Title — Liber Sextus
Rules of Law (Regulae iuris)
English · Latin · Both
1.Rule I
Boniface VIII. Rule I.
An ecclesiastical benefice cannot lawfully be obtained without canonical institution.
Bonifacius VIII.
Regula I.
Beneficium ecclesiasticum non potest licite sine institutione canonica obtineri.
The interpretation of law
2.Rule II
The same. Rule II.
A possessor in bad faith never acquires by prescription.
Idem. Regula II.
Possessor malae fidei ullo tempore non praescribit.
The interpretation of lawCited by 3 passages
- Konings, Theologia Moralis, Volume I, TREATISE ON RIGHT AND JUSTICE, FIRST PART: ON THE NATURE AND PRINCIPLES OF JUSTICE AND RIGHT, CHAPTER II: ON THE PRINCIPAL SPECIES OF RIGHT, ARTICLE I: ON DOMINION, § III. On the acquisition of dominion, ¶ 669
- Billuart, Summa Summae, Tomus III. On the Secunda Secundae (Faith to Justice), On Right and Justice, On the Ways of Acquiring Ownership, On the other way of acquiring ownership of things that belong to another, namely prescription, n. 10
- Bontempi, Palladium Theologicum V, Treatise I: On the Theological Virtues, Disputation XXIV: On Restitution, Question V: What ought to be restored, Subquestion II: What things are to be restored by reason of the manner in which they were acquired, Doubt III: When things acquired by prescription are to be restored, n. 5
3.Rule III
The same. Rule III.
Prescription does not proceed without possession.
Idem. Reg. III.
Sine possessione praescriptio non procedit.
The interpretation of lawCited by 2 passages
- Bucceroni, Institutions of Moral Theology, Volume II (1914), On the Seventh and Tenth Precepts of the Decalogue, III. On the Mode of Acquiring Ownership by Civil Law, n. 916
- Prümmer, Manuale Theologiae Moralis, Volume II, Treatise XI. On The Virtue Of Justice And The Opposed Vices, Section I. On Right And On The Virtue Of Justice Itself, Question I. On Right Itself, Chapter IV. On The Modes Of Acquiring Dominion, Article IV. On Prescription, § 2. On The Conditions Required For Legitimate Prescription, n. 62
4.Rule IV
The same. Rule IV.
A sin is not forgiven unless what was taken is restored.
Idem. Reg. IV.
Peccatum non dimittitur, nisi restituatur ablatum.
The interpretation of lawCited by 3 passages
- Gury-Ballerini, Compendium of Moral Theology (8th ed., 1884), Volume I, Treatise On Contracts, First Part. On Contracts in General, Chapter I. On the Requisites for Contracting, Article I. On the Matter of a Contract, n. 760
- Tanquerey, Volume III. On Justice, Contracts, and the Obligations of States of Life, On the Virtue of Justice (Volume III), Part I — Chapter III: On Restitution, n. 461
- Konings, Theologia Moralis, Volume I, TREATISE ON RIGHT AND JUSTICE, THIRD PART: ON RESTITUTION, CHAPTER I: ON THE OBLIGATION OF RESTITUTION, ¶ 713
5.Rule V
The same. Rule V.
Pardon for sin is not given except to one who has been corrected.
Idem. Reg. V.
Peccati venia non datur, nisi correcto.
The interpretation of law
6.Rule VI
The same. Rule VI.
No one can be bound to the impossible.
Idem. Reg. VI.
Nemo potest ad impossibile obligari.
The interpretation of lawCited by 1 passage
7.Rule VII
The same. Rule VII.
A personal privilege follows the person and is extinguished with the person.
Idem. Reg. VII.
Privilegium personale personam sequitur, et exstinguitur cum persona.
The interpretation of law
8.Rule VIII
The same. Rule VIII.
One who was once wicked is always presumed to be wicked.
Idem. Reg. VIII.
Semel malus semper praesumitur esse malus.
The interpretation of lawCited by 1 passage
9.Rule IX
The same. Rule IX.
No one can ratify what was not done in his name.
Idem. Reg. IX.
Ratum quis habere non potest quod ipsius nomine non est gestum.
The interpretation of law
10.Rule X
The same. Rule X.
There is no doubt that ratification is carried back and is equated with a mandate.
Idem. Reg. X.
Ratihabitionem retrotrahi, et mandato non est dubium comparari.
The interpretation of lawCited by 1 passage
- Prümmer, Manuale Theologiae Moralis, Volume II, Treatise XI. On The Virtue Of Justice And The Opposed Vices, Section I. On Right And On The Virtue Of Justice Itself, Question III. On The Violation Of Justice And The Reparation Of Violated Justice, Chapter III. On Unjust Damaging, Article II. On Cooperative Damaging, § 1. On Positive Cooperation, 1. Command, Mandate, n. 101
11.Rule XI
The same. Rule XI.
When the rights of the parties are obscure, the defendant is to be favored rather than the plaintiff.
Idem. Reg. XI.
Quum sunt partium iura obscura, reo favendum est potius quam actori.
