Title — 1917 Code of Canon Law
Title II: Of Custom
Superseded as law in 1983 — read why this Code still matters. Each canon links to its 1983 counterpart.
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Can. 25.Custom in the Church obtains the force of law solely from the consent of the competent ecclesiastical Superior.
Consuetudo in Ecclesia vim legis a consensu competentis Superioris ecclesiastici unice obtinet.
1983 Code correlation: can. 23
LawEcclesiastical LawCustomCited by 12 passages
- Wouters, Manual of Moral Theology, Volume I, Book I. On the General Principles of the Christian Life, Treatise II. On Motion in Order to the Final End, or on the Human Act, Considered according to Moral Being, Dissertation II. On Human Acts Considered according to Moral Being, Part I. On Morality in General, Section III. On the Rules of Morality, Chapter I. On Law, Article IX. On Those Things which Complete the Doctrine of Laws, § I. On Custom, n. 191
- Wouters, Manual of Moral Theology, Volume I, Book I. On the General Principles of the Christian Life, Treatise II. On Motion in Order to the Final End, or on the Human Act, Considered according to Moral Being, Dissertation II. On Human Acts Considered according to Moral Being, Part I. On Morality in General, Section III. On the Rules of Morality, Chapter I. On Law, Article IX. On Those Things which Complete the Doctrine of Laws, § I. On Custom, n. 194
- McHugh–Callan, Moral Theology, Volume I, Part I. General Moral Theology, Question I. The Last End of Man and the Means to That End, Art. 1. The Last End of Man, The Existence of the Last End, n. 19
- McHugh–Callan, Moral Theology, Volume I, Part I. General Moral Theology, Question III. Law, Art. 5. Ecclesiastical Law, Custom, n. 508
- Tanquerey, Volume II. Fundamental Moral Theology; the Virtues and Precepts, Fundamental Moral Theology (Volume II), On Laws, n. 320
- Merkelbach, Summa Theologiae Moralis, Volume I. On Principles (1935), General Moral Theology, Treatise: On Laws in General, Section C: On the Laws Which Rule Supernatural Acts, Sixth Part: On Ecclesiastical Law, First Question: On Ecclesiastical Law According to Itself, Article III: On the Formation of Ecclesiastical Law, n. 329
- Marc, Institutiones Morales, Volume I, Supplement: Dispositions of the Code of Canon Law Which Pertain to Moral Theology, PART I, TRACTATE II: On Laws, ¶ 7
- Merkelbach, Summa Theologiae Moralis, Volume I. On Principles (1935), General Moral Theology, Treatise: On Laws in General, Section C: On the Laws Which Rule Supernatural Acts, Sixth Part: On Ecclesiastical Law, Third Question: On the Mutability of Ecclesiastical Law, Article VII: On Custom, n. 404
- Sabetti-Barrett, Compendium of Moral Theology, Volume I (1929), Treatise III. On Laws, Part II. On the Principal Species of Laws, Chapter III. On Ecclesiastical Law, n. 110
- Sabetti-Barrett, Compendium of Moral Theology, Volume I (1929), Treatise III. On Laws, Part II. On the Principal Species of Laws, Chapter VII. On Unwritten Law, or on Custom, n. 119
- Sabetti-Barrett, Compendium of Moral Theology, Volume II (1929), List of Canons, ¶ 1
- Rickaby, Moral Philosophy, Part I. Ethics, Chapter IV. Of Passions, Section I. Of Passions in General, n. 10
Can. 26.A community which is at least capable of receiving ecclesiastical law can introduce a custom which obtains the force of law.
Communitas quae legis ecclesiasticae saltem recipiendae capax est, potest consuetudinem inducere quae vim legis obtineat.
