputation, when charity requires one to seek good reputation, 1575; when sacrifice of reputation is lawful and unlawful, 1576; when self-detraction is lawful, 1577; definition of good, true, false, ordinary and extraordinary reputation, 2034 a; right to good reputation, 2035; right to true and false reputation, 2037; meaning of the expression “infamous in a certain place,”, 2051; rights that have precedence over a false reputation, 2068; unlawful attack on another’s false reputation, 2069; conditions that justify revelation of another’s defects, 2070; revelations about public officials or candidates for public office, 2071.
Restitution, distinct from payment, restoration and satisfaction, 1751; difference between satisfaction and restitution, 1752; when restitution is due, 1753; confessor’s duties regarding the obligation of restitution, 1760; roots of restitution, 1762; when unjust damage obliges to restitution, 1763; restitution for damages that are only venially sinful but seriously harmful, 1765; for damages only juridically culpable, 1766; for careless discharge of fiduciary duties, 1768; restitution when culpability seems doubtful, 1769; cooperators and restitution, 1778; circumstances of restitution, 1781; restitution in solidum or pro rata, 1783; order of restitution among cooperators, 1784; person to whom restitution must be made, 1786; creditors with right in re have preference over creditors with right ad rem, 1787; “thing” to be restored, 1789; “amount” of restitution in certain cases, 1790; “manner” of making restitution, 1791; second restitution, 1792; “time” when restitution must be made, 1793; unjust refusal to make restitution, 1794; “place” where restitution must be made, 1795, 1796; causes that excuse temporarily from restitution, 1797; causes that excuse permanently from restitution, 1798; excuse from restitution on account of doubtfulness of obligation, 1800; restitution for frustration of another’s good, 1802 a; restitution for injury done to goods of fortune, 1802 b; restitution for injury done to goods of body or personal goods, 1802 c; restitution for unjust homicide or mutilation, 1803; restitution for fornication or adultery, 1803 b; restitution for injuries of soul, 1803 c; restitution for occupied goods, 1922; restitution of bribes, etc., 1946 c; restitution for jail-breaking, 1983; obligation of witness to make restitution, 1992; when a lawyer is bound to restitution, 2008; restitution for contumely, 2021; cessation of obligation of restitution for contumely, 2026; restitution for defamation, 2085; restitution of temporal price received for spiritual thing, 2340; restitution of temporal price received for temporal things annexed to spirituals, 2341; circumstances of restitution for simony, 2342; restitution of spiritual thing simoniacally received, 2343; restitution necessitated by breach of promise to marry, 2628 d.
Sacraments, of Old Testament, 339; denial of Christian Sacraments in cases of scandal, 1493; nature of Sacrament, 2654; outward sign, 2654 a; instituter of Sacraments, 2654 b; purpose of Sacraments, 2654 c; Sacraments of the Dead and of the Living, 2654 c; indelible character of some Sacraments, 2654 c; matter and form of the Sacraments, 2655; substantial changes in matter or form, 2655 a; substantial separations of matter and form, 2655 b; simultaneity of matter and form, 2656; accidental changes or separations of matter and form, 2658; substantial changes or separations, 2659; doubtful matter, 2660; Sacraments that have a necessity of means, 2661; reception of Sacraments in re or in voto, 2662; Sacraments that have a necessity of precept, 2663; twofold ministry of the Sacraments (production and bestowal), 2664; requirements in the minister for valid performance of Sacrament, 2665; necessary intention, 2666; virtual, actual, habitual and interpretative intention, 2666 b; rules on plurality of intentions, 2667; requisites for use of conditional intention, 2668; lawful administration of Sacraments, 2669; minister’s worthiness before God, 2669 a; minister’s worthiness before Church, 2669 b; worthiness of ministration, 2669 c; directive and preceptive rubrics, 2669 c; explanation of ceremonies advised, 2669 c; multiplication of sins by unworthy administration, 2670; requirements for valid Sacrament in recipient, 2671; qualities of recipient’s intention, 2672; neutral intention, 2672 b; when virtual intention is necessary, 2673; when habitual and explicit intention suffices, 2674 b; when habitual and implicit intention suffices, 2674 b; requirements for lawful or fruitful reception of Sacrament by adult, 2675; obligation of minister to confer Sacraments, 2676; obligation of pastor to confer Sacraments, 2676 a; when minister is bound to deny them, 2677; administration to unworthy persons, 2678; simulation and dissimulation of Sacrament, 2680; administration of Penance and Extreme Unction to heretics and schismatics, 2681; repetition of Sacrament on account of invalid administration, 2682; reception of Sacrament from unworthy minister, 2683; forgiveness of sin through use of Sacraments, 2726.
