A Topic of Moral Theology

Theft and Unjust Damage

The taking or damaging of another's goods, and what constitutes grave matter.

Within this topic

See also Occult Compensation — in Restitution

Also asked about as…

extortion · fare dodging · pirating · robbery · shoplifting · stealing · taking what isn't mine (ed.)

In the index as Theft · Robbery · Necessity (Necessitas) · Stealing · Restitution · Children (Filii) · Occult Compensation (Compensatio occulta) · Servant (Famulus) · Usury · Petty Thefts · Property · Wife (Uxor) · Injury · Injustice · Necessity opposed to liberty · Ownership · Taking of another's thing · Bankruptcy · Compensation · Justice · Plagiarism · Tailors (Sartores) · Thomas Aquinas, St. · Catechism

In the manuals

Summa of Moral Theology (Summa Theologiae Moralis)

Vol. II, Part Second. On the Precep…, Book Sixth. On the Seventh Precept of the Decalogue, n. ¶1 — "Thou shalt not steal." Ex. 20:15. This precept, insofar as it is negative, prohibits every act by which the neighbor's right in goods of fortune is injured; and insofar as it is affirmative, it commands that to each one… Read in context →

A Manual of Moral Theology for English-Speaking Countries

Vol. I, Bk. VI, Pt. I, Chapter VI. Sacrilege, n. 5 — Real sacrilege is also committed in three ways: (a) By treating with irreverence sacred things, such as the sacraments, Holy Scripture, relics, sacred images. It is a sacrilege to administer or to receive the sacraments … Read in context →

Vol. I, Bk. VI, Pt. VII, Div. II, Chapter I. Injuries in General, nn. 1 & 2 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Bk. VI, Pt. VII, Div. II, Chapter II. Theft, nn. 1, 2, 3 & 4 (4 passages — hover a number to read it)

Manual of Moral Theology (Manuale Theologiae Moralis)

Vol. I, Bk. II, Tr. II, Diss. I, Pt. VII, Sect. II, Ch. III, Art. I, § I, Point I. On Theft in General, nn. 1026, 1027 & 1028 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Bk. II, Tr. II, Diss. I, Pt. VII, Sect. II, Ch. III, Art. I, § I, Point II. On Minor Thefts in Particular, n. 1029 — I. One sins gravely by minor thefts: 1. When someone commits a light theft with the intention of committing a grave one if the occasion were present (St. Thomas, II-II, q. 66, a. 7, ad 3). 2. When someone steals light th… Read in context →

Vol. I, Bk. II, Tr. II, Diss. I, Pt. VII, Sect. II, Ch. III, Art. I, § I, Point III. On Causes Excusing the Taking Away of Another's Thing, nn. 1032 & 1033 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Moral Theology: A Complete Course (McHugh & Callan)

Vol. II, Pt. II, Q. II, Art. 3. The Subjective Par…, Causes Excusing From Restitution, n. 1799 — Condonation of the domestic thefts of wives and children of the family cannot be presumed in all cases (see 1903). (a) Thus, if the things stolen are articles of food and drink (or tobacco), and were consumed by the memb… Read in context →

Vol. II, Pt. II, Q. II, Art. 4. The Vices Opposed …, Titles to Property, n. 1872 — Theft and Robbery. Theft and Robbery.—Having considered the injuries to person committed by homicide, mutilation, imprisonment, etc., we shall now take up the injuries to property committed by theft and robbery. Private ownership of proper… Read in context →

Vol. II, Pt. II, Q. II, Art. 4. The Vices Opposed …, Theft and Robbery, nn. 1890–1919 (30 passages)

Vol. II, Pt. II, Q. II, Art. 4. The Vices Opposed …, Lawful Occupation, nn. 1920, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1924 & 1926 (6 passages — hover a number to read it)

Institutions of Moral Theology (Institutiones Theologiae Moralis)

Vol. II, On the Seventh and Tenth P…, XVIII. On Injustice, n. 1289 — How many kinds of injury are there in the goods of fortune? There is chiefly a threefold kind, namely theft, robbery, and simple damaging. Theft properly is the hidden taking away of another's thing, when the owner is re… Read in context →

Vol. II, On the Seventh and Tenth P…, XIX. On Theft, nn. 1296, 1297, 1301, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1310, 1315, 1316, 1317 & 1318 (11 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, On the Seventh and Tenth P…, XXI. On Restitution from Unjust Taking, n. 1327 — Whether there is an obligation of restitution from unjust taking; what in a case of doubt? It is undoubted that from the unjust taking of another's thing an obligation of restitution arises. For if another's thing has be… Read in context →

Vol. II, On the Seventh and Tenth P…, XXII. On Restitution from Another's Thing, n. 1343 — Whether he who in good faith bought a stolen thing can return it to the thief in order to recover his own price? Resp. Negatively, if the owner appears, reclaiming his own thing from him; for then he must render it to hi… Read in context →

Vol. IV, On Marriage, IV. On Dispensation from Impediments and Revalidation of Marriage, n. 1036 — What are just causes for dispensing in diriment impediments? Some causes are honorable, others are notorious, for avoiding scandals. Formerly they were taken more strictly, today more broadly, because of changed circumst… Read in context →

Cases of Conscience, Proposed by Cardinal de Lugo, by Fr. Beniamino Elbel, by Fr. Ioannes Petrus Gury and by Other Authors, and Resolved (Casus conscientiae)

79. On Theft, nn. 1, 2, 3 & 4 (14 passages — hover a number to read it)

Compendium of Moral Theology of Fr. John Peter Gury, S.J., with the Notes of Antonio Ballerini, S.J.