The interpretation of lawCited by 4 passages
- Vermeersch, Theologia Moralis, Volume II: On the Exercise of the Virtues (1924), Book II: On the Moral Virtues, Tractate V: On Justice, Chapter VII: On Offices, n. 514
- Marc, Institutiones Morales, Volume I, Part First: On the First Principles of Moral Theology, Treatise I: On Conscience, Chapter II: On Certain and Doubtful Conscience, Article II: On the Manner of Laying Aside Doubtful Conscience by Reflex Principles, ¶ 48
- Prümmer, Manuale Theologiae Moralis, Volume I, Part I, Tract IV. On Conscience, Chapter V. On Certain And Doubtful Conscience, Article II. On Doubtful Conscience, i.e., On Moral Doubt, § 2. On The Means For Solving Practical Doubt, n. 333
- Bontempi, Palladium Theologicum V, Treatise VII: On the Various States and Offices of Men, Disputation III: On the State of Regular Prelacy, Question VI: What solemnities a regular prelate, acting in judgment, is bound to observe, n. 23
12.Rule XII
The same. Rule XII.
In judgments no partiality toward persons is to be shown.
Idem. Reg. XII.
In iudiciis non est acceptio personarum habenda.
The interpretation of law
13.Rule XIII
The same. Rule XIII.
Ignorance of fact, not of law, excuses.
Idem. Reg. XIII.
Ignorantia facti, non iuris, excusat.
The interpretation of lawCited by 1 passage
14.Rule XIV
The same. Rule XIV.
When someone succeeds to the right of another, he is deemed to have a just cause of ignorance.
Idem. Reg. XIV.
Quum quis in ius succedit alterius: iustam ignorantiae causam censetur habere.
The interpretation of lawCited by 2 passages
15.Rule XV
The same. Rule XV.
Odious matters ought to be restricted, and favors enlarged.
Idem. Reg. XV.
Odia restringi, et favores convenit ampliari.
The interpretation of lawCited by 7 passages
- Bucceroni, Institutions of Moral Theology, Volume I (1914), On Conscience, V. On Doubtful Conscience, n. 150
- Bucceroni, Commentaries (1910), Second Commentary: On Conscience and on Probabilism, VI. On Doubtful Conscience, n. 156
- Tanquerey, Volume II. Fundamental Moral Theology; the Virtues and Precepts, Fundamental Moral Theology (Volume II), On Laws, n. 304
- Vermeersch, On Forbidden Books, Part One: General Notions, Chapter VI: The Right Interpretation of These Laws, I. What General Principles Are to Be Used, n. 26
- Vermeersch, Theologia Moralis, Volume I: Fundamental Theology (1922), Treatise III: On Laws, Chapter V: The Interpretation of Law, n. 182
- Prümmer, Manuale Theologiae Moralis, Volume I, Part I, Treatise III. On Laws, Chapter III. On Human Law, Article VII. On the Interpretation of Law. (Juridical Hermeneutics.), § 1. On Simple Interpretation, n. 230
- Konings, Theologia Moralis, Volume I, Treatise on Conscience, CHAPTER IV: ON PROBABLE AND IMPROBABLE CONSCIENCE, AND ON THE EQUI-PROBABILISM OF ST. ALPHONSUS MARIA DE LIGORIO, ARTICLE V: EQUI-PROBABILISM OF ST. ALPHONSUS, § III. Proof of the System, ¶ 90
16.Rule XVI
The same. Rule XVI.
It is fitting that a benefit granted by a prince remain in force.
Idem. Reg. XVI.
Decet concessum a principe beneficium esse mansurum.
The interpretation of lawCited by 4 passages
- Bucceroni, Institutions of Moral Theology, Volume III (1915), On the Particular Obligations of Regulars, IV. On Profession, n. 276
- Bucceroni, Institutions of Moral Theology, Volume III (1915), On Penance, IX. On the Jurisdiction of the Confessor, n. 768
- Bucceroni, Institutions of Moral Theology, Volume IV (1915), On Indulgences, n. 1355
- Billuart, Summa Summae, Tomus II. On the Prima Secundae, On Laws, On the Change of Laws, On the interpretation of laws, n. 7
17.Rule XVII
The same. Rule XVII.
A benefit granted by law is not to be taken away from anyone.
Idem. Reg. XVII.
Indultum a iure beneficium non est alicui auferendum.
The interpretation of law
18.Rule XVIII
The same. Rule XVIII.
That which by law does not subsist from the beginning is not validated by the passage of time.
Idem. Reg. XVIII.
Non firmatur tractu temporis quod de iure ab initio non subsistit.
The interpretation of lawCited by 6 passages
- Bucceroni, Institutions of Moral Theology, Volume I (1914), On the Second Precept of the Decalogue, III. On Oath, n. 558
- Bucceroni, Cases of Conscience, On the Second Precept of the Decalogue, 50. On a Vow, n. 8
- Gury-Ballerini, Compendium of Moral Theology (8th ed., 1884), Volume I, Treatise On the Precepts of the Decalogue, On the Second Precept of the Decalogue, Chapter II. On Oath, Article II. On the Obligation of a Promissory Oath, n. 312
- Konings, Theologia Moralis, Volume I, TREATISE ON CONTRACTS, FIRST PART: ON CONTRACTS IN GENERAL, CHAPTER I: ON THE REQUISITES FOR CONTRACTING, ARTICLE I: ON THE MATTER OF CONTRACT, ¶ 834
- Sabetti-Barrett, Compendium of Moral Theology, Volume I (1929), Treatise VI. On the Precepts of the Decalogue, On the Second Precept of the Decalogue, Chapter II. On Oath, Article II. On the Obligation of a Promissory Oath, n. 225
- Sabetti-Barrett, Compendium of Moral Theology, Volume I (1929), Treatise IX. On Contracts, Part I. On Contracts in General, Chapter II. On the Requisites for Contracting, Article I. On the Matter of Contract, n. 479
19.Rule XIX
The same. Rule XIX.
