A Topic of Moral Theology

Confession

The self-accusation of sins to a priest: its necessity and manner, the integrity it requires, and when a confession is invalid and must be repeated.

Within this topic

In the index as Confession · Penance · Integrity of Confession (Integritas Confessionis) · Circumstances (Circumstantiae) · Examination of conscience (Examen conscientiae) · Sin (Peccatum) · CONFESSION: utility of frequent confession · Sacrament of Penance · Sins · Absolution (Absolutio) · Accomplice (Complex) · EXAMPLE: we should profit by the good example and give it to others · Confessor (Confessarius) · SCRUPLES: What are real scruples and how they are hurtful · Seal of Confession · CONFESSOR: need and choice of a director · Communion · Doubt · Interpreter · Material integrity as regards confession · Repetition of confession · Accomplice in confession not to be manifested · Act (Actus) · Annual Confession (Confessio annua)

Further reading Moral Reflections on the Necessity and Fruit of Confession — on Leviticus 6 ↗ — Cornelius a Lapide, The Great Commentary, read off-site at lapide.org (public-domain translation) (ed.)

In the manuals

Summa of Moral Theology (Summa Theologiae Moralis)

Vol. III, Book Fifth. On Penance., Ch. II, Q. II, Article I. On Confession Itself., nn. 266, 267, 268, 269, 270 & 271 (6 passages — hover a number to read it)

A Manual of Moral Theology for English-Speaking Countries

Vol. I, Bk. VIII, Chapter III. Annual Confession, n. 1 — As the Council of Trent teaches, there is a divine law which prescribes that all who fall into grievous sin after receiving Baptism should confess such sin to a priest and receive absolution for it from him. This divine … Read in context →

Vol. II, Bk. V, Pt. I, Ch. V, Article I. The Necessity of the Eucharist, n. 2 — According to the general rule, children become subject to and bound to obey the positive laws of the Church when they reach the age of seven. However, before the new Code of Canon Law came into force it was usual to defe… Read in context →

Vol. II, Bk. VI, Chapter IV. Confession, nn. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6 (6 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Bk. VI, Chapter XIV. The Seal of Confession, n. 1 — By the seal of confession is understood the religious obligation to keep secret anything that is manifested in sacramental confession. This obligation is imposed by the natural, the divine, and by positive ecclesiastical… Read in context →

Manual of Moral Theology (Manuale Theologiae Moralis)

Vol. I, Bk. I, Tr. II, Diss. II, Pt. II, Sect. III, Ch. I, Art. II, § II. On Numerical Distinction, n. 254 — III. Plurality of acts. The general rule is this: there are as many sins as there are morally distinct acts, or as there are physical acts not morally united into some one thing. "According to the unity of the will," say… Read in context →

Vol. I, Bk. II, Tr. II, Diss. II, Part II. On Annual Confession, n. 1104 — I. Existence of the precept. The precept of annual confession, enacted by the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215, confirmed by the Council of Trent, is stated thus by can. 906: "Every one of the faithful of either sex, after… Read in context →

Vol. II, Bk. III, Tr. V, Diss. II, Pt. I, Sect. II, Ch. II, Article II. On Confession, n. ¶1 — We shall speak first of confession considered in itself, then of the qualities of confession generally, and then of the quality of integrity specifically.Read in context →

Vol. II, Bk. III, Tr. V, Diss. II, Pt. I, Sect. II, Ch. II, Art. II, § I. On Confession Considered in Itself, nn. 307, 308, 309 & 310 (4 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Bk. III, Tr. V, Diss. II, Pt. I, Sect. II, Ch. II, Art. II, § II. On the Qualities of Confession Generally, nn. 311, 312, 313 & 314 (4 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Bk. III, Tr. V, Diss. II, Pt. I, Sect. II, Ch. II, Art. II, § III, Point II. On the Scope of Material Integrity, n. 319 — I. Mortal sins committed after Baptism and not yet directly remitted must be confessed. This follows from the cited documents. Disputation 1. Whether a sin must be confessed: a) in doubt whether it was committed; b) in d… Read in context →