1983 Code correlation: can. 25
LawEcclesiastical LawCustomCited by 14 passages
- Wouters, Manual of Moral Theology, Volume I, Book I. On the General Principles of the Christian Life, Treatise II. On Motion in Order to the Final End, or on the Human Act, Considered according to Moral Being, Dissertation II. On Human Acts Considered according to Moral Being, Part I. On Morality in General, Section III. On the Rules of Morality, Chapter I. On Law, Article II. On the Nature of Laws in Species, Section III. On Positive Law, Scholion II. On Ecclesiastical Law, n. 94
- Wouters, Manual of Moral Theology, Volume I, Book I. On the General Principles of the Christian Life, Treatise II. On Motion in Order to the Final End, or on the Human Act, Considered according to Moral Being, Dissertation II. On Human Acts Considered according to Moral Being, Part I. On Morality in General, Section III. On the Rules of Morality, Chapter I. On Law, Article IX. On Those Things which Complete the Doctrine of Laws, § I. On Custom, n. 194
- McHugh–Callan, Moral Theology, Volume I, Part I. General Moral Theology, Question I. The Last End of Man and the Means to That End, Art. 1. The Last End of Man, The Existence of the Last End, n. 19
- McHugh–Callan, Moral Theology, Volume I, Part I. General Moral Theology, Question III. Law, Art. 5. Ecclesiastical Law, Custom, n. 507
- McHugh–Callan, Moral Theology, Volume I, Part I. General Moral Theology, Question III. Law, Art. 5. Ecclesiastical Law, Custom, n. 508
- Vermeersch, Theologia Moralis, Volume III: On Persons, the Sacraments, and the Precepts and Censures of the Church (1922-23), Book III: On the Precepts of the Church and Censures, Treatise II: On Censures, Appendices, To n. 344. - Appendix VIII. Historical Matters Concerning Altars, ¶ 1
- Marc, Institutiones Morales, Volume I, Supplement: Dispositions of the Code of Canon Law Which Pertain to Moral Theology, PART I, TRACTATE II: On Laws, ¶ 7
- Merkelbach, Summa Theologiae Moralis, Volume I. On Principles (1935), General Moral Theology, Treatise: On Laws in General, Section C: On the Laws Which Rule Supernatural Acts, Sixth Part: On Ecclesiastical Law, Third Question: On the Mutability of Ecclesiastical Law, Article VII: On Custom, n. 404
- Merkelbach, Summa Theologiae Moralis, Volume I. On Principles (1935), Special Moral Theology, Treatise: On Divine Charity, Second Part: On the Object of Charity, Question Two: On the Material Object of Charity, Article I: On Those to Be Loved from Charity Generally, n. 883
- Sabetti-Barrett, Compendium of Moral Theology, Volume I (1929), Treatise III. On Laws, Part II. On the Principal Species of Laws, Chapter III. On Ecclesiastical Law, n. 110
- Sabetti-Barrett, Compendium of Moral Theology, Volume I (1929), Treatise III. On Laws, Part II. On the Principal Species of Laws, Chapter VII. On Unwritten Law, or on Custom, n. 119
- Sabetti-Barrett, Compendium of Moral Theology, Volume II (1929), List of Canons, ¶ 1
- Rickaby, Moral Philosophy, Part I. Ethics, Chapter IV. Of Passions, Section I. Of Passions in General, n. 10
- Rickaby, Moral Philosophy, Part III. Natural Law, Chapter II. Of the Duty of Preserving Life, Section III. Of Suicide, n. 8
Can. 27.§ 1. No custom can derogate in any way from divine law, whether natural or positive; nor does it prejudice ecclesiastical law unless it has been reasonable and legitimately prescribed through forty continuous and complete years; but against an ecclesiastical law which contains a clause prohibiting future customs, only a reasonable centenary or immemorial custom can prescribe.
§ 2. A custom which is expressly reprobated in the law is not reasonable.
§ 1. Iuri divino sive naturali sive positivo nulla consuetudo potest aliquatenus derogare; sed neque iuri ecclesiastico praeiudicium affert, nisi fuerit rationabilis et legitime per annos quadraginta continuos et completos praescripta; contra legem vero ecclesiasticam quae clausulam contineat futuras consuetudines prohibentem, sola praescribere potest rationabilis consuetudo centenaria aut immemorabilis.
