Article II: Of Sanation in the Root

§ 1. Sanation in the root of a marriage is its convalidation, carrying with itself, besides the dispensation or cessation of the impediment, a dispensation from the law concerning renewing consent, and retrotraction, by fiction of law, concerning canonical effects, to the past.

§ 2. Convalidation takes place from the moment of the concession of the grace; but retrotraction is understood to have been made to the beginning of the marriage, unless something else is expressly provided.

§ 3. Dispensation from the law concerning renewing consent can also be granted with only one or both parties unaware.

§ 1. Any marriage entered with the naturally sufficient consent of both parties, but juridically inefficacious because of a diriment impediment of ecclesiastical law or because of defect of legitimate form, can be sanated in the root, provided that consent perseveres.

§ 2. But a marriage contracted with an impediment of natural or divine law, even if afterward the impediment has ceased, the Church does not sanate in the root, not even from the moment of the cessation of the impediment.

§ 1. If consent is lacking in both parties or in either party, the marriage cannot be sanated in the root, whether consent was lacking from the beginning or, having been furnished from the beginning, was afterward revoked.

§ 2. But if consent was indeed lacking from the beginning, but afterward was furnished, sanation can be granted from the moment of the consent furnished.

Sanation in the root can be granted only by the Apostolic See.