Vol. II, Bk. III, Tr. V, Diss. II, Pt. II, Sect. II, Chapter I. On the Confession of Children, n. 446 — I. "With children he ought to use every charity and gentler ways, as far as can be done" (Praxis, n. 90); nevertheless the confessor, especially as regards girls, should always be mindful of due gravity. II. Sometimes it… Read in context →

Vol. II, Bk. III, Tr. V, Diss. II, Pt. II, Sect. II, Chapter II. On the Confession of the Rude, the Slow, and the Semi-Feeble, n. 447 — I. The confession of the rude and the slow. Insofar as and in what manner they are to be instructed if perhaps they are ignorant of the things to be known by necessity of means and of precept, this has been said in n. 39… Read in context →

Vol. II, Bk. III, Tr. V, Diss. II, Pt. II, Sect. II, Chapter III. On the Confession of Habituated Persons, n. 449 — I. Notion of the habituated person. A habituated or customary person is one who has contracted a habit of some sin. Moreover, a habit of sin is a quality stable of itself by which someone is disposed to sin (vol. I, n. 3… Read in context →

Vol. II, Bk. III, Tr. V, Diss. II, Pt. II, Sect. II, Ch. IV, Article I. On Those in Occasions in General, n. 455 — I. Notion of occasion. An occasion is a person or external thing which creates for a person a danger of sinning.Read in context →

Vol. II, Bk. III, Tr. IV, Diss. III, Pt. II, Sect. II, Ch. IV, Article V. On Confession of the Dying, nn. 475, 476 & 477 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Bk. III, Tr. IV, Diss. III, Pt. II, Sect. II, Ch. IV, Article VI. On Confession of Baptized Non-Catholics, n. 478 — We are speaking of baptized non-Catholics who are in good faith, or at least are not certainly in bad faith. Now: I. Outside danger of death, baptized non-Catholics cannot licitly be absolved. "It is forbidden," thus can… Read in context →

Moral Theology: A Complete Course (McHugh & Callan)

Vol. II, Pt. II, Q. IV, Art. 3. Repentance; Penanc…, Confession, nn. 2737, 2738, 2739, 2740, 2741, 2742, 2743 & 2744 (8 passages — hover a number to read it)

Institutions of Moral Theology (Institutiones Theologiae Moralis)

Vol. I, On Conscience, V. On Doubtful Conscience, n. 147 — In doubt a fact is not presumed, but must be demonstrated. L. 10 C. de Non numer. pec. - For no reason must be given for non-being, but for being; because non-being does not have its cause, but being does. But understand… Read in context →

Vol. I, On Laws, IV. On the Obligation of Law, n. 222 — Resolves: He sins who on a fast day undertakes labor, although honorable, in order to be excused from the fast; although he, after he is gravely wearied, even with that evil end, is no longer held to the fast. L. 1. 3. n… Read in context →

Vol. I, On Laws, IX. Privileges of Clerics, Bishops, Regulars, nn. 263 & 274 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, On the Precept of Charity, V. On Fraternal Correction, n. 418 — Resolves: Private persons among themselves are rarely bound to correction, at least under grave sin, unless they are familiarly joined to one another, because rarely are all the required conditions found; still more rare… Read in context →

Vol. II, On the Third and Fourth Precepts of the Church, n. 1553 — When are children judged to have attained the years of discretion, so that they are bound by the precept of Confession? - When they are capable of mortal sin; that is around the seventh year, which is to be judged not fr… Read in context →

Vol. III, On the Particular Obligati…, IV. On Profession, n. 277 — What things are required for religious profession? - For the value of profession there is required: 1. That the person be fit for entering religion. - 2. That the one professing has completed the sixteenth year, computin… Read in context →

Vol. III, On Penance, IV. On Confession, nn. 695, 696, 697, 698 & 699 (5 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. III, On Penance, V. On the Integrity of Confession, nn. 700 & 722 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. III, On Penance, IX. On the Jurisdiction of the Confessor, nn. 772, 773, 777, 780 & 781 (5 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. III, On Penance, X. On Regulars and Nuns, nn. 790 & 791 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. III, On Penance, XII. On the Various Duties of the Minister, n. 831 — What of the obligation of the seal of Confession? - The seal of Confession is the religious obligation of preserving secrecy concerning those things which are known from sacramental Confession, namely of manifesting them… Read in context →