Sacrilege, definition, 2308; violation of what kind of consecration involves sacrilege?, 2309; is sacrilege a special sin?, 2310; species of sacrilege, 2311; personal sacrilege, 2311 a; local sacrilege, 2311 b; desecration, a form of sacrilege, 2311 b; profanation, a form of sacrilege, 2311 b; real sacrilege, 2311 c; special cases regarding local sacrilege, 2312; cases wherein there is no sacrilege, 2313; sacredness as aggravating circumstance of sin, 2314; malice of sacrilege, 2315; conditions that govern gravity of sacrilege, 2316; carnal sacrilege, 2533; personal sacrilege, 2533 c; local sacrilege, 2533 d; real sacrilege, 2533 e.
Scandal, various uses of word, 1445, 1446; definition, 1447; causes of, 1448; directly intentional (diabolical) and indirectly intentional, 1450; active and passive, 1453; acts that give scandal, 1454; obscenity (q.v.), 1455; results of scandal, 1459; scandal resembles solicitation and complicity, 1460; persons apt to be scandalized, 1461; scandal given and scandal taken, 1464; Pharisaic scandal and “scandal of little ones,”, 1464 b; sinfulness, 1465; is scandal a distinct species of sin?, 1466; how scandal should be confessed, 1467; responsibility of scandalizer for injuries to third parties, 1470, 1471; gravity of sin, 1472; is any person immune from scandal?, 1475; duty of avoiding, 1477; scandal of the weak forbidden by the natural law, 1479; surrender of temporal goods to avoid scandal, 1483; surrender of Church goods to avoid scandal, 1486, 1487; duty of repairing scandal, 1488; ways of repairing, 1489; public and private scandal, 1490 a; ordinary and extraordinary, 1490 b; denial of Sacraments in cases of scandal, 1493; prohibition against, 1552.
Schism, books in favor of, forbidden, 855 b; definition, 1364; principal schismatic movements, 1365; directly and indirectly voluntary schism, 1366; schism committed in two ways, 1368; three ways of rejecting decisions of Pope, 1369; schism compared with heresy, 1370; opposition between schism and charity, 1371; greatest sin against neighbor, 1372 a; not so serious as unbelief, 1372 b; formal and material schism, 1373.
Secret, violation of (infidelity), 2407; definition of a secret, 2408; natural, promised, entrusted or committed secret, 2408; sinfulness of violating secret, 2409; prying into others’ secrets, 2410; reading another’s letters or papers, 2411; lawfulness of utilizing knowledge of secret, 2412; sin committed by stealing or unduly using secret of another, 2413; obligation of keeping secret, 2414; comparison of secrets as regards binding force, 2415; cases wherein it is not necessary to keep secret, 2416; cases wherein it is not lawful to keep secret, 2417; lawfulness of revealing secret learned by stealth or force, 2420.
Self-Defense, Right of, 1826; conditions for exercise of this right, 1826 a; self-defense must be moderate, 1833; when it is obligatory, 1836; when it is not obligatory, 1837; defense of neighbor’s life against unjust aggressor, 1838; defense of material goods against unjust aggressor, 1840; defense of bodily purity against an unjust aggressor, 1841; defense of bodily integrity against an unjust aggrossor, 1842; defense of honor or reputation, 1843.
Self-Love, commandment of, 1561; understood in many senses, 1561; sinful, natural and supernatural, 1136; charity demands an elicited supernatural self-love, 1562; demands pursuit of all goods necessary for attainment of happiness, 1563; care of the mind, 1564; neglect of education sinful, 1565; care of the body and health, 1566; care as to food and drink, 1567; fresh air, rest, physical exercise, 1568, 1573; pursuit of honors and good name, 1574, 1575; when self-detraction is lawful, 1577; dislike of self, 1305, 1307; may one wish evil to self?, 1308.
Simony, 2335; origin of name, 2317; definition, 2318; temporal price in simony, 2319; spiritual thing in simony, 2320; temporal thing united with spiritual, 2321; temporal thing annexed to spiritual, 2322; various kinds of simony, 2323; confidential simony, 2324; simony against divine law, 2325; rules of Alexander III for determining simony, 2327; simony against divine law in reference to things annexed to spirituals, 2328; simony against ecclesiastical law, 2329; certain and uncertain simony, 2330; doubtful cases of simony, 2331; cases in which transaction is not simoniacal, 2332; moral malice of simony, 2336; invalidity and penalties of simoniacal contracts, 2337; canonical penalties for simony, 2338; influence of simony on spiritual effects, 2339; restitution of temporal price received for spiritual thing, 2340; restitution of temporal price received for temporal things annexed to spirituals, 2341; circumstances of restitution for simony, 2342; restitution of spiritual thing simoniacally received, 2343.
