A Topic of Moral Theology

Duties of Ecclesiastical and Civil Rulers and their Subjects

The obligations of those who bear authority in Church and state, and the obedience, reverence, and lawful resistance of their subjects.

Within this topic

In the index as Servant · Deputies · Inferior · Obedience · Officials, Public · Master · Power · Superior · Leo the Thirteenth · Mutual offices and rights of princes and subjects · Piety · Rulers · Tyrant · A vote · Duties of citizens as to elections · Duties of subjects as to the election of deputies · Fatherland · Government · Judges · Offices · Princes · Rebellion · Reverence · Rights of citizens, mutual duties

Further reading Twenty Birds and Twenty Vices of the Powerful — on Leviticus 11 ↗ — Cornelius a Lapide, The Great Commentary, read off-site at lapide.org (public-domain translation) (ed.)

In the manuals

Summa of Moral Theology (Summa Theologiae Moralis)

Vol. II, Part Second. On the Precep…, Book Fourth. On the Fourth…, Question Third. On Obligations in Civil Society, n. 309 — 309. 1. Just as from several individuals a family arises, so from many families civil society arises, which generally consists in the organically associated assembly of several families. Therefore its elements are: the p… Read in context →

Vol. II, Part Second. On the Precep…, Book Fourth. On the Fourth…, Question Third. On Obligat…, Article First. On the Ruler, n. 310 — 310. His obligations. 1. Rulers are bound to procure the common good while preserving the liberty of individuals; therefore they must first know wherein the true good of society, namely the temporal happiness which they … Read in context →

Vol. II, Part Second. On the Precep…, Book Fourth. On the Fourth…, Question Third. On Obligat…, Article Third. On the Obligation of Subjection, nn. 312 & 313 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

A Manual of Moral Theology for English-Speaking Countries

Vol. I, Bk. VI, Pt. IV, Chapter VII. Duties of Ecclesiastical and Civil Rulers and their Subjects, nn. 1, 2, 3 & 4 (4 passages — hover a number to read it)

Institutions of Moral Theology (Institutiones Theologiae Moralis)

Vol. I, On the Fourth Precept of t…, V. Obligations of Inferiors and Superiors, nn. 692–707 (16 passages)

Synopsis of Moral and Pastoral Theology

Vol. III, Contracts, and the Obligat…, On the Obligations of Stat…, Chapter I: On the Duties of Laymen, nn. 989–1002 (14 passages)

A Handbook of Moral Theology (Koch–Preuss)

Vol. V, Pt. II, Ch. III, Section 1: Nature and Purpose of the State, nn. ¶1, ¶2, ¶3, ¶4, ¶5, ¶6, ¶7, ¶8 & ¶9 (9 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. V, Pt. II, Ch. III, Section 2: The Duties of Public Officials, nn. ¶1–¶24 (24 passages)

Theologia Moralis: Principles — Responses — Counsels

Vol. II, Bk. II, Tr. III, Chapter VII: On Piety Toward the Fatherland, nn. 315, 316, 317, 318 & 319 (5 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Bk. II, Tractate IV: On Observance…, Article II: On the Mutual Offices of Princes and Subjects, nn. 335, 336, 337 & 338 (4 passages — hover a number to read it)

Manuale Theologiae Moralis

Vol. II, Tr. XI, Sect. II, Q. II, Observance, and Obedience,…, Ch. II, Parents, Etc, Article VI. On the Obligations of Rulers and Subjects, nn. ¶69, 599, 600, 601, 602, 603 & 604 (7 passages — hover a number to read it)

Pastoral Questions

Ch. I, Question IV: Concerning Public Officials, nn. ¶4320–¶4357 (38 passages)

Summa Theologiae Moralis

Vol. II, Special Moral Theology: On…, Treatise: On the Cardinal …, Fifth Part: On the Virtues…, Section D: On Piety and Ob…, Ch. II, Question Four: On the Offices of Rulers and Subjects, nn. 846, 847 & 848 (16 passages — hover a number to read it)

