Chapter II: Of Censures in Species

§ 1. Censures are:

1° Excommunication.

2° Interdict.

3° Suspension.

§ 2. Excommunication can affect only physical persons, and therefore, if at any time it is borne against a moral body, it is understood to affect the individuals who concurred in the delict; interdict and suspension, also a community as a moral person; excommunication and interdict, also lay persons; suspension, clerics only; interdict, also a place; excommunication is always a censure; interdict and suspension can be either censures or vindicative penalties, but in doubt they are presumed censures.

In the canons which follow:

1° By the name of divine offices are understood functions of the power of order, which by institution of Christ or of the Church are ordered to divine worship and can be carried out only by clerics.

2° But by the name of legitimate ecclesiastical acts are signified: to exercise the office of administrator of ecclesiastical goods; to act the parts of judge, auditor and relator, defender of the bond, promoter of justice and of faith, notary and chancellor, courier and apparitor, advocate and procurator in ecclesiastical causes; to exercise the office of sponsor in the sacraments of baptism and confirmation; to cast a vote in ecclesiastical elections; to exercise the right of patronage.