§ 2. Consuetudo quae in iure expresse reprobatur non est rationabilis.
1983 Code correlation: can. 26
LawEcclesiastical LawCustomCited by 31+ passages
- Slater, Manual of Moral Theology, Volume I, Book III. Law, Chapter IX. The Cessation of Law, Section I. Custom, n. 3
- Slater, Manual of Moral Theology, Volume I, Book III. Law, Chapter IX. The Cessation of Law, Section I. Custom, n. 4
- Wouters, Manual of Moral Theology, Volume I, Book I. On the General Principles of the Christian Life, Treatise II. On Motion in Order to the Final End, or on the Human Act, Considered according to Moral Being, Dissertation II. On Human Acts Considered according to Moral Being, Part I. On Morality in General, Section III. On the Rules of Morality, Chapter I. On Law, Article IX. On Those Things which Complete the Doctrine of Laws, § I. On Custom, n. 192
- Wouters, Manual of Moral Theology, Volume I, Book I. On the General Principles of the Christian Life, Treatise II. On Motion in Order to the Final End, or on the Human Act, Considered according to Moral Being, Dissertation II. On Human Acts Considered according to Moral Being, Part I. On Morality in General, Section III. On the Rules of Morality, Chapter I. On Law, Article IX. On Those Things which Complete the Doctrine of Laws, § I. On Custom, n. 193
- Wouters, Manual of Moral Theology, Volume I, Book I. On the General Principles of the Christian Life, Treatise II. On Motion in Order to the Final End, or on the Human Act, Considered according to Moral Being, Dissertation II. On Human Acts Considered according to Moral Being, Part I. On Morality in General, Section III. On the Rules of Morality, Chapter I. On Law, Article IX. On Those Things which Complete the Doctrine of Laws, § I. On Custom, n. 194
- Wouters, Manual of Moral Theology, Volume II, Book III. On the Aids of the Christian Life, or on the Sacraments, Treatise IV. On the Most Holy Eucharist, Dissertation III. On the Most Holy Eucharist as Sacrifice, Part II. On the Oblation of the Sacrifice of the Mass, Section II. On the Obligation of Offering, Chapter IV. On the Rite of Offering, Article IV. On Rubrics to Be Observed, n. 270
- Wouters, Manual of Moral Theology, Volume II, Book III. On the Aids of the Christian Life, or on the Sacraments, Treatise VIII. On Matrimony, Dissertation II. On Matrimony Itself, Part II. On Matrimony, Insofar as It Is a Sacrament, Particularly, Section III. On the Reception of the Sacrament of Marriage, Chapter I. On Impediments in General, n. 756
- McHugh–Callan, Moral Theology, Volume I, Part I. General Moral Theology, Question I. The Last End of Man and the Means to That End, Art. 1. The Last End of Man, The Existence of the Last End, n. 19
- McHugh–Callan, Moral Theology, Volume I, Part I. General Moral Theology, Question III. Law, Art. 5. Ecclesiastical Law, Custom, n. 509
- McHugh–Callan, Moral Theology, Volume I, Part I. General Moral Theology, Question III. Law, Art. 5. Ecclesiastical Law, Custom, n. 510
- McHugh–Callan, Moral Theology, Volume I, Part I. General Moral Theology, Question III. Law, Art. 5. Ecclesiastical Law, Custom, n. 511
- Tanquerey, Volume II. Fundamental Moral Theology; the Virtues and Precepts, Fundamental Moral Theology (Volume II), On Laws, n. 327
- Tanquerey, Volume II. Fundamental Moral Theology; the Virtues and Precepts, Fundamental Moral Theology (Volume II), On Laws, n. 328
- Koch–Preuss, Volume II: Sin and the Means of Grace, Part I: Sin, Chapter I: Nature and Origin of Sin—Mortal and Venial Sins—Temptations and Occasions of Sin, Section 2: Mortal and Venial Sins, ¶ 10
- Vermeersch, Theologia Moralis, Volume I: Fundamental Theology (1922), Treatise III: On Laws, Chapter II: On Human Law, Article I: Common Points of Human Law, § 2. On the Authority of the People and on the Secondary Forms of Human Law, n. 260