Palladium Theologicum, Tome V: On the Virtues

Tr. VII, Disputation I: On States, …, Question I: What a state is, and of how many kinds, nn. 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67 & 68 (7 passages — hover a number to read it)

Public School Education

CHAPTER IX. The State.—Its Usurpation of the Individual Rights.—Its Incompetency to Educate, nn. ¶1–¶37 (37 passages)

CHAPTER X. The State a Robber.—Violation of Our Constitution and Common Law, nn. ¶1–¶33 (33 passages)

Moral Theology: A Complete Course (McHugh & Callan)

Vol. II, Pt. II, Q. II, Art. 6. The Remaining Pote…, Piety, n. 2346 — Definition of Piety. Definition of Piety.—Piety in the strictest sense is defined as “a moral virtue that inclines one to pay to father and fatherland the duty of respect and assistance that is owed them as the authors and sustainers of our … Read in context →

Vol. II, Pt. II, Q. III, Art. 1. The Duties of Memb…, General Duties of the Faithful, n. 2574 — The General Duties of the Faithful. The General Duties of the Faithful.—The Church has the power to make laws which will promote the common good of the whole body and the individual good of the members (see 418). Chief among the laws that bind the faithful… Read in context →

Vol. II, Pt. II, Q. III, Art. 1. The Duties of Memb…, Duties of Pastors, n. 2607 — Special Duties from Canon Law of Those Who Have Care of Souls. Special Duties from Canon Law of Those Who Have Care of Souls.—(a) Bishops have grave obligations of residing in their see or diocese (Canon 338), of attending to the instruction of their flock (Canons 1327, 336), of app… Read in context →

Vol. II, Pt. II, Q. III, Art. 2. Duties of Members …, The Duties of Subjects, n. 2636 — Duties of Subjects. Duties of Subjects.—The general duties of subjects to superiors are chiefly honor and obedience (see 2351 sqq.). (a) Honor.—Honor is owed to superiors on account of their position of authority, which is derived from God,… Read in context →

Vol. II, Pt. II, Q. III, Art. 2. Duties of Members of Domestic and Civil Society, Voting, nn. 2643, 2644 & 2645 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)

Moral Philosophy: Ethics, Deontology and Natural Law

Pt. III, Ch. VIII, Section I. Of the Monstrosities called Leviathan and Social Contract, nn. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 & 12 (12 passages — hover a number to read it)

Pt. III, Ch. VIII, Section II. Of the theory that Civil Power is an aggregate formed by subscription of the powers of individuals, nn. 1, 2 & 3 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)

Pt. III, Ch. VIII, Section III. Of the true state of Nature, which is the state of civil society; and consequently of the Divine origin of Power, nn. 1–15 (15 passages)

Pt. III, Ch. VIII, Section IV. Of the Variety of Polities, nn. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 & 12 (12 passages — hover a number to read it)

Pt. III, Ch. VIII, Section V. Of the Divine Right of Kings and the Inalienable Sovereignty of the People, nn. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 & 9 (9 passages — hover a number to read it)

Pt. III, Ch. VIII, Section VI. Of the Elementary and Original Polity, nn. 1, 2 & 3 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)

Pt. III, Ch. VIII, Section VII. Of Resistance to Civil Power, nn. ¶1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 & 7 (8 passages — hover a number to read it)

Pt. III, Ch. VIII, Section VIII. Of the Right of the sword, nn. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 & 8 (8 passages — hover a number to read it)

Pt. III, Ch. VIII, Section IX. Of War, nn. 1, 2, 3 & 4 (4 passages — hover a number to read it)

Pt. III, Ch. VIII, Section X. Of the Scope and Aim of Civil Government, nn. 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 (5 passages — hover a number to read it)

Pt. III, Ch. VIII, Section XI. Of Law and Liberty, nn. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 & 6 (6 passages — hover a number to read it)

Pt. III, Ch. VIII, Section XII. Of Liberty of Opinion, nn. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 & 10 (10 passages — hover a number to read it)

Rickaby, Moral Philosophy, Note on Rousseau, nn. ¶1, ¶2, ¶3 & ¶4 (4 passages — hover a number to read it)

