A Topic of Moral Theology
Kinds of ignorance
Ignorance, nescience and error; invincible and vincible (crass, affected); antecedent, concomitant, consequent.
The works themselves ask 23 questions under this heading — see them together with their answers.
Within this topic
In the index as Ignorance · Error · Law · Inadvertence · Fear · Affected ignorance · Consent · Imputability · Invincible · Involuntary · Sin · Acts · Antecedent · Cause · Concomitant · Contract · Crass ignorance · Delict · Gross Ignorance · Inculpable · Irregularity · Penalty · Reserved cases · Sin, causes of
In the manuals
Read the manuals side by side → — each work's whole treatment in its own column
A Manual of Moral Theology for English-Speaking Countries
Vol. I, Bk. I, Chapter III. Obstacles to Voluntary Action, n. 1 — WE have seen that we are responsible only for those actions which are performed with knowledge or advertence and freedom of choice. Whatever tends to prevent or lessen advertence, or to restrict liberty, will tend to dim… Read in context →
Vol. I, Bk. I, Ch. III, Section I. Ignorance, nn. 1, 2 & 4 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)
Vol. I, Bk. III, Ch. X, Section IV. Penal and Voiding Laws, n. 1 — We saw in Chapter VI that if the legislator chooses, and if he thinks it will be for the public good, he may intend a positive law made by him to bind, not under pain of committing sin by its mere violation, but only und… Read in context →
Vol. II, Bk. VI, Chapter X. Reserved Cases, n. 3 — Certain conditions are required in order that any particular sin may be reserved. First of all it must be a grave sin such as forms the necessary matter of confession, for a venial sin which the penitent need not confess… Read in context →
Vol. II, Bk. XI, Chapter I. Irregularity in General, n. 3 — As only males and those who are baptized can be validly ordained, the same two conditions are required in order to be subject to irregularity. There is nothing to prevent the same person from being subject to several dif… Read in context →
Manual of Moral Theology (Manuale Theologiae Moralis)
Vol. I, Bk. I, Tr. II, Diss. I, Pt. II, Sect. II, Ch. II, Article II. On Ignorance, nn. 30, 31 & 32 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)
Vol. I, Bk. I, Tr. II, Diss. II, Pt. I, Sect. III, Ch. I, Art. II, Section II. On Natural Law, n. 86 — V. Knowability of natural law. Concerning this, it must first be seen how far the objects, and consequently the precepts, of natural law are distinguished when their knowability is considered; then how far ignorance can … Read in context →
Vol. I, Bk. I, Tr. II, Diss. II, Pt. I, Sect. III, Ch. I, Art. VII, § II, Point IV. On Invalidating Law, n. 159 — V. Causes excusing from invalidation. "No ignorance of invalidating or incapacitating laws excuses from them, unless something else is expressly said" (can. 16, § 1). Likewise grave damage to be avoided does not prevent … Read in context →
Vol. I, Bk. I, Tr. II, Diss. II, Pt. I, Sect. III, Ch. I, Art. VII, § IV. On Causes Excusing from Obligation, n. 168 — A cause excusing is one which brings it about that one who is subject to the law is not held to observe it. It differs from a cause exempting, which brings it about that someone ceases to be subject to the law (St. Alpho… Read in context →
Vol. I, Bk. I, Tr. II, Diss. II, Pt. II, Sect. III, Ch. I, Art. III, § II. On Internal Causes, n. 261 — I. Culpable ignorance; which can be a cause of sin to the extent that man, if he had expelled the ignorance, would have abstained from the depraved act. To this cause also belongs defect of consideration, which is a cert… Read in context →
Vol. I, Bk. II, Tr. II, Diss. I, Pt. II, Sect. II, Chapter II. On the Requisites for a Vow, n. 642 — I. Requisites on the part of the one vowing. There are required a will to bind oneself, sufficient knowledge of the thing promised or of the object of the vow, and perfect liberty. 1. A will to bind oneself, at least imp… Read in context →
Vol. I, Bk. II, Tr. II, Diss. I, Pt. VII, Sect. I, Ch. II, Art. I, § IV, Point II, I. Error, nn. 836 & 837 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)
Vol. II, Bk. III, Tr. VIII, Diss. I, Pt. I, Sect. I, Division, Fittingness, and Governance of Betrothals, n. 659 — I. The notion of betrothals. Betrothals are the mutual promise of matrimony between one man and one woman who are capable. It is said: 1. A promise. Therefore a desire, a mere purpose, or a simple negotiation about enter… Read in context →
Vol. II, Bk. III, Tr. VIII, Diss. II, Pt. I, Sect. I, Chapter II. Fuller Exposition, n. 704 — III. Sufficiently free from ignorance; concerning which observe that ignorance differs from error. Ignorance is the mere defect of knowledge, and does not import an opinion or judgment; error, however, imports an opinion… Read in context →
Vol. II, Bk. IV, Tr. I, Diss. I, Part II. Fuller Exposition, n. 847 — I. The formal causes of imputability are: 1° the malice of the delinquent; 2° the fault of the delinquent, whether in ignorance of the law or in omission of the diligence required so that the law may be observed (canon 2… Read in context →
Vol. II, Bk. IV, Tr. II, Diss. I, Part III. On the Subject Liable to the Power of Punishing, n. 858 — II. Requisites for someone actually to contract a penalty latae sententiae. 1. Requisites on the part of the delict. A penalty established by law is not incurred unless the delict has been perfect in its own kind accordi… Read in context →
Moral Theology: A Complete Course (McHugh & Callan)
Vol. I, Pt. I, Q. I, Art. 2. Acts as Human, Knowledge Requisite for a Human Act, nn. 24, 26, 27, 28, 29 & 30 (6 passages — hover a number to read it)
