A Topic of Moral Theology
Using probable opinions in practice
No obligation to follow the probable opinion; intrinsic and extrinsic probability; five or six approved authors; not switching opinions to one's advantage.
The works themselves ask 21 questions under this heading — see them together with their answers.
Also asked about as…
following a probable opinion · may i follow the easier opinion (ed.)
In the index as Probabilism · Opinion · Probability · Confessor (Confessarius) · Conscience · Doubt · Reflex Principles · Opinions, probability and choice of · Probability of fact · Conscience, moral, psychological · Doubtful obligation of abstinence · Favors · Moral conscience · Natural fast perhaps violated · Possession · Probabilism, moderate · Accused person · Authority of doctors · Danger of sin (Periculum peccati) · Divine Office · Doubt of fact, of law · Equiprobabilism of St. Alphonsus (Aequiprobabilismus S. Alphonsi) · Intrinsically · Judge
In the manuals
Read the manuals side by side → — each work's whole treatment in its own column
Summa of Moral Theology (Summa Theologiae Moralis)
Noldin, Summa of Moral Theology, On the Principles of Moral…, Book Fourth. On Conscience., Question First. On the Nat…, Article Fifth. On Probable Opinion., nn. 223, 224 & 225 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)
A Manual of Moral Theology for English-Speaking Countries
Vol. I, Bk. II, Chapter IV. The Probable Conscience, nn. 5, 6 & 7 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)
Moral Theology: A Complete Course (McHugh & Callan)
Vol. I, Pt. I, Q. IV, Art. 3. A Certain Conscience, Opinion, nn. 662, 663, 664, 665, 666, 667, 668, 669, 670 & 671 (10 passages — hover a number to read it)
Commentaries on the Nature of Moral Theology, on Conscience and Probabilism, on the Fourth Precept, and on the Sixth and Ninth Precepts of the Decalogue (Commentarii)
Bucceroni, Commentaries (1910), Second Commentary: On Cons…, III. On Probable Conscience and on Probabilism, nn. 45, 47, 51, 52, 75, 78 & 79 (8 passages — hover a number to read it)
Compendium of Moral Theology of Fr. John Peter Gury, S.J., with the Notes of Antonio Ballerini, S.J.
Vol. I, Treatise On Conscience, Ch. IV, Article I. On the Nature of Probability, n. 51 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)
Vol. I, Treatise On Conscience, Ch. IV, Article II. On the Efficacy of Probability for Forming Conscience, nn. 59 & 74 (7 passages — hover a number to read it)
Vol. I, Treatise On Conscience, Ch. IV, Article III. On the Use of Probability, and on the Special Rules for Forming Conscience in Doubts, nn. 75, 76, 77, 78, 79 & 80 (41 passages — hover a number to read it)
Theologia Moralis: Principles — Responses — Counsels
Vol. I, Tr. IV, Ch. III, Art. II, § 5. On the Probability of Fact, nn. 368, 369, 370 & 371 (4 passages — hover a number to read it)
Institutiones Morales Alphonsianae
Vol. I, Part First: On the First P…, Tr. I, Ch. III, Art. II, § 1. On the Unlawful Use of Probability Where There Intervenes the Danger of Some Evil Absolutely to Be Avoided, nn. ¶80, ¶81, ¶82, ¶83 & ¶84 (5 passages — hover a number to read it)
Vol. I, Part First: On the First P…, Tr. I, Ch. III, Art. II, § 2. On the Lawful Use of Probability, n. ¶1 — Where the Matter Concerns Only the Honesty of the Action. The theologians, for whom there is morally one and the same sense concerning the use of probability where the matter concerns the danger of an evil absolutely to be avoided, by no means concur in the same opinion in the … Read in context →
Theologia Moralis Sancti Alphonsi: Reduced into a Compendium
Vol. I, Treatise on Conscience, Ch. IV, AND ON THE EQUI-PROBABILIS…, Art. V, § III. Proof of the System, n. ¶87 — 87. - Up to this point we have proved that the moderate use of a probable opinion is licit. Further, now it is asked here whether it is also expedient for the salvation of souls to follow benign opinions rather than rigi… Read in context →
Summa Theologiae Moralis
Vol. II, Special Moral Theology: On…, Treatise: On the Cardinal …, Second Part: On the Virtue…, Ch. II, Question Two: On the Speci…, Article III: On Opinative or Probable Conscience, nn. 101, 102, 103 & 104 (37 passages — hover a number to read it)
Compendium of Moral Theology
Vol. I, Tr. II, Ch. IV, Article I. On the Nature and Division of Probability, n. 46 — Probability is divided in many ways, but four divisions are chiefly considered here. Therefore it is: 1st. Intrinsic or extrinsic, according as it rests proximately either upon reasons deduced from the nature of the thin… Read in context →
Vol. I, Tr. II, Ch. IV, Article IV. On Special Rules and Applications of Probabilism, nn. 66, 67, 67, Q. 2, 67, Q. 3, 67, Q. 4, 67, Q. 5 & 67, Q. 6 (7 passages — hover a number to read it)
Summa Summae S. Thomae (Billuart)
Billuart, Summa Summae, Tomus II. On the Prima Sec…, On Human Acts, On the Probability and Cho…, Whether it is licit to follow the less probable and less safe opinion, in concurrence with one more probable and safer?, nn. 1–27 (27 passages)
Billuart, Summa Summae, Tomus II. On the Prima Sec…, On Human Acts, On the Probability and Cho…, Whether it is lawful to follow the more probable but less safe opinion, in concurrence with one less probable but safer, where only the objective honesty of the act is at stake?, nn. 1–29 (29 passages)
Billuart, Summa Summae, Tomus II. On the Prima Sec…, On Human Acts, On the Probability and Cho…, Various little questions on the present matter briefly resolved, nn. 1–24 (24 passages)
Billuart, Summa Summae, Tomus II. On the Prima Sec…, On Human Acts, On Moderate Probabilism, Whether it is lawful to follow an opinion truly and solidly probable favoring liberty, leaving a safer one equally probable, or even more probable, where only the liceity of the action is at stake?, nn. 1–82 (82 passages)
Billuart, Summa Summae, Tomus II. On the Prima Sec…, On Human Acts, On Moderate Probabilism, On the use of probability, and the special rules by which conscience is practically formed in doubts, nn. 1–34 (34 passages)
Billuart, Summa Summae, Tomus II. On the Prima Sec…, On Human Acts, On Moderate Probabilism, Whether it is lawful to follow a probable, or even more probable, opinion, leaving the safer, when there is a certain obligation of attaining a determinate end?, nn. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 & 11 (11 passages — hover a number to read it)
Christian Theology, Dogmatic and Moral, in Compendium
Bk. II, Diss. II, Chapter II — What, and of how many kinds, is the probable, the more probable, the safe, and the safer opinion. The genuine sense of the question is proposed, nn. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII & IX (9 passages — hover a number to read it)
Bk. II, Diss. II, Chapter X — It is licit to embrace an opinion evidently more probable for liberty, the less probable and safer opinion for the law being left aside, nn. I, II, III & IV (4 passages — hover a number to read it)
Treated under the broader heading The Probable Conscience and Probabilism — Wouters, Manual of Moral Theology · Bucceroni, Institutions of Moral Theology · Bucceroni, Cases of Conscience · Tanquerey · Slater, Cases I · Rickaby, Moral Philosophy · The Casuist · Coppens, Moral Philosophy · Daniel, Apology for the Jesuits — these works do not divide the matter as finely as we do here, so their treatment stands one heading up (ed.)