Religion and Human Interests

Chapter VII: Religion and Liberty, nn. ¶46 & ¶47 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Back to Morality

Chapter XIII: Christian Patriotism, nn. ¶222, ¶223, ¶224, ¶225, ¶226, ¶227, ¶228, ¶229, ¶230, ¶231, ¶232, ¶233 & ¶234 (13 passages — hover a number to read it)

The Catechism of the Council of Trent (The Roman Catechism)

Pt. III, The Fourth Commandment, nn. ¶29, ¶30, ¶31, ¶32, ¶33, ¶34, ¶35, ¶36 & ¶37 (9 passages — hover a number to read it)

A Brief Text-Book of Moral Philosophy

Chapter III: Civil Society, nn. 221, 222, ¶461, 223, ¶463, 224, 225, ¶466, 226, ¶468, 227, 228, 229, 230, ¶473, 231, ¶475, ¶476, 232, 233, 234, ¶480, ¶481, ¶482, ¶483, 235, ¶485, ¶486, ¶487, 236, ¶489, ¶490, ¶491, 237, 238, ¶529, 251, 252, 253, 254, ¶534, ¶535, ¶536 & ¶537 (44 passages — hover a number to read it)

Institutiones Morales Alphonsianae

Vol. I, Pt. II, Sect. I, Tr. I, Ch. III, Art. III, § 1. On Liberty of Worships, nn. ¶444, ¶445 & ¶446 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Pt. IV, Tr. II, Ch. III, Article III: On The Obligations Of Pastors, n. ¶2265 — 2265. - Besides the obligations common to clerics and beneficiaries, PASTORS are bound by several others. These can be reduced to SEVEN heads, and are the following: 1. Residence; 2. Preaching and Instruction; 3. Adminis… Read in context →

Vol. II, Pt. IV, Tr. II, Ch. III, Art. III, § 1. On Residence, nn. ¶2266, ¶2267 & ¶2268 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Pt. IV, Tr. II, Ch. III, Art. III, § 2. On Preaching And Instruction, nn. ¶2269 & ¶2270 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Pt. IV, Tr. II, Ch. III, Art. III, § 3. On The Administration Of The Sacrament, nn. ¶2271 & ¶2272 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Pt. IV, Tr. II, Ch. III, Art. III, § 4. On The Obligation Of Praying For The People, n. ¶2273 — 2273. - The Pastor, not only secular, but also regular, is held by force of divine law TO PRAY and to apply the SACRIFICE OF THE MASS for the people. - This is established from these words of the Apostle (Heb. 5:1): "For… Read in context →

Vol. II, Pt. IV, Tr. II, Ch. III, Art. III, § 5. On The Care Of The Sick And The Poor, nn. ¶2274 & ¶2275 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Pt. IV, Tr. II, Ch. III, Art. III, § 6. On The Correction Of Sheep, nn. ¶2276 & ¶2277 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Pt. IV, Tr. II, Ch. III, Art. III, § 7. On Solicitude For Promoting Good, nn. ¶2278, ¶2279, ¶1, ¶2, ¶2280 & ¶2281 (6 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Pt. IV, Tr. III, Chapter I: On The Offices Of Those Who Are Over The Republic, n. ¶2283 — 2283. - Those who are over others, these Divine Wisdom itself gravely admonishes in this manner: "Give ear, you who contain multitudes, and please yourselves in the crowds of nations: because power has been given to you … Read in context →

Vol. II, Pt. IV, Tr. III, Ch. I, Article I: On The Offices Of Those In Whose Hands Is Supreme Power, nn. ¶2284 & ¶2285 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Pt. IV, Tr. III, Ch. I, Article II: On The Offices Of Those In Whose Hands Is Legislative Power, nn. ¶2286, ¶2287 & ¶2288 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Pt. IV, Tr. III, Ch. I, Article III: On The Offices Of Those In Whose Hands Is Executive Power, nn. ¶2289, ¶2290, ¶2291 & ¶2292 (4 passages — hover a number to read it)