- Vermeersch, Theologia Moralis, Volume I: Fundamental Theology (1922), Treatise III: On Laws, Chapter II: On Human Law, Article III: On Civil Law, n. 336
- Prümmer, Manuale Theologiae Moralis, Volume I, Part I, Treatise III. On Laws, Chapter III. On Human Law, Article VIII. On the Cessation of Law, § 5. On the cessation of law through custom, n. 276
- Prümmer, Manuale Theologiae Moralis, Volume I, Part I, Treatise III. On Laws, Chapter III. On Human Law, Article VIII. On the Cessation of Law, § 5. On the cessation of law through custom, n. 281
- Marc, Institutiones Morales, Volume I, Supplement: Dispositions of the Code of Canon Law Which Pertain to Moral Theology, PART I, TRACTATE II: On Laws, ¶ 7
- Merkelbach, Summa Theologiae Moralis, Volume I. On Principles (1935), General Moral Theology, Treatise: On Laws in General, Section C: On the Laws Which Rule Supernatural Acts, Sixth Part: On Ecclesiastical Law, Second Question: On the Power or Obligation of Ecclesiastical Law, Article VII: On the Interpretation of Ecclesiastical Law, n. 367
- Merkelbach, Summa Theologiae Moralis, Volume I. On Principles (1935), General Moral Theology, Treatise: On Laws in General, Section C: On the Laws Which Rule Supernatural Acts, Sixth Part: On Ecclesiastical Law, Third Question: On the Mutability of Ecclesiastical Law, Article VII: On Custom, n. 404
- Merkelbach, Summa Theologiae Moralis, Volume I. On Principles (1935), General Moral Theology, Treatise: On Laws in General, Section C: On the Laws Which Rule Supernatural Acts, Sixth Part: On Ecclesiastical Law, Third Question: On the Mutability of Ecclesiastical Law, Article VII: On Custom, n. 405
- Merkelbach, Summa Theologiae Moralis, Volume I. On Principles (1935), General Moral Theology, Treatise: On Laws in General, Section C: On the Laws Which Rule Supernatural Acts, Sixth Part: On Ecclesiastical Law, Third Question: On the Mutability of Ecclesiastical Law, Article VII: On Custom, n. 406
- Merkelbach, Summa Theologiae Moralis, Volume I. On Principles (1935), General Moral Theology, Treatise: On Laws in General, Section C: On the Laws Which Rule Supernatural Acts, Sixth Part: On Ecclesiastical Law, Third Question: On the Mutability of Ecclesiastical Law, Article VII: On Custom, n. 406
- Merkelbach, Summa Theologiae Moralis, Volume I. On Principles (1935), General Moral Theology, Treatise: On Laws in General, Section C: On the Laws Which Rule Supernatural Acts, Sixth Part: On Ecclesiastical Law, Third Question: On the Mutability of Ecclesiastical Law, Article VII: On Custom, n. 408
- Merkelbach, Summa Theologiae Moralis, Volume I. On Principles (1935), Special Moral Theology, Treatise: On Divine Charity, Second Part: On the Object of Charity, Question Three: On the Order of Charity, n. 902
- Merkelbach, Summa Theologiae Moralis, Volume III. On the Sacraments (1962), Special Moral Theology: On the Sacraments, Treatise: On Matrimony, Third Part: On the Impediments of Matrimony, Question One: On Impediments in General, n. 860
- Sabetti-Barrett, Compendium of Moral Theology, Volume I (1929), Treatise III. On Laws, Part II. On the Principal Species of Laws, Chapter III. On Ecclesiastical Law, n. 110
- Sabetti-Barrett, Compendium of Moral Theology, Volume I (1929), Treatise III. On Laws, Part II. On the Principal Species of Laws, Chapter VII. On Unwritten Law, or on Custom, n. 119, Q. 2
- Sabetti-Barrett, Compendium of Moral Theology, Volume II (1929), List of Canons, ¶ 1
Can. 28.A custom beyond the law, which has knowingly been observed by a community with the intention of binding itself, introduces a law, if likewise it has been reasonable and legitimately prescribed through forty continuous and complete years.