One who involves himself in a matter that does not belong to him is not without fault.
Idem. Reg. XIX.
Non est sine culpa, qui rei, quae ad eum non pertinet, se immiscet.
The interpretation of law
20.Rule XX
The same. Rule XX.
No one is prohibited from using several defenses.
Idem. Reg. XX.
Nullus pluribus uti defensionibus prohibetur.
The interpretation of law
21.Rule XXI
The same. Rule XXI.
What has once pleased cannot afterward displease.
Idem. Reg. XXI.
Quod semel placuit amplius displicere non potest.
The interpretation of law
22.Rule XXII
The same. Rule XXII.
No one ought to be burdened because of another’s hatred.
Idem. Reg. XXII.
Non debet aliquis alterius odio praegravari.
The interpretation of law
23.Rule XXIII
The same. Rule XXIII.
Without fault, unless a cause underlies it, no one is to be punished.
Idem. Reg. XXIII.
Sine culpa, nisi subsit causa, non est aliquis puniendus.
The interpretation of lawCited by 2 passages
- Marc, Institutiones Morales, Volume I, Part II: On the Precepts of the Decalogue and of the Church, Section Third: On Ecclesiastical Precepts and Penalties, TRACTATE II: On Censures and Ecclesiastical Penalties, CHAPTER I: On Censures in General, ARTICLE II: On the Infliction of Censures, § 3. ON THE CAUSE OR MATTER OF CENSURE, ¶ 1263
- Billuart, Summa Summae, Tomus II. On the Prima Secundae, On Laws, On the Power of Human Law, On penal law, n. 7
24.Rule XXIV
The same. Rule XXIV.
What someone does at a judge’s command is not deemed to have been done fraudulently, since he necessarily has to obey.
Idem. Reg. XXIV.
Quod quis mandato facit iudicis, dolo facere non videtur, quum habeat parere necesse.
The interpretation of law
25.Rule XXV
The same. Rule XXV.
Each person’s own delay is harmful to him.
Idem. Reg. XXV.
Mora sua cuilibet est nociva.
The interpretation of lawCited by 1 passage
26.Rule XXVI
The same. Rule XXVI.
Things done by a judge, if they do not belong to his office, have no force.
Idem. Reg. XXVI.
Ea, quae fiunt a iudice, si ad eius non spectant officium, viribus non subsistunt.
The interpretation of law
27.Rule XXVII
The same. Rule XXVII.
Neither injury nor fraud is done to one who knows and consents.
Idem. Reg. XXVII.
Scienti et consentienti non fit iniuria neque dolus.
The interpretation of lawCited by 3 passages
- Bucceroni, Institutions of Moral Theology, Volume II (1914), On the Seventh and Tenth Precepts of the Decalogue, XVIII. On Injustice, n. 1290
- Prümmer, Manuale Theologiae Moralis, Volume II, Treatise XI. On The Virtue Of Justice And The Opposed Vices, Section I. On Right And On The Virtue Of Justice Itself, Question III. On The Violation Of Justice And The Reparation Of Violated Justice, Chapter I. On Injustice In General, n. 76
- Marc, Institutiones Morales, Volume I, Part II: On the Precepts of the Decalogue and of the Church, Section II: On the Individual Precepts of the Decalogue, TREATISE V: On the Fifth Precept of the Decalogue, CHAPTER I: On Justice and Injury, ARTICLE II: On Injury and Injustice, ¶ 723
28.Rule XXVIII
The same. Rule XXVIII.
Things that depart from the common law are by no means to be drawn into precedent.
Idem. Reg. XXVIII.
Quae a iure communi exorbitant, nequaquam ad consequentiam sunt trahenda.
The interpretation of lawCited by 3 passages
- Bucceroni, Institutions of Moral Theology, Volume I (1914), On Laws, VIII. On Privileges, n. 257
- Bucceroni, Institutions of Moral Theology, Volume IV (1915), On Marriage, I. On Betrothals and on the Banns, n. 919
- Prümmer, Manuale Theologiae Moralis, Volume II, Treatise XI. On The Virtue Of Justice And The Opposed Vices, Section I. On Right And On The Virtue Of Justice Itself, Question I. On Right Itself, Chapter IV. On The Modes Of Acquiring Dominion, Article III. On Accession, n. 56
29.Rule XXIX
The same. Rule XXIX.
What touches all ought to be approved by all.
Idem. Reg. XXIX.
Quod omnes tangit debet ab omnibus approbari.
The interpretation of law
30.Rule XXX
The same. Rule XXX.
In obscure matters the minimum is to be followed.
Idem. Reg. XXX.
In obscuris minimum est sequendum.
The interpretation of lawCited by 7 passages
- Bucceroni, Cases of Conscience, On Conscience, 12. On Probable Conscience, n. 1
- Bucceroni, Institutions of Moral Theology, Volume I (1914), On Conscience, V. On Doubtful Conscience, n. 150
- Bucceroni, Commentaries (1910), Second Commentary: On Conscience and on Probabilism, VI. On Doubtful Conscience, n. 156
- Tanquerey, Volume II. Fundamental Moral Theology; the Virtues and Precepts, Fundamental Moral Theology (Volume II), On Laws, n. 305
- Vermeersch, Theologia Moralis, Volume I: Fundamental Theology (1922), Treatise IV: On Conscience, Chapter III: On Speculatively Doubtful Conscience, Article II: Various Opinions or Moral Systems, § 3. The True Moral System Is Established, n. 360
- Prümmer, Manuale Theologiae Moralis, Volume I, Part I, Treatise III. On Laws, Chapter III. On Human Law, Article VII. On the Interpretation of Law. (Juridical Hermeneutics.), § 1. On Simple Interpretation, n. 230
- Prümmer, Manuale Theologiae Moralis, Volume II, Treatise XI. On The Virtue Of Justice And The Opposed Vices, Section II. On the Potential Parts of the Virtue of Justice, Question I. On the Virtue of Religion (or on the First Three Precepts of the Decalogue), Chapter II. On the Acts of the Virtue of Religion, Article IV. On Vows, § 4. On the Obligation of a Vow, n. 408
31.Rule XXXI
The same. Rule XXXI.