Moral Enchiridion, Comprising Select Decrees and Definitions of the Holy See, of Ecumenical Councils and of the Sacred Roman Congregations (Enchiridion Morale), Fourth Edition

Bucceroni, Moral Enchiridion (4th ed., 1905), On Penance, nn. 696 & 696, 698, 700, 748 (6 passages — hover a number to read it)

Cases of Conscience, Proposed by Cardinal de Lugo, by Fr. Beniamino Elbel, by Fr. Ioannes Petrus Gury and by Other Authors, and Resolved (Casus conscientiae)

120. On Sins to be Confessed, nn. 1, 2 & 3 (17 passages — hover a number to read it)

Compendium of Moral Theology of Fr. John Peter Gury, S.J., with the Notes of Antonio Ballerini, S.J.

Vol. II, Treatise On the Sacrament …, First Part. On the Essence…, Chapter II. On the Matter of the Sacrament of Penance, n. 421 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Treatise On the Sacrament …, Pt. II, Chapter II. On Confession, nn. ¶1 & ¶2 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Treatise On the Sacrament …, Pt. II, Ch. II, Article II. On the Qualities of Confession, nn. 467 & 468 (19 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Treatise On the Sacrament …, Pt. II, Ch. II, Art. II, Appendix I. On the Examination of Conscience, nn. 507, 508, 509 & 510 (16 passages — hover a number to read it)

Synopsis of Moral and Pastoral Theology

Vol. I, Matrimony, and Holy Orders, On Penance (Volume I), Moral Part — Chapter I: On the Duties of the Penitent, nn. 243–267, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316 & 319–334 (46 passages — hover a number to read it)

A Handbook of Moral Theology (Koch–Preuss)

Vol. II, Pt. II, Ch. II, Sect. 5, Article 3: Confession, nn. ¶1–¶23 (23 passages)

Manuale Theologiae Moralis

Vol. III, Pt. II, Tr. V, Ch. II, Article II. On Confession, n. ¶49 — We divide this article into three paragraphs: 1. on the essence and necessity of confession; 2. on its qualities; 3. on its repetition.Read in context →

Institutiones Morales Alphonsianae

Vol. II, Part Third: On the Sacrame…, Tr. V, Diss. II, Chapter II: On Confession, n. ¶1682 — 1682. SACRAMENTAL CONFESSION is the accusation of one's own sins, made to a priest legitimately approved, for receiving their pardon by the power of the keys. - By the power of the keys, that is, by force of the power wh… Read in context →

Vol. II, Part Third: On the Sacrame…, Tr. V, Diss. II, Ch. II, Article I: On The Necessity Of Confession, nn. ¶1, ¶1683, ¶1684, ¶1685 & ¶1686 (5 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Part Third: On the Sacrame…, Tr. V, Diss. II, Ch. II, Article II: On The Conditions Of Confession, nn. ¶1687, ¶1688, ¶1689 & ¶1690 (4 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Part Third: On the Sacrame…, Tr. V, Diss. II, Ch. II, Art. II, § 1. On The Material Integrity Of Confession, nn. ¶1691, ¶1692, ¶1, ¶1693, ¶1694, ¶2, ¶1695 & ¶1696 (8 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Part Third: On the Sacrame…, Tr. V, Diss. II, Ch. II, Art. II, § 2. On Formal Integrity, nn. ¶1697, ¶1698, ¶1699, ¶1700, ¶1, ¶2, ¶1701 & ¶1702 (8 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Part Third: On the Sacrame…, Tr. V, Diss. II, Ch. II, Art. II, § 3. On The Manner Of Procuring The Integrity Of Confession, nn. ¶1, ¶1703, ¶1704 & ¶1705 (4 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Part Third: On the Sacrame…, Tr. V, Diss. II, Ch. II, Article III: On The Repetition Of Confession, n. ¶1 — In this article we shall treat: 1. in general, of confession to be repeated; 2. in particular, of general confession.Read in context →

Vol. II, Part Third: On the Sacrame…, Tr. V, Diss. II, Ch. II, Art. III, § 1. On Invalid Confession To Be Repeated, nn. ¶1706, ¶1707, ¶1708 & ¶1709 (4 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Part Third: On the Sacrame…, Tr. V, Diss. II, Ch. II, Art. III, § 2. On General Confession, nn. ¶1710, ¶1711, ¶1712 & ¶1713 (4 passages — hover a number to read it)

