A Topic of Moral Theology

Acts done through fear

Simply voluntary but involuntary in a respect; fear does not excuse from intrinsically evil acts (apostasy under threat); its effect on positive law and on contracts.

Also asked about as…

did it because i was afraid · forced by threats (ed.)

In the index as Fear · Intrinsically · Attrition · Censure · Concupiscence · Contract · Grave · Ignorance · Imputability · Law · Light · Natural · Oath · Parents · Sacramental Seal · Vow

In the manuals

A Manual of Moral Theology for English-Speaking Countries

Vol. I, Bk. I, Ch. III, Section III. Fear, nn. 2 & 3 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Manual of Moral Theology (Manuale Theologiae Moralis)

Vol. I, Bk. I, Tr. II, Diss. I, Pt. II, Sect. II, Ch. II, Art. III, Section III. On Fear in Particular, n. 42 — III. Influence on the free. Fear generally does not remove the free character of a work placed from fear; nevertheless, if one acts from fear alone, it causes the involuntary in a qualified sense, or lessens the voluntar… Read in context →

Moral Theology: A Complete Course (McHugh & Callan)

Vol. I, Pt. I, Q. I, Art. 2. Acts as Human, Obstacles to Consent, nn. 43 & 44 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Institutions of Moral Theology (Institutiones Theologiae Moralis)

Vol. I, On Human Acts, II. On the Impediments of the Human Act, nn. 62 & 63 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, On Laws, V. On Invalidating and Penal Law, n. 225 — Do ignorance, fear, and grave inconvenience excuse from invalidation? - R. To the first: Negatively, because subjective ignorance, whether of fact or of law, does not supply the objective defect of the act; and thus ther… Read in context →

Vol. I, On the Second Precept of t…, III. On Oath, n. 564 — Does a promissory oath extorted by grave and unjust fear oblige? - The first probable opinion affirms. For the general rule is that any oath is to be kept when it can be done without sin, lest God be brought in as witnes… Read in context →

Vol. I, On the Second Precept of t…, IV. On Vow, n. 576 — Is a vow made through fear valid? - R. Negatively, if the fear is grave, unjust, inflicted from without in order to extort the vow. The reason is that that cannot be acceptable to God which is violently extorted from som… Read in context →

Vol. II, On the Seventh and Tenth P…, IV. On the Modes of Acquiring Ownership by Private Will, n. 944 — Does grave fear invalidate a contract, or at least render it rescindable? - R. Negatively, if there is question of fear from within, or from a necessary or natural cause; or of fear indeed from without, but justly induce… Read in context →

Vol. IV, On Censures, I. On the Nature of Censure, n. 1095 — Does grave fear excuse from censure? R. Affirmatively, unless nevertheless observance of the law is necessary for preserving the public good, or violation of it yields to contempt of faith, or of law, or of ecclesiastica… Read in context →

Commentaries on Human Acts (Commentarii de Actibus Humanis)

Bucceroni, Commentaries on Human Acts, Commentary VII: On Fear, nn. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 & 17 (7 passages — hover a number to read it)

Compendium of Moral Theology of Fr. John Peter Gury, S.J., with the Notes of Antonio Ballerini, S.J.

Vol. I, Treatise on Human Acts, Ch. II, Art. III, § III. On Fear, n. 18 (4 passages — hover a number to read it)

Manuale Theologiae Moralis

Vol. I, Pt. I, Tr. II, Ch. II, Art. II, § 3, 2. On Fear, n. 71 — 71. Principle 3. a) Acts and contracts entered into from grave fear unjustly struck in order to extort consent are indeed valid of themselves; b) yet they can afterward be rescinded; c) indeed some contracts (or acts) en… Read in context →

Summa Theologiae Moralis

Vol. I, General Moral Theology, Treatise: On Human Acts in…, First Part: On Human Acts …, Section A: On the Conditio…, Ch. I, Question Two: On the Imped…, Article II: On Fear, nn. ¶1, 71, 72, 73, 74 & 75 (18 passages — hover a number to read it)

Compendium of Moral Theology

Vol. I, Tr. I, Ch. III, Article III. On Fear, nn. 16, 17 & 18 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)

Summa Summae S. Thomae (Billuart)

Billuart, Summa Summae, Tomus II. On the Prima Sec…, On Human Acts, On the Voluntary and the I…, Whether fear causes the involuntary?, nn. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 & 11 (11 passages — hover a number to read it)

Christian Theology, Dogmatic and Moral, in Compendium

Diss. I, Chapter VI — On the insufficiency of fear-born, or servile, attrition for the valid receiving of the sacrament of Penance, n. VI — VI. Likewise in the same place, article 5, reply 1, he subjoins: It must be said that in him who does something through fear there remains a repugnance of the will to that which is done, according as it is considered in … Read in context →

Palladium Theologicum, Tome V: On the Virtues

Tr. IV, Disputation I: On the Vow, Question VI: Whether fear inflicted on another makes a vow invalid, nn. 1–51 (51 passages)

The Decretals of Gregory IX (Liber Extra)

Bk. I, Title XL: On Things Done by Force or Because of Fear, cc. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 & 7 (7 passages — hover a number to read it)

The Liber Sextus of Boniface VIII

Bk. I, Title XX: On Things Done by Force or Because of Fear, c. 1 — Chapter I. An absolution from or revocation of excommunication, suspension, or interdict extorted through force does not hold, and the person extorting it is excommunicated by the law itself. John Andrew. Gregory X at the General C… Read in context →

Treated under the broader heading Fear — Bucceroni, Cases of Conscience · Vermeersch, Theologia Moralis · Marc, Institutiones Morales · Konings, Theologia Moralis · Concina, Theologia Christiana III — these works do not divide the matter as finely as we do here, so their treatment stands one heading up (ed.)