Tolerance

Part II: Tolerance in Public Life, nn. ¶129, ¶130, ¶131, ¶132, ¶133, ¶134, ¶135, ¶136, ¶137 & ¶138 (10 passages — hover a number to read it)

Pt. II, First Section: Ecclesiastical, nn. ¶139, ¶140, ¶141, ¶142, ¶143, ¶144, ¶145, ¶146, ¶148, ¶149, ¶152, ¶153, ¶154, ¶155, ¶157, ¶158, ¶159, ¶160, ¶161, ¶163, ¶165, ¶166, ¶171, ¶172, ¶177, ¶183, ¶184, ¶185, ¶186, ¶188, ¶189, ¶190, ¶194, ¶198, ¶200, ¶201, ¶204, ¶205, ¶208, ¶216, ¶220, ¶223, ¶224, ¶225, ¶226 & ¶228 (46 passages — hover a number to read it)

Pt. II, First Section: Ecclesiasti…, Excursus on the Coercive Power of the Church, and Especially on the Right of the Sword, nn. ¶229, ¶230, ¶231, ¶232, ¶233, ¶234, ¶235, ¶236, ¶237, ¶238, ¶239, ¶240, ¶244, ¶245, ¶247, ¶248, ¶249, ¶250, ¶251, ¶260, ¶261, ¶262, ¶267, ¶268, ¶273, ¶274, ¶276, ¶277, ¶278, ¶282, ¶289, ¶290, ¶291, ¶292, ¶293, ¶295, ¶296, ¶301, ¶306, ¶310, ¶311, ¶317, ¶318, ¶322, ¶323, ¶329, ¶330, ¶334, ¶344, ¶345, ¶353, ¶356, ¶357, ¶358, ¶359, ¶365, ¶366, ¶367, ¶368, ¶369, ¶370, ¶371, ¶372, ¶373, ¶374, ¶375, ¶377, ¶379, ¶380, ¶383, ¶384, ¶385, ¶387, ¶388, ¶390, ¶391, ¶392, ¶393, ¶396, ¶397, ¶398, ¶399, ¶400, ¶401, ¶403, ¶404 & ¶405 (87 passages — hover a number to read it)

Pt. II, Second Section: Civil Tole…, Chapter I: Preliminary Definitions and General Plan of the Section, nn. ¶407–¶424, ¶426, ¶427, ¶428, ¶429 & ¶430 (23 passages — hover a number to read it)

Pt. II, Second Section: Civil Tole…, Chapter II: Civil Tolerance Down to the Sixteenth Century, nn. ¶431, ¶432, ¶433, ¶434, ¶435, ¶442, ¶447, ¶450, ¶451, ¶455, ¶465, ¶466, ¶470, ¶471, ¶473, ¶474, ¶475, ¶476, ¶477, ¶478, ¶481, ¶482, ¶487, ¶489, ¶490, ¶494, ¶495, ¶496, ¶499, ¶500, ¶503, ¶504, ¶507, ¶508, ¶513, ¶514, ¶517, ¶518, ¶519, ¶523, ¶524, ¶529, ¶532, ¶533, ¶534, ¶536, ¶537, ¶543, ¶545, ¶547, ¶549, ¶550, ¶551, ¶557, ¶558, ¶559, ¶563, ¶567, ¶570, ¶571, ¶575, ¶584, ¶585, ¶587, ¶588, ¶589, ¶593, ¶597, ¶601, ¶602, ¶603, ¶604, ¶605, ¶607, ¶608, ¶609, ¶610, ¶613, ¶614, ¶615, ¶619, ¶625, ¶627, ¶628, ¶629, ¶630, ¶631, ¶632, ¶634, ¶638, ¶642, ¶643, ¶644, ¶645, ¶648, ¶649, ¶650, ¶652, ¶653, ¶654, ¶661, ¶666, ¶667, ¶676, ¶677, ¶678, ¶681, ¶682, ¶683, ¶687, ¶688 & ¶689 (112 passages — hover a number to read it)