Consuetudo praeter legem, quae scienter a communitate cum animo se obligandi servata sit, legem inducit, si pariter fuerit rationabilis et legitime per annos quadraginta continuos et completos praescripta.
1983 Code correlation: can. 28
LawEcclesiastical LawCustomCited by 17 passages
- Wouters, Manual of Moral Theology, Volume I, Book I. On the General Principles of the Christian Life, Treatise II. On Motion in Order to the Final End, or on the Human Act, Considered according to Moral Being, Dissertation II. On Human Acts Considered according to Moral Being, Part I. On Morality in General, Section III. On the Rules of Morality, Chapter I. On Law, Article IX. On Those Things which Complete the Doctrine of Laws, § I. On Custom, n. 194
- McHugh–Callan, Moral Theology, Volume I, Part I. General Moral Theology, Question I. The Last End of Man and the Means to That End, Art. 1. The Last End of Man, The Existence of the Last End, n. 19
- McHugh–Callan, Moral Theology, Volume I, Part I. General Moral Theology, Question III. Law, Art. 5. Ecclesiastical Law, Custom, n. 509
- McHugh–Callan, Moral Theology, Volume I, Part I. General Moral Theology, Question III. Law, Art. 5. Ecclesiastical Law, Custom, n. 510
- McHugh–Callan, Moral Theology, Volume I, Part I. General Moral Theology, Question III. Law, Art. 5. Ecclesiastical Law, Custom, n. 511
- Tanquerey, Volume II. Fundamental Moral Theology; the Virtues and Precepts, Fundamental Moral Theology (Volume II), On Laws, n. 327
- Vermeersch, Theologia Moralis, Volume I: Fundamental Theology (1922), Treatise III: On Laws, Chapter II: On Human Law, Article I: Common Points of Human Law, § 2. On the Authority of the People and on the Secondary Forms of Human Law, n. 260
- Vermeersch, Theologia Moralis, Volume I: Fundamental Theology (1922), Treatise III: On Laws, Chapter II: On Human Law, Article III: On Civil Law, n. 336
- Marc, Institutiones Morales, Volume I, Supplement: Dispositions of the Code of Canon Law Which Pertain to Moral Theology, PART I, TRACTATE II: On Laws, ¶ 7
- Merkelbach, Summa Theologiae Moralis, Volume I. On Principles (1935), General Moral Theology, Treatise: On Laws in General, Section C: On the Laws Which Rule Supernatural Acts, Sixth Part: On Ecclesiastical Law, Second Question: On the Power or Obligation of Ecclesiastical Law, Article VII: On the Interpretation of Ecclesiastical Law, n. 367
- Merkelbach, Summa Theologiae Moralis, Volume I. On Principles (1935), General Moral Theology, Treatise: On Laws in General, Section C: On the Laws Which Rule Supernatural Acts, Sixth Part: On Ecclesiastical Law, Third Question: On the Mutability of Ecclesiastical Law, Article VII: On Custom, n. 405
- Prümmer, Manuale Theologiae Moralis, Volume III, Part II. On The Sacraments In General And In Particular, Treatise X. On Matrimony, Chapter VII. On Matrimonial Consent, Article II. On Defects of Matrimonial Consent, § 2. On the Defect of Consent Through Force and Fear, n. 747
- Merkelbach, Summa Theologiae Moralis, Volume I. On Principles (1935), Special Moral Theology, Treatise: On Divine Charity, Second Part: On the Object of Charity, Question Three: On the Order of Charity, n. 902
- Sabetti-Barrett, Compendium of Moral Theology, Volume I (1929), Treatise II. On Conscience, Chapter IV. On Probable and Improbable Conscience, Article III. The System of Probabilism is Vindicated, n. 61
- Sabetti-Barrett, Compendium of Moral Theology, Volume I (1929), Treatise III. On Laws, Part II. On the Principal Species of Laws, Chapter III. On Ecclesiastical Law, n. 110
- Sabetti-Barrett, Compendium of Moral Theology, Volume I (1929), Treatise III. On Laws, Part II. On the Principal Species of Laws, Chapter VII. On Unwritten Law, or on Custom, n. 119, Q. 2
- Sabetti-Barrett, Compendium of Moral Theology, Volume II (1929), List of Canons, ¶ 1
Can. 29.Custom is the best interpreter of laws.