Sin, definition, 167; spiritual and carnal, 168 a, 224; against God, neighbor or self, 168; mortal and venial, 168 c, 169; of commission or omission, 168 d; stages of (heart, mouth, work), 168 e; by excess or defect, 168 f; original and actual, 168; when matter of sin is grave, 171, 172; advertence and consent conditions of mortal sin, 174; mortal, condition of, 169; venial, definition, 180; conditions, 181; when imperfections become a sin, 186; when venial sin becomes mortal, 187, 189; coalescence of, 189; multiplication of, 190; possible effect of wrong purpose, circumstances and harm foreseen, 191; when mortal sin becomes venial, 194; causes of sin, 246; effect of ignorance, passion and malice on, 249; external causes of, 252; distinct from temptation, 253; proximate and remote danger of, 258; possibility of, 259; guilt of one who exposes himself to sin, 2150; occasions of (proximate or remote, necessary or free, present or absent), 263; motives of, 268; results and penalties of, 272; original and actual, 272; stain of, 276; every sin removed by repentance, 2725 a; forgiveness of sin through the use of the Sacraments, 2726.
Sins, theological and moral species, 197; specific distinction, 198; numerical multiplication, 197, 202; rules of numerical distinction, 207; comparison of, 220; sins against God, 227; against creatures, 228; subjects of (sensitive appetites, reason, will), 230; sins of sensuality, 232; sins of thought, 233; sins of desire, 237; material (or objective) and formal (or subjective), 248; sins of weakness, ignorance and malice, 250.
Suicide, books in favor of, forbidden, 855 b; voluntary and involuntary, direct and indirect, 1852 a; sinfulness of suicide, 1854; cooperation in suicide, 1855; authorization to commit suicide, 1856; when indirect suicide is lawful, 1857, 1858; when indirect suicide is unlawful, 1859; is it suicidal to refuse s necessary surgical operation?, 1860; canonical penalties for suicide, 1861 a.
Systems, Moral, 672; Tutiorism, 672 a, 676; Anti-tutiorism, 672 b; condemned by Church, 676; Laxism, 680; condemned by Church, 681; Probabiliorism, 683; Equiprobabilisrn, 688; Probabilism, 701; Compensationism, 731; practical conclusions, 739; respective merits and use of the rival systems, 740; use by confessors, 741.
Temperance, 150; golden mean in, 154 a, 157 b; differs from patience, 2453 a; definition of temperance, 2461; temperance and sensible pleasures, 2461 b; temperance and spiritual pleasures, 2461 b; rule of moderation, 2462; excellence of temperance, 2463; vices opposed to temperance, 2464; subjective parts of temperance, 2465 a; potential parts of temperance, 2465 c; integral parts of temperance, 2465 b; sobriety, 2476; continence, 2544; incontinence, 2544 c; sinful indulgence, 2550; complements of the virtue of temperance, 2571 a; commandments of temperance, 2572 a.
Temptation, not a sin, 253; implicit or explicit, internal or external, direct or indirect, virtual or actual resistance to, 255; rules regarding resistance to, 256; exterior and interior temptations to impurity, 2497; resistance to internal temptations, 2498; what opposition to temptation is sufficient, 2499; insufficient, harmful and unnecessary opposition, 2500; weapons against carnal temptations, 2501; negligence in resisting temptations, 2508.
Theft, sin of injustice, 1872; definition of theft, 1890; plagiarism is form of theft, 1890 c; copyright infringement, a form of theft, 1890 c; kidnapping, a form of theft, 1890 c; comparison of theft and robbery, 1892 a; kinds of theft, 1893 a; sinfulness of theft, 1894 a; grave matter in theft of sacred objects, 1901; grave matter in domestic theft, 1903 a; theft by wife or minor child, 1904 a; theft by employees, 1905 a; theft of things about whose loss owner is less concerned, 1906 a; travelling without paying fare, 1907; when small thefts amount to grave matter, 1908; moral connection between repeated acts of theft, 1912; interval of time between acts of theft, 1913; theft from joint owners, 1917; restitution in cases of theft, 1918 a; cases of doubt as to grave matter, 1919 a; occult compensation, 1920 b; when conversion of others’ property is permissible, 1920; conditions for lawful occupation of others’ goods, 1921 a; restitution for occupied goods, 1922; occupation in case of merely grave necessity, 1923; occupation of large sum by one in dire need, 1924 a; lawfulness of receiving support from thief, 1926; condonation of domestic thefts, 1799.
Unction, Extreme, Sacrament of, 2774; remote matter, 2774 a; proximate matter, 2774 b; form, 2774 c; recipient, 2774 d; minister, 2774 e; effects of, 2774 f; special duties of recipient, 2775 a; special duties of minister, 2775 b; special duties of pastor, 2775 c; special duties of faithful, 2775 d.
Virtues, definition, 142; division, 143; practical intellectual, 146, 148; moral, definition, 149; four cardinal virtues, 150; theological, 151; three causes of virtues (nature, practice and infusion), 152; inchoative and perfected, 152; properties of, 153; golden mean in, 154 b; rank among virtues, 156, 157; in the blessed, 158; complements of, 159; properties of seven infused virtues, 745; order of theological virtues, 746; priority of a virtue in duration, by nature, and in excellence, 1028.