Pt. II, Second Section: Civil Tole…, Chapter III: Civil Tolerance From the Reformation to the French Revolution, nn. ¶690, ¶691, ¶693, ¶697, ¶705, ¶706, ¶708, ¶709, ¶711, ¶712, ¶713, ¶714, ¶717, ¶718, ¶720, ¶721, ¶722, ¶724, ¶725, ¶726, ¶729, ¶730, ¶731, ¶732, ¶733, ¶734, ¶738, ¶739, ¶743, ¶744, ¶745, ¶746, ¶751, ¶752, ¶753, ¶754, ¶755, ¶756, ¶757, ¶758, ¶759, ¶760, ¶763, ¶770, ¶776, ¶777, ¶788, ¶789, ¶798, ¶799, ¶800, ¶807, ¶808, ¶809, ¶818, ¶819, ¶825, ¶826, ¶827, ¶833, ¶834, ¶835, ¶839, ¶846, ¶847, ¶848, ¶855, ¶856, ¶857, ¶858, ¶862, ¶863, ¶864, ¶865, ¶866, ¶868, ¶869, ¶870, ¶873, ¶874, ¶875 & ¶876 (82 passages — hover a number to read it)

Pt. II, Second Section: Civil Tole…, Chapter IV: Civil Tolerance of the Present Day, nn. ¶881, ¶882, ¶883, ¶884, ¶885, ¶886, ¶889, ¶892, ¶893, ¶894, ¶895, ¶896, ¶897, ¶898, ¶899, ¶900, ¶901, ¶907, ¶908, ¶910, ¶911, ¶912, ¶913, ¶915, ¶916, ¶917, ¶918, ¶919, ¶921, ¶922, ¶925, ¶926, ¶927, ¶928, ¶931, ¶934, ¶935, ¶941, ¶945, ¶946, ¶947, ¶948, ¶949, ¶950, ¶952, ¶953, ¶954, ¶960, ¶961, ¶964, ¶965, ¶966, ¶967, ¶968, ¶970, ¶973, ¶974, ¶975, ¶977, ¶978, ¶979, ¶980, ¶981, ¶984, ¶985, ¶987, ¶988, ¶991, ¶992, ¶995, ¶996, ¶997 & ¶999 (73 passages — hover a number to read it)

Pt. II, Second Section: Civil Tole…, Chapter V: The Theory of Right Civil Tolerance, nn. ¶1000, ¶1001, ¶1002, ¶1003, ¶1004, ¶1005, ¶1006, ¶1008, ¶1009, ¶1011–¶1025, ¶1027, ¶1028, ¶1033, ¶1034, ¶1035 & ¶1036 (30 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vermeersch, Tolerance, Third Part: Corollaries an…, Introduction, nn. ¶1039, ¶1040, ¶1041 & ¶1042 (4 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vermeersch, Tolerance, Third Part: Corollaries an…, First Section: Doctrinal Questions, nn. ¶1043, ¶1044, ¶1045, ¶1046, ¶1047, ¶1048, ¶1050, ¶1051, ¶1055, ¶1056, ¶1057, ¶1059, ¶1060, ¶1063, ¶1064, ¶1068, ¶1070, ¶1071, ¶1072, ¶1073, ¶1074, ¶1075, ¶1076, ¶1077, ¶1078, ¶1079, ¶1080, ¶1081, ¶1084, ¶1086, ¶1087, ¶1088, ¶1090, ¶1092, ¶1094, ¶1095, ¶1096, ¶1097, ¶1099, ¶1101, ¶1102, ¶1103, ¶1104, ¶1105, ¶1107, ¶1108, ¶1109, ¶1110, ¶1111, ¶1112, ¶1216, ¶1217, ¶1218, ¶1219, ¶1220, ¶1221, ¶1222, ¶1225, ¶1226, ¶1227, ¶1228, ¶1229, ¶1230, ¶1233, ¶1234, ¶1235, ¶1236, ¶1237, ¶1238, ¶1239, ¶1240, ¶1244, ¶1245, ¶1249, ¶1250, ¶1251, ¶1252, ¶1255, ¶1258, ¶1259, ¶1262, ¶1263, ¶1264, ¶1265, ¶1266, ¶1267 & ¶1269 (87 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vermeersch, Tolerance, Third Part: Corollaries an…, Second Section: Historical View, nn. ¶1270, ¶1271, ¶1272, ¶1273, ¶1274, ¶1275, ¶1276, ¶1278, ¶1279, ¶1281, ¶1286, ¶1287, ¶1288, ¶1290, ¶1291, ¶1292, ¶1295, ¶1296, ¶1299, ¶1300, ¶1301, ¶1302, ¶1303, ¶1304, ¶1305, ¶1307, ¶1308, ¶1309, ¶1314, ¶1315, ¶1316, ¶1317, ¶1318, ¶1319, ¶1321, ¶1325, ¶1326, ¶1332, ¶1333, ¶1334, ¶1339, ¶1340, ¶1341, ¶1342, ¶1343, ¶1344, ¶1345, ¶1348, ¶1349, ¶1351, ¶1352 & ¶1353 (52 passages — hover a number to read it)

