Article I: Of Simple Convalidation

§ 1. To convalidate a marriage invalid because of a diriment impediment, it is required that the impediment cease or be dispensed, and that at least the party conscious of the impediment renew consent.

§ 2. This renewal is required by ecclesiastical law for validity, even if in the beginning both parties furnished consent and did not afterward revoke it.

The renewal of consent must be a new act of the will toward the marriage which is established to have been null from the beginning.

§ 1. If the impediment is public, consent is to be renewed by both parties in the form prescribed by law.

§ 2. If it is occult and known to both parties, it is enough that consent be renewed by both parties privately and secretly.

§ 3. If it is occult and unknown to one party, it is enough that only the party conscious of the impediment renew consent privately and secretly, provided that the other perseveres in the consent furnished.

§ 1. A marriage invalid because of defect of consent is convalidated if the party who had not consented now consents, provided that the consent furnished by the other party perseveres.

§ 2. If the defect of consent was merely internal, it is enough that the party who had not consented consent interiorly.

§ 3. If it was also external, it is necessary also to manifest the consent exteriorly, either in the form prescribed by law if the defect was public, or in another private and secret mode if it was occult.

A marriage null because of defect of form, in order that it become valid, must be contracted anew in legitimate form.