Theologia Moralis Sancti Alphonsi: Reduced into a Compendium

Vol. II, TREATISE ON THE SACRAMENT …, PART SECOND: ON THE SUBJEC…, OR ON THE ACTS OF THE PENI…, CHAPTER II: ON CONFESSION, nn. ¶1 & ¶2 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, TREATISE ON THE SACRAMENT …, PART SECOND: ON THE SUBJEC…, OR ON THE ACTS OF THE PENI…, Ch. II, ARTICLE I: ON THE NECESSITY OF CONFESSION, nn. ¶1356 & ¶1357 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, TREATISE ON THE SACRAMENT …, PART SECOND: ON THE SUBJEC…, OR ON THE ACTS OF THE PENI…, Ch. II, ARTICLE II: ON THE QUALITIES OF CONFESSION, nn. ¶1358, ¶1 & ¶1359 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, TREATISE ON THE SACRAMENT …, PART SECOND: ON THE SUBJEC…, OR ON THE ACTS OF THE PENI…, Ch. II, Art. II, § I. On The Necessity Of Integrity: 1° In General; 2° Concerning Doubtful Sins; 3° Concerning The Circumstances Of Sins; 4° Concerning Forgotten Sins, nn. ¶1, ¶1360, ¶1361, ¶1362, ¶2, ¶1363, ¶3, ¶1364, ¶1365, ¶4 & ¶1366 (11 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, TREATISE ON THE SACRAMENT …, PART SECOND: ON THE SUBJEC…, OR ON THE ACTS OF THE PENI…, Ch. II, Art. II, § II, And Especially As Regards The Dying, nn. ¶1, ¶1367, ¶1368, ¶1369, ¶2, ¶1370 & ¶1371 (7 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, TREATISE ON THE SACRAMENT …, PART SECOND: ON THE SUBJEC…, OR ON THE ACTS OF THE PENI…, APPENDIX: ON THE EXAMINATION OF CONSCIENCE, nn. ¶1372, ¶1373 & ¶1374 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, TREATISE ON THE SACRAMENT …, PART SECOND: ON THE SUBJEC…, OR ON THE ACTS OF THE PENI…, APPENDIX: ON THE EXAMINATI…, ARTICLE III: ON THE REPETITION OF CONFESSION, nn. ¶1375, ¶1376 & ¶1377 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)

Pastoral Questions

Merkelbach, Pastoral Questions, VI. Questions Concerning Various Sins to Be Healed in Sacramental Confession (1935), Concerning Various Sins — To Be Healed in Sacramental Confession, nn. ¶4126, ¶4127, ¶4128, ¶4129, ¶4130, ¶4131, ¶4132, ¶4133, ¶4134, ¶4135, ¶4136 & ¶4137 (12 passages — hover a number to read it)

Summa Theologiae Moralis

Vol. III, Special Moral Theology: On…, Treatise: On Penance, Third Part: On the Parts o…, Chapter II: On Confession, n. 507 (5 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. III, Special Moral Theology: On…, Treatise: On Penance, Third Part: On the Parts o…, Ch. II, Question Two: On the Essence of Confession, nn. ¶1, 514, 515 & 516 (12 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. III, Special Moral Theology: On…, Treatise: On Penance, Third Part: On the Parts o…, Ch. II, Question Four: On the Effect of Confession, nn. ¶1, 532 & 533 (11 passages — hover a number to read it)

Christian Theology, Dogmatic and Moral, in Compendium

Diss. I, Chapter I — Propositions condemned by the Holy See, nn. 20, XX & LXII (3 passages — hover a number to read it)

Cases of Conscience for English-Speaking Countries, Volume II

Slater, Cases II, Penance, Case 2. A Convert's Confession, nn. ¶1, ¶2, ¶3, ¶4, ¶5, ¶6, ¶7, ¶8, ¶9, ¶10, ¶11, ¶12 & ¶13 (13 passages — hover a number to read it)