One who is certain need not be made more certain.
Idem. Reg. XXXI.
Eum, qui certus est, certiorari ulterius non oportet.
The interpretation of law
32.Rule XXXII
The same. Rule XXXII.
That which is not lawful for the defendant is not lawful for the plaintiff.
Idem. Reg. XXXII.
Non licet actori quod reo licitum non exsistit.
The interpretation of law
33.Rule XXXIII
The same. Rule XXXIII.
No one can change his decision to the detriment of another.
Idem. Reg. XXXIII.
Mutare consilium quis non potest in alterius detrimentum.
The interpretation of lawCited by 1 passage
34.Rule XXXIV
The same. Rule XXXIV.
The general is derogated from by the specific.
Idem. Reg. XXXIV.
Generi per speciem derogatur.
The interpretation of lawCited by 2 passages
- Tanquerey, Volume II. Fundamental Moral Theology; the Virtues and Precepts, Fundamental Moral Theology (Volume II), On Laws, n. 306
- Billuart, Summa Summae, Tomus II. On the Prima Secundae, On Laws, On the Change of Laws, Appendix. On Privileges, n. 11
35.Rule XXXV
The same. Rule XXXV.
That which is greater always contains within itself that which is less.
Idem. Reg. XXXV.
Plus semper in se continet quod est minus.
The interpretation of law
36.Rule XXXVI
The same. Rule XXXVI.
One who has fraudulently ceased to possess is held as a possessor.
Idem. Reg. XXXVI.
Pro possessore habetur qui dolo desiit possidere.
The interpretation of lawCited by 1 passage
37.Rule XXXVII
The same. Rule XXXVII.
The useful ought not to be vitiated by the useless.
Idem. Reg. XXXVII. Utile non debet per inutile vitiari.
The interpretation of lawCited by 2 passages
- Tanquerey, Volume II. Fundamental Moral Theology; the Virtues and Precepts, Fundamental Moral Theology (Volume II), On Laws, n. 319
- Marc, Institutiones Morales, Volume I, Part II: On the Precepts of the Decalogue and of the Church, Section II: On the Individual Precepts of the Decalogue, TREATISE VII: On the Seventh and Tenth Precept of the Decalogue, DISSERTATION IV: ON CONTRACTS, CHAPTER I: On Contracts in General, ARTICLE II: On the Requisites for Contracting, § 1. ON THE MATTER OF CONTRACT, ¶ 1035
38.Rule XXXVIII
The same. Rule XXXVIII.
No one ought to obtain fruit from that which he strove to oppose.
Idem. Reg. XXXVIII
Ex eo non debet quis fructum consequi, quod nisus exstitit impugnare.
The interpretation of law
39.Rule XXXIX
The same. Rule XXXIX.
When something is prohibited, everything that follows from it is prohibited.
Idem. Reg. XXXIX.
Quum quid prohibetur, prohibentur omnia, quae sequuntur ex illo.
The interpretation of law
40.Rule XL
The same. Rule XL.
A plural expression is satisfied by the number two.
Idem. Reg. XL.
Pluralis locutio duorum numero est contenta.
The interpretation of lawCited by 1 passage
- Concina, Theologia Christiana III, Book Four — On the Decalogue, Dissertation II — What the Obligation of a Vow Is: on the Doubtful Vow, the Indeterminate Vow, One Extorted by Fear or Error, the Conditional Vow, and the Penal Vow, Chapter VI — Several cases concerning vows indeterminate as to the quantity, or quality, of the matter, are resolved, n. XI
41.Rule XLI
The same. Rule XLI.
If someone does not do what was to be done through him, it ought not to be imputed to him when the failure does not rest with him.
Idem. Reg. XLI.
Imputari non debet ei, per quem non stat, si non faciat quod per eum fuerat faciendum.
The interpretation of law
42.Rule XLII
The same. Rule XLII.
It is fitting for the accessory to follow the nature of the principal.
Idem. Reg. XLII.
Accessorium naturam sequi congruit principalis.
The interpretation of lawCited by 2 passages
- Bucceroni, Institutions of Moral Theology, Volume II (1914), On the Seventh and Tenth Precepts of the Decalogue, II. On the Modes of Acquiring Ownership by Natural Law, n. 902
- Prümmer, Manuale Theologiae Moralis, Volume II, Treatise XI. On The Virtue Of Justice And The Opposed Vices, Section II. On the Potential Parts of the Virtue of Justice, Question I. On the Virtue of Religion (or on the First Three Precepts of the Decalogue), Chapter II. On the Acts of the Virtue of Religion, Article V. On the Oath, § 3. On the Obligation of an Oath, n. 454
43.Rule XLIII
The same. Rule XLIII.
One who is silent appears to consent.
Idem. Reg. XLIII.
Qui tacet, consentire videtur.