Consuetudo est optima legum interpres.
1983 Code correlation: can. 27
LawEcclesiastical LawCustomCited by 9 passages
- Slater, Manual of Moral Theology, Volume I, Book III. Law, Chapter VII. The Interpretation of Law, n. 1
- Wouters, Manual of Moral Theology, Volume I, Book I. On the General Principles of the Christian Life, Treatise II. On Motion in Order to the Final End, or on the Human Act, Considered according to Moral Being, Dissertation II. On Human Acts Considered according to Moral Being, Part I. On Morality in General, Section III. On the Rules of Morality, Chapter I. On Law, Article VI. On the Interpretation of Law, § I. On Interpretation Properly So Called, n. 140
- McHugh–Callan, Moral Theology, Volume I, Part I. General Moral Theology, Question I. The Last End of Man and the Means to That End, Art. 1. The Last End of Man, The Existence of the Last End, n. 19
- Tanquerey, Volume I. On Penance, Matrimony, and Holy Orders, On Penance (Volume I), Dogmatic Part — Chapter II: On the Acts of the Penitent, n. 116
- Koch–Preuss, Volume I: Morality, Its Subject, Norm, and Object, Morality, Its Subject, Norm, and Object, Chapter II: The Objective Norm of Morality—Law, Divine and Human, Section 10: Interpretation of the Law, ¶ 3
- Vermeersch, Theologia Moralis, Volume I: Fundamental Theology (1922), Treatise III: On Laws, Chapter II: On Human Law, Article I: Common Points of Human Law, § 2. On the Authority of the People and on the Secondary Forms of Human Law, n. 260
- Marc, Institutiones Morales, Volume I, Supplement: Dispositions of the Code of Canon Law Which Pertain to Moral Theology, PART I, TRACTATE II: On Laws, ¶ 3
- Merkelbach, Summa Theologiae Moralis, Volume I. On Principles (1935), General Moral Theology, Treatise: On Laws in General, Section C: On the Laws Which Rule Supernatural Acts, Sixth Part: On Ecclesiastical Law, Second Question: On the Power or Obligation of Ecclesiastical Law, Article VII: On the Interpretation of Ecclesiastical Law, n. 367
- Sabetti-Barrett, Compendium of Moral Theology, Volume I (1929), Treatise III. On Laws, Part II. On the Principal Species of Laws, Chapter III. On Ecclesiastical Law, n. 110
Can. 30.Without prejudice to the prescription of can. 5, a custom against the law or beyond the law is revoked by a contrary custom or by law; but, unless it has made express mention of them, a law does not revoke centenary or immemorial customs, nor does a general law revoke particular customs.
Firmo praescripto can. 5, consuetudo contra legem vel praeter legem per contrariam consuetudinem aut legem revocatur; sed, nisi expressam de iisdem mentionem fecerit, lex non revocat consuetudines centenarias aut immemorabiles, nec lex generalis consuetudines particulares.
