The Medieval Trees

The same virtues and vices as the plain trees on the charts, drawn in the manner of the old manuscripts. The names are St. Thomas's where St. Thomas gives one.

The Tree of the Vices

The same vices and daughters, drawn as the old trees of vices drew them: pride at the root, a branch for each capital vice, the daughters hanging from it, and the leaves turned downward. The vices that seek a good are on the left, those that shun one on the right. A daughter printed in color opens its own entry.

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The Tree of the VicesGoods sought inordinatelyGoods shunned on account of an attendant evilboastinglove ofnoveltieshypocrisyobstinacydiscordcontentiondisobediencedullness ofsense in theunderstandingunseemly joyloquaciousnessscurrilityuncleannessblindness ofmindrashnessthoughtlessnessinconstancyself-lovehatred of Godlove of thisworlddespair of afuture worldinsensibilityto mercyrestlessnessviolencefalsehoodperjuryfraudtreacherydespairfaint-heartednesssluggishnessabout thecommandmentsspitemalicewanderingafterunlawfulthingstale-bearingdetractionjoy atanother'smisfortunegrief atanother'sprosperityhatredindignationswelling ofthe mindclamorblasphemycontumelyquarrelsVaingloryGluttonyLustCovetousnessSlothEnvyAngerPride“the queen and motherof all the vices”

The root is the picture's image, not St. Thomas's term. St. Thomas says “pride, which is the desire to excel, is said to be the ‘beginning’ of every sin,” and that “covetousness is said to be the ‘root’ of all evils.” I-II, q. 84, a. 2.

The Tree of the Virtues

Its pair. The old trees of virtues turn their leaves upward and often set humility at the root. St. Thomas says “charity, which is the love of God, is called the root of the virtues” (I-II, q. 84, a. 1), so charity stands at the root here, with the order of charity written on its roots. Faith and hope are at the crown, as on many of the old trees, and the cardinal virtues are on the branches between. A part printed in color opens its own passage, and each small label opens the place where St. Thomas names those parts.

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The Tree of the Virtuesliving andlifeless faithactual faithexplicithuman faithdivine faithHow Faith IsDividedmemoryunderstandingdocilityshrewdnessreasoningforesightcircumspectioncautionIntegralthe prudencewhereby a manrules himselfregnativeprudencepoliticalprudencedomesticprudencemilitarySubjectivegood counselsynesisgnomePotentialconfidencemagnificencepatienceperseveranceIntegral andPotentialhuman fearservile fearinitial fearfilial fearFear, ItsCompanionto do goodto avoid theopposite evilIntegrallegal justicecommutativejusticedistributivejusticeSubjectivereligionpenancepietyobservanceobediencetruthgratituderevengeliberalityaffabilityepikeiaPotentialshamefacednesshonestyIntegralabstinencesobrietychastitypuritySubjectivecontinencemeeknessmildnesshumilitystudiousnessmodestygamesoutwardapparelPotentialFaithPrudenceFortitudeHopeJusticeTemperanceGod firstOurselves andour neighborAmong neighborsEnemiesCharity“the root of the virtues”