The interpretation of lawCited by 6 passages
- Bucceroni, Institutions of Moral Theology, Volume I (1914), On Human Acts, I. On the Nature of the Human Act, n. 45
- Bucceroni, Commentaries on Human Acts, Commentary IV: On the Other Divisions of the Voluntary, n. 46
- Gury-Ballerini, Compendium of Moral Theology (8th ed., 1884), Volume II, Treatise on Matrimony, Chapter I. On Betrothals, Article I. On the Nature of Betrothals, n. 722
- Marc, Institutiones Morales, Volume I, Part First: On the First Principles of Moral Theology, Treatise III: On Human Acts, Chapter I: On the Imputability of Human Acts, Article I: On the Principles of Imputability, § 1. On the Voluntary, ¶ 272
- Konings, Theologia Moralis, Volume I, Treatise on Human Acts, Chapter II: On the Principles of Human Acts, Article I: On the Voluntary, § I. On the Voluntary in General, ¶ 5
- Konings, Theologia Moralis, Volume I, TREATISE ON CONTRACTS, FIRST PART: ON CONTRACTS IN GENERAL, CHAPTER I: ON THE REQUISITES FOR CONTRACTING, ARTICLE III: ON THE CONSENT REQUIRED, § I. On the Qualities of Legitimate Consent, ¶ 847
44.Rule XLIV
The same. Rule XLIV.
One who is silent does not confess; but neither indeed does he appear to deny.
Idem. Reg. XLIV.
Is, qui tacet, non fatetur; sed nec utique negare videtur.
The interpretation of law
45.Rule XLV
The same. Rule XLV.
In obscure matters we consider what is more probable, or what usually happens more often.
Idem. Reg. XLV.
Inspicimus in obscuris quod est verisimilius, vel quod plerumque fieri consuevit.
The interpretation of lawCited by 4 passages
- Bucceroni, Cases of Conscience, On Conscience, 12. On Probable Conscience, n. 1
- Bucceroni, Cases of Conscience, On Conscience, 12. On Probable Conscience, n. 1
- Marc, Institutiones Morales, Volume I, Part First: On the First Principles of Moral Theology, Treatise I: On Conscience, Chapter III: On Probable Conscience, Article II: On the Use of Probability, § 2. On the Lawful Use of Probability, ¶ 100
- Prümmer, Manuale Theologiae Moralis, Volume I, Part I, Tract IV. On Conscience, Chapter VI. On the various moral systems, Article II. Judgment concerning the individual systems, § 1. On Probabiliorism, n. 345
46.Rule XLVI
The same. Rule XLVI.
One who succeeds to the right of another must use the same right as that other person.
Idem. Reg. XLVI.
Is, qui in ius succedit alterius, eo iure, quo ille, uti debebit.
The interpretation of law
47.Rule XLVII
The same. Rule XLVII.
Ignorance is presumed where knowledge is not proved.
Idem. Reg. XLVII.
Praesumitur ignorantia, ubi scientia non probatur.
The interpretation of law
48.Rule XLVIII
The same. Rule XLVIII.
No one ought to be enriched through the injury or loss of another.
Idem. Reg. XLVIII.
Locupletari non debet aliquis cum alterius iniuria vel iactura.
The interpretation of lawCited by 5 passages
- Bucceroni, Cases of Conscience, On the Seventh Precept of the Decalogue, 70. On Contracts, n. 1
- Konings, Theologia Moralis, Volume I, TREATISE ON RIGHT AND JUSTICE, THIRD PART: ON RESTITUTION, CHAPTER II: ON THE ROOTS OF RESTITUTION, ARTICLE I: ON THE ACCEPTANCE OF ANOTHER'S THING, § I. On the Possessor of Good Faith, ¶ 722
- Sabetti-Barrett, Compendium of Moral Theology, Volume I (1929), Treatise VIII. On Justice and Right, Part III. On Restitution, Section I. On Restitution in General, Chapter II. On the Roots of Restitution, Article I. On the Acceptance of Another's Thing, § I. On the Possessor of Good Faith, n. 417
- Billuart, Summa Summae, Tomus III. On the Secunda Secundae (Faith to Justice), On Right and Justice, On the Act of Commutative Justice, namely Restitution, How restitution is to be made by a possessor in good faith, n. 14
- Bontempi, Palladium Theologicum V, Treatise I: On the Theological Virtues, Disputation XXIV: On Restitution, Question III: Who is bound to restore, Doubt III: Whether one who has promised three or four times to restore, and has not restored, is to be absolved before restitution, n. 13
49.Rule XLIX
The same. Rule XLIX.
In penalties a more benign interpretation is to be made.
Idem. Reg. XLIX.
In poenis benignior est interpretatio facienda.
The interpretation of lawCited by 3 passages
- Bucceroni, Institutions of Moral Theology, Volume I (1914), On Laws, I. On the Nature of Law, n. 177
- Marc, Institutiones Morales, Volume I, Part II: On the Precepts of the Decalogue and of the Church, Section Third: On Ecclesiastical Precepts and Penalties, TRACTATE II: On Censures and Ecclesiastical Penalties, CHAPTER I: On Censures in General, ARTICLE I: On the Notion and Division of Censures, ¶ 1254
- Konings, Theologia Moralis, Volume II, Treatise on Censures, Chapter I: On Censures in General, Article I: On the Nature, Division, and Conditions of Censures, ¶ 1661
50.Rule L
The same. Rule L.
Legitimate acts admit neither a condition nor a day.
Idem. Reg. L.
Actus legitimi conditionem non recipiunt neque diem.