1983 Code correlation: can. 28
LawEcclesiastical LawCustomCited by 15 passages
- Wouters, Manual of Moral Theology, Volume I, Book I. On the General Principles of the Christian Life, Treatise II. On Motion in Order to the Final End, or on the Human Act, Considered according to Moral Being, Dissertation II. On Human Acts Considered according to Moral Being, Part I. On Morality in General, Section III. On the Rules of Morality, Chapter I. On Law, Article VII. On the Effect, or on the Obligation, of Law, § I. On the Obligation of Law Generally, n. 147
- Wouters, Manual of Moral Theology, Volume I, Book I. On the General Principles of the Christian Life, Treatise II. On Motion in Order to the Final End, or on the Human Act, Considered according to Moral Being, Dissertation II. On Human Acts Considered according to Moral Being, Part I. On Morality in General, Section III. On the Rules of Morality, Chapter I. On Law, Article IX. On Those Things which Complete the Doctrine of Laws, § I. On Custom, n. 195
- McHugh–Callan, Moral Theology, Volume I, Part I. General Moral Theology, Question I. The Last End of Man and the Means to That End, Art. 1. The Last End of Man, The Existence of the Last End, n. 19
- McHugh–Callan, Moral Theology, Volume I, Part I. General Moral Theology, Question III. Law, Art. 5. Ecclesiastical Law, Custom, n. 513
- Vermeersch, Theologia Moralis, Volume I: Fundamental Theology (1922), Treatise III: On Laws, Chapter II: On Human Law, Article I: Common Points of Human Law, § 2. On the Authority of the People and on the Secondary Forms of Human Law, n. 262
- Marc, Institutiones Morales, Volume I, Supplement: Dispositions of the Code of Canon Law Which Pertain to Moral Theology, PART I, TRACTATE II: On Laws, ¶ 3
- Marc, Institutiones Morales, Volume I, Supplement: Dispositions of the Code of Canon Law Which Pertain to Moral Theology, PART I, TRACTATE II: On Laws, ¶ 7
- Merkelbach, Summa Theologiae Moralis, Volume I. On Principles (1935), General Moral Theology, Treatise: On Laws in General, Section C: On the Laws Which Rule Supernatural Acts, Sixth Part: On Ecclesiastical Law, Third Question: On the Mutability of Ecclesiastical Law, Article VII: On Custom, n. 405
- Merkelbach, Summa Theologiae Moralis, Volume I. On Principles (1935), General Moral Theology, Treatise: On Laws in General, Section C: On the Laws Which Rule Supernatural Acts, Sixth Part: On Ecclesiastical Law, Third Question: On the Mutability of Ecclesiastical Law, Article VII: On Custom, n. 405
- Merkelbach, Summa Theologiae Moralis, Volume I. On Principles (1935), General Moral Theology, Treatise: On Laws in General, Section C: On the Laws Which Rule Supernatural Acts, Sixth Part: On Ecclesiastical Law, Third Question: On the Mutability of Ecclesiastical Law, Article VII: On Custom, n. 409
- Merkelbach, Summa Theologiae Moralis, Volume I. On Principles (1935), General Moral Theology, Treatise: On Laws in General, Section C: On the Laws Which Rule Supernatural Acts, Sixth Part: On Ecclesiastical Law, Third Question: On the Mutability of Ecclesiastical Law, Article VII: On Custom, n. 409
- Merkelbach, Summa Theologiae Moralis, Volume III. On the Sacraments (1962), Special Moral Theology: On the Sacraments, Treatise: On Penance, Second Part: On the Effects of Penance, Question Three: On the Remission of Punishments, n. 463
- Sabetti-Barrett, Compendium of Moral Theology, Volume I (1929), Treatise III. On Laws, Part II. On the Principal Species of Laws, Chapter III. On Ecclesiastical Law, n. 110
- Sabetti-Barrett, Compendium of Moral Theology, Volume I (1929), Treatise III. On Laws, Part II. On the Principal Species of Laws, Chapter VII. On Unwritten Law, or on Custom, n. 119, Q. 2
- Sabetti-Barrett, Compendium of Moral Theology, Volume II (1929), List of Canons, ¶ 1