A Topic of Moral Theology
Probabiliorism
The system that requires the safer opinion unless the freer one is more probable.
The works themselves ask 5 questions under this heading — see them together with their answers.
See also Equiprobabilism — in The moral systems
In the index as Probabiliorism (Probabiliorismus) · Tutiorism · Laxism (Laxismus) · Equiprobabilism · Probability · Probabilism · Moral system · Conscience · Doubt · Equiprobabilism of St. Alphonsus (Aequiprobabilismus S. Alphonsi) · Law · Principles · Certitude · Compensation · Doctors · Innocent XI · Mitigated Tutiorism (Tutiorismus mitigatus) · Moral systems (Systemata moralia) · Opinion · Prudence · Rigorism (Rigorismus) · Simple Probabilism (Probabilismus simplex) · St. Alphonsus · Systems
In the manuals
Read the manuals side by side → — each work's whole treatment in its own column
Summa of Moral Theology (Summa Theologiae Moralis)
§ 3. On Probabiliorism., n. 231 — 231. Probabiliorism teaches: it is lawful to follow the opinion for liberty if it is more probable than the opposite for the law. As regards the degree of greater probability which the more probable opinion must carry be… Read in context →
Manual of Moral Theology (Manuale Theologiae Moralis)
Vol. I, Bk. I, Tr. II, Diss. II, Pt. I, Sect. III, Ch. II, Art. I, § IV, Point I, State of the Question, Diverse Systems, n. 225 — III. Diverse systems. Seven are enumerated, namely: absolute Tutiorism, mitigated Tutiorism, Probabiliorism, Equiprobabilism, Probabilism, Laxism, and the System of Compensation. Absolute Tutiorism states: It is not lici… Read in context →
Vol. I, Bk. I, Tr. II, Diss. II, Pt. I, Sect. III, Ch. II, Art. I, § IV, Point II, That Is, Equiprobabilism, Thesis I, n. 226 — One who strictly doubts about the making of a law, in other words, one who holds it as equally or almost equally probable that the law has not been made and that it has been made, is not held to observe it. It is proved:… Read in context →
Moral Theology: A Complete Course (McHugh & Callan)
Vol. I, Pt. I, Q. IV, Art. 3. A Certain Conscience, Probabiliorism, nn. 683, 684, 685, 686 & 687 (5 passages — hover a number to read it)
Institutions of Moral Theology (Institutiones Theologiae Moralis)
Vol. I, On Conscience, III. On Probable Conscience, nn. 112 & 119 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)
Compendium of Moral Theology of Fr. John Peter Gury, S.J., with the Notes of Antonio Ballerini, S.J.
Vol. I, Treatise On Conscience, Ch. IV, Article II. On the Efficacy of Probability for Forming Conscience, nn. 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73 & 74 (60 passages — hover a number to read it)
Manuale Theologiae Moralis
Vol. I, Pt. I, Tract IV. On Conscience, Ch. VI, Article I. On The Notion Of The Individual Systems, n. 340 — 340. 3. Probabiliorism teaches that it is licit to follow the less safe opinion favoring liberty, provided that it is manifestly more probable than the opinion favoring law. This system was very commonly admitted before … Read in context →
Vol. I, Pt. I, Tract IV. On Conscience, Ch. VI, Art. II, § 1. On Probabiliorism, nn. 345 & 346 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)
Theologia Moralis Sancti Alphonsi: Reduced into a Compendium
Vol. I, Treatise on Conscience, Ch. IV, AND ON THE EQUI-PROBABILIS…, ARTICLE IV: VARIOUS SYSTEMS CONCERNING THE USE OF PROBABLE OPINION, nn. ¶61 & ¶62 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)
Vol. I, Treatise on Conscience, Ch. IV, AND ON THE EQUI-PROBABILIS…, Art. V, § III. Proof of the System, n. ¶85 — 85. - IV. Probabiliorism. This System adds uncertain obligations to certain obligations, and thus, with the number of obligations increased, it increases the number of sins. But from the principles of Equi-probabilism it… Read in context →
Summa Theologiae Moralis
Vol. II, Appendix. Excursus: On the Systems of Moralists concerning Solving Doubt of Conscience, nn. ¶1–¶45 (45 passages)
Compendium of Moral Theology
Vol. I, Tr. II, Ch. IV, Article II. On the Various Systems concerning Probability, nn. 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54 & 55 (8 passages — hover a number to read it)
Christian Theology, Dogmatic and Moral, in Compendium
Bk. II, Diss. II, Chapter II — What, and of how many kinds, is the probable, the more probable, the safe, and the safer opinion. The genuine sense of the question is proposed, n. VI — VI. Very many of the unskilled confound the safer opinion with the more probable, and the safe with the less probable. Hence the Probabiliorists are called by the unskilled crowd Tutiorists and Rigorists. But this is a p… Read in context →
Bk. II, Diss. II, Chapter III — By an evident and ineluctable argument it is proved that the doctrine of the licit use of the less probable opinion in view of the more probable is false and antievangelical, nn. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII & XIII (13 passages — hover a number to read it)
Bk. II, Diss. II, Chapter IV — By the authority of the Supreme Pontiff Alexander VII it is proved that the probabilistic system wars against the evangelical Law, nn. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII & ¶1 (8 passages — hover a number to read it)
Bk. II, Diss. II, Ch. V, Supreme Pontiff, Probabilism is proved to stand condemned, nn. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX & X (10 passages — hover a number to read it)
Bk. II, Diss. II, Chapter VI — By other weights of reasons Probabilism is overthrown, nn. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII & VIII (8 passages — hover a number to read it)
Bk. II, Diss. II, Chapter IX — By the authority of the Theologians Probabilism is condemned, nn. I–XIX (19 passages)
Bk. II, Diss. II, Chapter X — It is licit to embrace an opinion evidently more probable for liberty, the less probable and safer opinion for the law being left aside, nn. I, II, III & IV (4 passages — hover a number to read it)
Treated under the broader heading The moral systems — Slater, Manual of Moral Theology · Bucceroni, Commentaries (1910) · Tanquerey · Koch–Preuss · Vermeersch, Theologia Moralis · Marc, Institutiones Morales · Billuart, Summa Summae · Slater, Questions — these works do not divide the matter as finely as we do here, so their treatment stands one heading up (ed.)