The Casuist: A Collection of Cases in Moral and Pastoral Theology

Vol. I, Case XVI: A Case of Confession, nn. ¶1, ¶2, ¶3, ¶4, ¶5, ¶6 & ¶7 (7 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. IV, Case LXIV: Confessions of the Clergy, nn. ¶1, ¶2, ¶3, ¶4, ¶5, ¶6, ¶7, ¶8, ¶9 & ¶10 (10 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. IV, Case LXXV: Confession Before Celebration, nn. ¶1, ¶2, ¶3, ¶4, ¶5, ¶6, ¶7, ¶8, ¶9, ¶10, ¶11, ¶12 & ¶13 (13 passages — hover a number to read it)

The Catechism of the Council of Trent (The Roman Catechism)

Pt. II, The Sacrament of Penance, nn. ¶83–¶115 (33 passages)

The Catechism Explained: An Exhaustive Exposition of the Christian Religion

Pt. III, II. THE SACRAMENTS, 4. THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE, General Confession, nn. ¶1, ¶2, ¶3, ¶4, ¶5 & ¶6 (6 passages — hover a number to read it)

Pt. III, II. THE SACRAMENTS, 4. THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE, Confession a Divine Institution, nn. ¶1–¶14 (14 passages)

Pt. III, II. THE SACRAMENTS, 4. THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE, The Advantages of Confession, nn. ¶1, ¶2, ¶3, ¶4 & ¶5 (5 passages — hover a number to read it)

The True Spouse of Jesus Christ

Chapter XVIII: The Frequentation of the Sacraments, nn. ¶2357, ¶2358, ¶2359, ¶2364, ¶2365, ¶2374, ¶2376, ¶2379, ¶2380, ¶2383, ¶2384, ¶2387, ¶2390, ¶2391, ¶2393, ¶2394, ¶2395, ¶2399, ¶2401, ¶2408 & ¶2409 (21 passages — hover a number to read it)

Guide for Catholic Young Women

Chapter XXX: Scruples of the Good Concerning Confession, nn. ¶338–¶351 (14 passages)

Public School Education

CHAPTER XV. Zeal of the Priest for the Catholic Education of Our Children, nn. ¶1–¶46 (46 passages)

Theologia Moralis: Principles — Responses — Counsels

Vol. III, Bk. II, Tr. V, Ch. II, § 3. On Confession, nn. 583–599 (17 passages)

Compendium of Moral Theology

Vol. II, Tr. XV, Pt. II, Ch. II, Article II. On the Integrity of Confession, n. 741 — A twofold integrity is distinguished, one material, the other formal. The first is situated in the accusation of all mortal sins which have been committed; but the other, namely formal, consists in the accusation of all … Read in context →

Vol. II, Tr. XV, Pt. II, Ch. II, Art. II, § I. On the Necessity of the Integrity of Confession, nn. 742, 743, 743, Q. 2, 743, Q. 3, 743, Q. 4, 743, Q. 5, 743, Q. 6, 743, 744, 744, Q. 2, 744, Q. 3, 744, Q. 4, 745, 746, 747, 747, Q. 2, 747, Q. 3, 747, Q. 4, 747, Q. 5, 747, Q. 6, 747, Q. 7, 747, Q. 8, 748, 749 & 749, Q. 2 (25 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Tr. XV, Pt. II, Ch. II, Art. II, § II. On Causes Excusing from Integrity, nn. 750, 751, 751, Q. 2, 751, Q. 3, 751, Q. 4, 751, Q. 5, 751, Q. 6, 751, Q. 7, 751, Q. 8, 751, Q. 9, 752 & 753 (12 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Tr. XV, Pt. II, Ch. II, Article III. On the Repetition of Confession, nn. 754, 755, 756, 757 & 758 (5 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Tr. XV, Pt. II, Ch. II, Art. III, § I. On the Necessity or Opportuneness of General Confession, nn. 759 & 760 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Tr. XV, Pt. II, Ch. II, Art. III, § II. On the Manner of Making General Confession, n. 761 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Treated under the broader heading Penance and Confession — Bucceroni, Moral Enchiridion · 1917 Code of Canon Law · Decretum of Gratian · Decretals of Gregory IX — these works do not divide the matter as finely as we do here, so their treatment stands one heading up (ed.)