The interpretation of lawCited by 1 passage
- Wouters, Manual of Moral Theology, Volume I, Book II. On the Exercise of the Christian Life, or on the Cultivation of the Virtues, Treatise II. On the Cultivation of the Moral Virtues, Dissertation I. On the Precepts of the Decalogue, Part VII. On the Seventh and Tenth Precepts of the Decalogue, Section I. On Commutative Justice Itself, Chapter I. On Commutative Justice Generally, Article II. On the Objects of Commutative Justice, or on Strict Rights, § I. On Strict Rights Considered in Themselves, Point II. On Limited Ownerships, IV. On Possession, n. 777
51.Rule LI
The same. Rule LI.
What has once been dedicated to God is not thereafter to be transferred to human uses.
Idem. Reg. LI.
Semel Deo dicatum non est ad usus humanos ulterius transferendum.
The interpretation of lawCited by 1 passage
52.Rule LII
The same. Rule LII.
That which by law obtains no effect presents no impediment.
Idem. Reg. LII.
Non praestat impedimentum quod de iure non sortitur effectum.
The interpretation of law
53.Rule LIII
The same. Rule LIII.
One to whom the greater is lawful is certainly permitted the lesser.
Idem. Reg. LIII.
Cui licet quod est plus, licet utique quod est minus.
The interpretation of lawCited by 2 passages
- Bucceroni, Institutions of Moral Theology, Volume I (1914), On Laws, I. On the Nature of Law, n. 177
- Marc, Institutiones Morales, Volume I, Part II: On the Precepts of the Decalogue and of the Church, Section II: On the Individual Precepts of the Decalogue, TREATISE II: On the Second Precept of the Decalogue, CHAPTER III: On Vow, ARTICLE III: On the Cessation of a Vow, § 3. On Commutation of Vows, ¶ 649
54.Rule LIV
The same. Rule LIV.
One who is earlier in time is stronger in right.
Idem. Reg. LIV.
Qui prior est tempore potior est iure.
The interpretation of lawCited by 2 passages
- Bucceroni, Institutions of Moral Theology, Volume II (1914), On the Seventh and Tenth Precepts of the Decalogue, XXX. In What Order Restitution is to be Made, n. 1442
- Konings, Theologia Moralis, Volume I, TREATISE ON RIGHT AND JUSTICE, THIRD PART: ON RESTITUTION, CHAPTER III: ON THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF RESTITUTION, ARTICLE III: IN WHAT ORDER IS RESTITUTION TO BE MADE?, § II. On the Order of Restitution as to Creditors, ¶ 788
55.Rule LV
The same. Rule LV.
One who experiences the burden ought to experience the advantage, and conversely.
Idem. Reg. LV.
Qui sentit onus, sentire debet commodum, et e contra.
The interpretation of lawCited by 3 passages
- Bucceroni, Cases of Conscience, On Conscience, 12. On Probable Conscience, n. 6
- Bucceroni, Institutions of Moral Theology, Volume III (1915), On the Particular Obligations of Regulars, IV. On Profession, n. 275
- Sabetti-Barrett, Compendium of Moral Theology, Volume I (1929), Treatise II. On Conscience, Chapter IV. On Probable and Improbable Conscience, Article IV. On Special Rules and Applications of Probabilism, n. 67, Q. 5
56.Rule LVI
The same. Rule LVI.
In a common matter the condition of the person prohibiting is stronger.
Idem. Reg. LVI.
In re communi potior est conditio prohibentis.
The interpretation of law
57.Rule LVII
The same. Rule LVII.
An interpretation is to be made against one who could have spoken more clearly.
Idem. Reg. LVII.
Contra eum, qui legem dicere potuit apertius, est interpretatio facienda.
The interpretation of law
58.Rule LVIII
The same. Rule LVIII.
An oath taken contrary to good morals is not binding.
Idem. Reg. LVIII.
Non est obligatorium contra bonos mores praestitum iuramentum.
The interpretation of lawCited by 1 passage
59.Rule LIX
The same. Rule LIX.
One acts fraudulently who seeks what he himself ought to restore.
Idem. Reg. LIX.
Dolo facit, qui petit quod restituere oportet eundem.
The interpretation of law
60.Rule LX
The same. Rule LX.
One who can protect himself by a legitimate exception is not in delay.
Idem. Reg. LX.
Non est in mora qui potest exceptione legitima se tueri.
The interpretation of law
61.Rule LXI
The same. Rule LXI.
What is granted out of favor for someone is not to be turned to his detriment.
Idem. Reg. LXI.
Quod ob gratiam alicuius conceditur, non est in eius dispendium retorquendum.
The interpretation of lawCited by 1 passage
62.Rule LXII
The same. Rule LXII.
No one is bound on account of advice, provided that it was not fraudulent.
Idem. Reg. LXII.
Nullus ex consilio, dummodo fraudulentum non fuerit, obligatur.
The interpretation of law
63.Rule LXIII
The same. Rule LXIII.
One who raises an exception does not appear to admit the claim of his adversary.
Idem. Reg. LXIII.
Exceptionem obiiciens non videtur de intentione adversarii confiteri.
The interpretation of law
64.Rule LXIV
The same. Rule LXIV.
Things done contrary to law ought indeed to be held as not done.
Idem. Reg. LXIV.
Quae contra ius fiunt debent utique pro infectis haberi.
The interpretation of lawCited by 1 passage
65.Rule LXV
The same. Rule LXV.
In equal fault or cause, the condition of the possessor is stronger.
Idem. Reg. LXV.