Vol. I, Pt. I, Q. II, Art. 3. Bad Habits, or Vices, The Causes of Sin, nn. 249 & 250 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)
Vol. I, Pt. I, Q. III, Art. 2. The Natural Law, Properties, n. 320 — Those who have not the use of reason, either habitually (as children and the insane) or actually (as the intoxicated), may be invincibly ignorant of the Natural Law—for example, they may be unable to perceive even the di… Read in context →
Vol. I, Pt. I, Q. III, Art. 3. The Positive Divin…, The Law of the New Testament, n. 356 — Ignorance of the Law of Christ.-(a) Outsiders may be in invincible ignorance of the Law of Christ. For many persons through no fault of their own, in times past or even today, have not heard the Gospel message: “How shal… Read in context →
Vol. I, Pt. II, Q. I, Art. 2. The Sins Against F…, Sins of Ignorance, Blindness, Dullness, nn. 904 & 907 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)
Vol. I, Pt. II, Q. I, Art. 3. The Commandments o…, The Commandment of Knowledge of Faith, n. 924 — Confessors should examine in religion penitents who show signs of ignorance (e.g., in the manner of making their confession), and should grant or deny absolution according to the case. (a) If the ignorance is about the t… Read in context →
Institutions of Moral Theology (Institutiones Theologiae Moralis)
Vol. I, On Human Acts, II. On the Impediments of the Human Act, nn. 48, 49, 50, 51 & 52 (5 passages — hover a number to read it)
Vol. I, On Conscience, II. On Certain Conscience, nn. 108 & 110 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)
Vol. I, On Laws, IV. On the Obligation of Law, n. 216 — When does the obligation of law cease? Obligation can cease in three ways: either on the part of the subject, or on the part of the superior, or on the part of the law itself. On the part of the subject it can cease: 1. … Read in context →
Vol. I, On Laws, V. On Invalidating and Penal Law, nn. 225 & 229 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)
Vol. III, On the Particular Obligati…, I. On the Positive Obligations of Clerics, n. 99 — What if someone were promoted to sacred orders either invincibly ignorant of the obligation of chastity attached to them, or expressly unwilling to vow that obligation itself, or if he were compelled to this by grave fea… Read in context →
Vol. IV, On Marriage, III. On the Impediments of Marriage, n. 1006 — Does ignorance excuse from the impediment of asking the debt? R. More probably affirmatively, if there is ignorance of law, namely of the human law prohibiting this. The reason is that just as ignorance excuses from the … Read in context →
Vol. IV, On Censures, I. On the Nature of Censure, n. 1094 — Does ignorance excuse from incurring censure? Invincible ignorance, whether of fact, of law, or of penalty, i.e., of the censure attached, excuses from incurring it. For contumacy is lacking. Here forgetfulness and inadv… Read in context →
Vol. IV, On Irregularity, n. 1320 — What is required for incurring irregularity from delict? In order that irregularity from delict be incurred, i.e., from one's own delict, the human act must be: 1. external, for this irregularity is a penalty in the exte… Read in context →
Commentaries on Human Acts (Commentarii de Actibus Humanis)
Bucceroni, Commentaries on Human Acts, Commentary V: On Ignorance, n. 2 — 2. Ignorance is distinguished into antecedent, concomitant, and consequent. Ignorance can be compared either to the will of the one ignorant, or to the action done ignorantly. With respect to the will, every ignorance is… Read in context →
Synopsis of Moral and Pastoral Theology
Vol. II, Fundamental Moral Theology…, On Human Acts — Chapter I: On Free Acts, nn. 89, 90, 91, 92 & 93 (5 passages — hover a number to read it)
Manuale Theologiae Moralis
Vol. I, Pt. I, Tr. II, Ch. II, Art. I, § 2. On The Notion And Divisions Of Ignorance, nn. 39, 40, 41, 42, 43 & 44 (6 passages — hover a number to read it)
Summa Theologiae Moralis
Vol. I, General Moral Theology, Treatise: On Human Acts in…, First Part: On Human Acts …, Section A: On the Conditio…, Ch. I, Question Two: On the Imped…, Article IV: On Ignorance, nn. ¶1, 80, 81, 82 & 83 (30 passages — hover a number to read it)
Compendium of Moral Theology
Vol. I, Tr. I, Ch. III, Article I. On Ignorance, nn. 10, 11 & 12 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)
Summa Summae S. Thomae (Billuart)
Billuart, Summa Summae, Tomus II. On the Prima Sec…, On Human Acts, On the Voluntary and the I…, Whether ignorance causes the involuntary?, nn. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 & 8 (8 passages — hover a number to read it)
Billuart, Summa Summae, Tomus II. On the Prima Sec…, On Sins, On the Causes of Sins, Whether there can be invincible ignorance of positive divine law?, nn. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 & 9 (9 passages — hover a number to read it)
Billuart, Summa Summae, Tomus II. On the Prima Sec…, On Sins, On the Causes of Sins, Whether there can be invincible ignorance of the law of nature?, nn. 1–19 (19 passages)
Cases of Conscience for English-Speaking Countries, Volume I
Slater, Cases I, Human Acts, Case 2. Voluntary Ignorance, nn. ¶5 & ¶6 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)
Treated under the broader heading Ignorance — Bucceroni, Cases of Conscience · Gury-Ballerini, Compendium of Moral Theology (8th ed., 1884) · Vermeersch, Theologia Moralis · Marc, Institutiones Morales · Konings, Theologia Moralis · Concina, Compendium — these works do not divide the matter as finely as we do here, so their treatment stands one heading up (ed.)