Manual of Moral Theology (Manuale Theologiae Moralis)

Vol. I, Bk. II, Tr. II, Diss. I, Pt. III, Section II. On Cessation from Servile Works, n. 707 — III. Excusing causes from the precept are enumerated: one's own or another's necessity, charity, piety, and custom. 1. One's own or another's necessity, that is, grave spiritual, bodily, or temporal harm to be averted fr… Read in context →

Vol. I, Bk. II, Tr. II, Diss. I, Pt. IV, Section VII. On the Duties of Civil Rulers and Subjects, nn. 726 & 727 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Commentaries on the Nature of Moral Theology, on Conscience and Probabilism, on the Fourth Precept, and on the Sixth and Ninth Precepts of the Decalogue (Commentarii)

Bucceroni, Commentaries (1910), Third Commentary: On the F…, XIII. On the Obligations of Inferiors and Ecclesiastical Superiors, nn. 179 & 181 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Bucceroni, Commentaries (1910), Third Commentary: On the F…, XIV. On the Obligations As Regards Civil Authority, nn. 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193 & 194 (30 passages — hover a number to read it)

Bucceroni, Commentaries (1910), Third Commentary: On the F…, XV. On the Election of Deputies, nn. 195, 196, 197, 198 & 199 (6 passages — hover a number to read it)

Cases of Conscience, Proposed by Cardinal de Lugo, by Fr. Beniamino Elbel, by Fr. Ioannes Petrus Gury and by Other Authors, and Resolved (Casus conscientiae)

57. On the Obligations of Masters, Disciples, Subjects, nn. 1, 2 & 3 (13 passages — hover a number to read it)

92. On the Provincial Prefect, on Judges, on the Mayor, nn. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 & 7 (24 passages — hover a number to read it)

Theologia Moralis Sancti Alphonsi: Reduced into a Compendium

Vol. I, TREATISE ON PARTICULAR STA…, PART SECOND: ON THE STATE …, Ch. II, ARTICLE II: ON THE OBLIGATIONS OF PASTORS, nn. ¶1138, ¶1139, ¶1140, ¶1141 & ¶1142 (5 passages — hover a number to read it)

Compendium of Moral Theology

Vol. I, Tr. VI, On the Fourth Precept of t…, Ch. III, Article IV. On the Obedience and Reverence of Citizens toward Temporal Authority, nn. 261 & 262 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Compendium of Moral Theology of Fr. John Peter Gury, S.J., with the Notes of Antonio Ballerini, S.J.

Vol. I, Treatise On the Precepts o…, On the Fourth Precept of t…, Ch. IV, Article III. On the Obedience and Reverence of Citizens toward Temporal Authority, nn. 386 & 387 (7 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Treatise on Particular Sta…, Part Second. On the State …, Ch. II, Article II. On the Obligations of Pastors, nn. 110, 111, 112, 113 & 114 (16 passages — hover a number to read it)

Treated under the broader heading Duties to Parents and Superiors (Fourth Commandment) — Spirago · Scott, You and Yours · Rickaby, Four-Square — these works do not divide the matter as finely as we do here, so their treatment stands one heading up (ed.)