Vow, definition, 2191; personal, real and mixed vows, 2192; singular and common vows, 2192 b; temporary and perpetual vows, 2192 c; absolute and conditional vows, 2192 d; penal and non-penal vows, 2192 d; explicit and implicit vows, 2192 e; determinate and disjunctive vows, 2192 e; private and public vows, 2192 f; simple and solemn vows, 2192 f; vows in Canon Law, 2193; distinction between solemn and simple vows, 2194; knowledge and deliberation necessary for valid vow, 2195; freedom of will necessary for valid vow, 2196; cases in which fear does not invalidate vow, 2197; vows of doubtful validity, 2198; intention necessary for valid vow, 2199; matter of vow, 2200; vows that promise something necessary, 2201; when fulfillment of vow is only partly possible, 2202; vows that promise something displeasing to God, 2203; vows that promise something indifferent, 2205; meaning of better good in vow, 2206; vows invalidated by promise of lesser good, 2207; when one has taken two opposite vows, 2208; obligation of vow, 2209; gravity of obligation, 2210; rules for determining what is important matter in vow, 2211; coalescence of light into grave matter in vow, 2212; delay in fulfilling vow, 2214; time when vow obliges, 2213; person obliged to fulfill a vow, 2215; manner of fulfilling vow, 2216; obligation of certain kinds of vows, 2217; interpretation of doubtful vows, 2218; advantages of vows to vowers, 2220; when good vow may be sinful, 2221; merit of fulfilling vow that one regrets, 2222; persons who can make vow, 2223; dependence of vower on will of another, 2224; validity of vows made by subjects, 2225; cessation of vows, 2226; annulment of vows, 2228; reason necessary for annulment of vow, 2229; differences between direct and indirect annulment of vow, 2230; dispensation of vow, 2231; reasons sufficient for dispensation, 2232; sinfulness of unnecessary dispensation, 2233; persons who have power of dispensation, 2234; dispensation from religious vow of chastity, 2235; dispensation from vow made for benefit of third party, 2236; commutation of vows, 2238; good works that may be substituted for vows, 2239; persons who have authority to commute vow, 2240; cause required for commutation of vow, 2241; reversion to original vow, 2242; duties of confessors in reference to private vows, 2243; obligation of vow of obedience, 2364; religious vows, obligation of the three principal vows, 2612 a.
War, definition, 1376; just and unjust, 1377; offensive and defensive, 1378; not against law of God, 1380; nor against law of nature, 1383; three conditions for lawfulness, 1384; who may declare war?, 1385; what is just cause of war?, 1386; sufficient causes, 1389; insufficient causes, 1393; when justice of cause is doubtful, 1394; can there be justice on both sides?, 1396; duties before beginning war, 1398, 1399; duties during war, 1401; lawful means of warfare, 1403; acts of war and sacred times, 1405; and sacred places, 1406; and sacred persons, 1407; combatants, non-combatants and neutrals, 1408; killing or wounding of combatants, 1409; of non-combatants, 1410; punishment of military crimes, 1411; imprisonment and restraint of enemy subjects, 1412; destruction and seizure of property, 1413; booty and looting, 1414, 1415; lawfulness of stratagems, 1416; of reprisals, 1417; duties of victor, 1418; rights, 1419; obligation of victor whose cause was unjust, 1420, 1421; indemnities, 1422; guarantees for future, 1424; punishment for crimes committed during war, 1425; preparation for future wars, 1426; preparation for peace, 1427.
Wisdom, Gift of, 160 a; corresponds with and serves charity, 1609; nature of Gift, 1610; object of, 1610 d; in its cause, Wisdom belongs to the will, 1611 a; in its essence, to the intellect, 1611 b; Wisdom is both speculative and practical, 1612; practical uses of, 1613; likeness to the other Gifts, 1614 a; difference from, 1614 b; persons who possess Wisdom, 1615; differs from the “word of wisdom,”, 1616 b; varying degrees, 1617; exercise of Gift, 1618; corresponds to Seventh Beatitude, 1619 a; and to certain Fruits, 1619 b; direction given by Wisdom to human actions, 1620; sins opposed to Wisdom, 1621; false wisdom, 1623.
Witness, reliability of, 1984; obligation of freely appearing as witness, 1985; obligation of appearing under lawful citation, 1986; obligation to answer truthfully, 1987; witness and concealment of facts, 1993; payment of witnesses, 1994; matters regarding which witness should not testify, 1988; sinfulness of false testimony, 1990; obligation of witness to make restitution, 1992; concealment of truth in presenting case, 2006; sinfulness of introducing false or corrupted documents, 2007.