In pari delicto vel causa potior est conditio possidentis.
The interpretation of lawCited by 7 passages
- Bucceroni, Commentaries (1910), Second Commentary: On Conscience and on Probabilism, VI. On Doubtful Conscience, n. 147
- Bucceroni, Institutions of Moral Theology, Volume III (1915), On the Particular Obligations of Laymen, I. On Judges, n. 18
- Gury-Ballerini, Compendium of Moral Theology (8th ed., 1884), Volume I, Treatise On Conscience, Chapter IV. On Probable and Improbable Conscience, Article III. On the Use of Probability, and on the Special Rules for Forming Conscience in Doubts, n. 79
- Billuart, Summa Summae, Tomus II. On the Prima Secundae, On Human Acts, On Moderate Probabilism, On the use of probability, and the special rules by which conscience is practically formed in doubts, n. 21
- Sabetti-Barrett, Compendium of Moral Theology, Volume I (1929), Treatise X. On Particular Obligations, Part I. On the Particular Obligations of Laymen, Chapter I. On the Obligations of Judges, n. 558
- Billuart, Summa Summae, Tomus III. On the Secunda Secundae (Faith to Justice), On Right and Justice, On the Subject and Object of Ownership, On the ownership of clerics, n. 18
- Billuart, Summa Summae, Tomus III. On the Secunda Secundae (Faith to Justice), On Right and Justice, On the Ways of Acquiring Ownership, On the other way of acquiring ownership of things that belong to another, namely prescription, n. 15
66.Rule LXVI
The same. Rule LXVI.
When it does not rest with the person to whom it belongs that a condition is not fulfilled, it ought to be held just as if the condition had been fulfilled.
Idem. Reg. LXVI.
Quum non stat per eum, ad quem pertinet, quo minus conditio impleatur: haberi debet perinde, ac si impleta fuisset;
The interpretation of lawCited by 1 passage
- Concina, Theologia Christiana III, Book Four — On the Decalogue, Dissertation II — What the Obligation of a Vow Is: on the Doubtful Vow, the Indeterminate Vow, One Extorted by Fear or Error, the Conditional Vow, and the Penal Vow, Chapter VIII — On the conditional vow, and on the penal vow, n. XI
67.Rule LXVII
The same. Rule LXVII.
What is not lawful for someone in his own name will not be lawful in another’s name either.
Idem. Reg. LXVII.
Quod alicui suo non licet nomine, nec alieno licebit.
The interpretation of law
68.Rule LXVIII
The same. Rule LXVIII.
Someone can do through another what he can do by himself.
Idem. Reg. LXVIII.
Potest quis per alium, quod potest facere per se ipsum.
The interpretation of lawCited by 1 passage
69.Rule LXIX
The same. Rule LXIX.
In evil promises it is not expedient that faith be kept.
Idem. Reg. LXIX.
In malis promissis fidem non expedit observari.
The interpretation of lawCited by 1 passage
70.Rule LXX
The same. Rule LXX.
In alternatives the choice belongs to the debtor, and it is sufficient that one alternative be fulfilled.
Idem. Reg. LXX.
In alternativis debitoris est electio, et sufficit alterum adimpleri.
The interpretation of law
71.Rule LXXI
The same. Rule LXXI.
One who is admitted to bring an action is much more to be admitted to raise an exception.
Idem. Reg. LXXI.
Qui ad agendum admittitur, est ad excipiendum multo magis admittendus.
The interpretation of law
72.Rule LXXII
The same. Rule LXXII.
One who acts through another is in the same position as if he acted by himself.
Idem. Reg. LXXII.
Qui facit per alium, est perinde, ac si faciat per se ipsum.
The interpretation of lawCited by 3 passages
- Bucceroni, Cases of Conscience, On Censures, 168. A Subdeacon Contracting Marriage, n. 1
- Tanquerey, Volume III. On Justice, Contracts, and the Obligations of States of Life, On the Obligations of States of Life (Volume III), Chapter II: On the Duties of Clerics, n. 1034
- Bontempi, Palladium Theologicum V, Treatise I: On the Theological Virtues, Disputation XXVI: On Homicide, Question III: Whether one who commands a homicide is to be burdened with the same guilt and punishment as the one who carries it out, n. 2
73.Rule LXXIII
The same. Rule LXXIII.
What has been done lawfully ought not to be retracted, although a case afterward occurs from which it could not have been begun.
Idem. Reg. LXXIII.
Factum legitime retractari non debet, licet casus postea eveniat, a quo non potuit inchoari.
The interpretation of lawCited by 1 passage
74.Rule LXXIV
The same. Rule LXXIV.
What is graciously granted to someone ought not to be drawn by others into precedent.
Idem. Reg. LXXIV.
Quod alicui gratiose conceditur, trahi non debet ab aliis in exemplum.
The interpretation of law
75.Rule LXXV
The same. Rule LXXV.
Someone vainly asks that faith be kept with him by a person with whom he refuses to keep the faith pledged by himself.
Idem. Reg. LXXV.
Frustra sibi fidem quis postulat ab eo servari, cui fidem a se praestitam servare recusat.
The interpretation of lawCited by 2 passages
- Wouters, Manual of Moral Theology, Volume II, Book III. On the Aids of the Christian Life, or on the Sacraments, Treatise VIII. On Matrimony, Dissertation II. On Matrimony Itself, Appendix II. On the Separation of Spouses, Part II. On Semi-Full Divorce, n. 840
- Prümmer, Manuale Theologiae Moralis, Volume II, Treatise XI. On The Virtue Of Justice And The Opposed Vices, Section II. On the Potential Parts of the Virtue of Justice, Question I. On the Virtue of Religion (or on the First Three Precepts of the Decalogue), Chapter II. On the Acts of the Virtue of Religion, Article V. On the Oath, § 3. On the Obligation of an Oath, n. 454
76.Rule LXXVI
The same. Rule LXXVI.
The offense of a person ought not to redound to the detriment of the church.
Idem. Reg. LXXVI.
Delictum personae non debet in detrimentum ecclesiae redundare.
The interpretation of law
77.Rule LXXVII
The same. Rule LXXVII.
It accords with reason that one who is substituted in honor should succeed to the burden.
Idem. Reg. LXXVII.
Rationi congruit, ut succedat in onere, qui substituitur in honore.
The interpretation of law
78.Rule LXXVIII
The same. Rule LXXVIII.
Things that have at times been granted because of necessity cannot be drawn into an argument.
Idem. Reg. LXXVIII.
In argumentum trahi nequeunt, quae propter necessitatem aliquando sunt concessa.
The interpretation of law
79.Rule LXXIX
The same. Rule LXXIX.
No one can transfer to another more right than is known to belong to himself.
Idem. Reg. LXXIX.
Nemo potest plus iuris transferre in alium, quam sibi competere dinoscatur.
The interpretation of law
80.Rule LXXX
The same. Rule LXXX.
There is no doubt that the part is contained in the whole.
Idem. Reg. LXXX.
In toto partem non est dubium contineri.
The interpretation of law
81.Rule LXXXI
The same. Rule LXXXI.
In a general grant those things are not included which someone would probably not grant specifically.
Idem. Reg. LXXXI.
In generali concessione non veniunt ea, quae quis non esset verisimiliter in specie concessurus.
The interpretation of lawCited by 5 passages
- Wouters, Manual of Moral Theology, Volume II, Book III. On the Aids of the Christian Life, or on the Sacraments, Treatise VII. On Order, Dissertation III. On the Reception of Order, Part III. On the Manner of Receiving Orders, Section II. On the Requisites for Licit Reception, Chapter II. On Irregularities and Other Impediments, Article IV. Cessation of Irregularities and Impediments, n. 644
- Wouters, Manual of Moral Theology, Volume II, Book III. On the Aids of the Christian Life, or on the Sacraments, Treatise VII. On Order, Dissertation IV. On Those Things which Regard Both the Ministration and the Reception of Order, Part III. On the Time and Place of Sacred Ordination, n. 655
- Bucceroni, Cases of Conscience, Concerning Beneficed Clerics, 102. On Bishops, n. 5
- Bucceroni, Institutions of Moral Theology, Volume IV (1915), On Irregularity, n. 1344
- Concina, Theologia Christiana III, Book Four — On the Decalogue, Dissertation III — On Those Who Can Vow, Chapter XII — On vows reserved to the Supreme Pontiff. The true interpretation of this reservation, n. XXVII
82.Rule LXXXII
The same. Rule LXXXII.
One who purchases contrary to the laws is presumed not to have good faith.
Idem. Reg. LXXXII.
Qui contra iura mercatur, bonam fidem praesumitur non habere.
The interpretation of law
83.Rule LXXXIII
The same. Rule LXXXIII.
Good faith does not permit what has once been exacted to be exacted again.
Idem. Reg. LXXXIII.
Bona fides non patitur, ut semel exactum iterum exigatur.
The interpretation of law
84.Rule LXXXIV
The same. Rule LXXXIV.
When something is prohibited to someone by one way, he ought not to be admitted to it by another.
Idem. Reg. LXXXIV.
Quum quid una via prohibetur alicui, ad id alia non debet admitti.
The interpretation of law
85.Rule LXXXV
The same. Rule LXXXV.
Contracts are known to receive their law from the agreement.
Idem. Reg. LXXXV.
Contractus ex conventione legem accipere dinoscuntur.
The interpretation of law
86.Rule LXXXVI
The same. Rule LXXXVI.
The loss that someone experiences through his own fault he ought to impute to himself, not to others.
Idem. Reg. LXXXVI.
Damnum, quod quis sua culpa sentit, sibi debet, non aliis, imputare.
The interpretation of law
87.Rule LXXXVII
The same. Rule LXXXVII.
Let the gates of dignities not stand open to infamous persons.
Idem. Reg. LXXXVII.
Infamibus portae non pateant dignitatum.
The interpretation of lawCited by 2 passages
- Bucceroni, Institutions of Moral Theology, Volume III (1915), On the Particular Obligations of Clerics, III. On Beneficiaries in General, n. 191
- Marc, Institutiones Morales, Volume I, Part II: On the Precepts of the Decalogue and of the Church, Section Third: On Ecclesiastical Precepts and Penalties, TRACTATE II: On Censures and Ecclesiastical Penalties, CHAPTER IV: On the Other Ecclesiastical Penalties, ¶ 1383
88.Rule LXXXVIII
The same. Rule LXXXVIII.
It is certain that one transgresses the law who, embracing the words of the law, strives against the law’s intention.
Given at Rome at Saint Peter’s, on the fifth day before the Nones of March, in the fourth year of our pontificate.
Idem. Reg. LXXXVIII.
Certum est, quod is committit in legem, qui, legis verba complectens, contra legis nititur voluntatem.
Data Romae apud sanctum Petrum, V. Nonas Martii, Pontificatus nostri anno quarto.
The interpretation of lawCited by 1 passage