Vol. I, Treatise on Justice and Ri…, Second Part. On the Violat…, Chapter II. On Injury in Species, or on Sins Against Justice, nn. ¶1 & ¶2 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Treatise on Justice and Ri…, Second Part. On the Violat…, Ch. II, Article II. On the Causes Excusing from Theft, n. ¶1 — A twofold cause is assigned: 1. necessity; 2. hidden compensation.Read in context →

Synopsis of Moral and Pastoral Theology

Vol. III, Contracts, and the Obligat…, On the Virtue of Justice (…, Part I — Chapter II: On Injury, or the Violation of Right, nn. 431, 432, 433, 434 & 435 (5 passages — hover a number to read it)

A Handbook of Moral Theology (Koch–Preuss)

Vol. V, Pt. I, Ch. V, Section 9: Sins Against the Property of Others, nn. ¶1–¶51 (51 passages)

Manuale Theologiae Moralis

Vol. II, Tr. XI, Sect. I, Q. III, Chapter II. On The Unjust Taking Away Of Another's Thing, n. 77 — 77. Preliminary Note. The unjust taking away of a thing is either simple or qualified. In the first sense it is the same as theft. In the other sense there is added a certain quality changing the species. Qualities of th… Read in context →

Vol. II, Tr. XI, Sect. I, Q. III, Ch. III, Article I. On Unjust Damaging In General, n. 91 — 91. Definition. Unjust damaging is an action by which someone causes damage to another, without himself taking material profit from it. Therefore the damager causes damage to another and is not himself enriched; but the … Read in context →

Institutiones Morales Alphonsianae

Vol. I, Pt. II, Sect. II, Tr. VII, DISSERTATION II: CONCERNING LESION OF RIGHT IN EXTERNAL GOODS, n. ¶902 — 902. Lesion of another's right happens through injury, both material and formal, as we said in n. 722. - Concerning formal injury we shall now treat. Moreover, formal injury is twofold: 1. lucrative, which happens, for e… Read in context →

Vol. I, Pt. II, Sect. II, Tr. VII, Diss. II, CHAPTER I: On the Unjust Acceptance of Another's Thing, or On Theft, nn. ¶1 & ¶2 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Pt. II, Sect. II, Tr. VII, Diss. II, Ch. I, ARTICLE I: On the Nature and Gravity of Theft in General, nn. ¶903, ¶904, ¶905 & ¶906 (4 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Pt. II, Sect. II, Tr. VII, Diss. II, Ch. I, Art. II, § 1. On Domestic Thefts, n. ¶907 — 907. In domestic thefts, i.e. of children, wives, and servants, more is required for grave matter than in thefts of strangers. - The reason is that, with respect to those persons, the owner is less unwilling, or at least… Read in context →

Vol. I, Pt. II, Sect. II, Tr. VII, Diss. II, Ch. I, Art. II, § 2. On Small Thefts, nn. ¶908, ¶909, ¶910 & ¶911 (4 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Pt. II, Sect. II, Tr. VII, Diss. II, Ch. I, ARTICLE II: On Causes Excusing the Carrying Away of Another's Thing, n. ¶1 — The carrying away of another's thing does not have the character of theft if the owner cannot be judged reasonably unwilling. But he cannot be judged reasonably unwilling if the neighbor takes the thing either by reason … Read in context →

Vol. I, Pt. II, Sect. II, Tr. VII, Diss. II, Ch. I, Art. II, § 1. On Necessity Excusing the Carrying Away of Another's Thing, nn. ¶912, ¶913, ¶914 & ¶915 (4 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Pt. II, Sect. II, Tr. VII, Diss. II, Ch. I, Art. II, § 2. On Occult Compensation, nn. ¶1, ¶916, ¶917 & ¶918 (4 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Pt. II, Sect. II, Tr. VII, Diss. II, CHAPTER II: On Unjust Damaging, nn. ¶1, ¶919, ¶2, ¶920, ¶3, ¶921, ¶4 & ¶922 (8 passages — hover a number to read it)

Theologia Moralis Sancti Alphonsi: Reduced into a Compendium

Vol. I, TREATISE ON RIGHT AND JUST…, SECOND PART: ON VIOLATION …, Ch. II, OR ON SINS AGAINST JUSTICE, nn. ¶1 & ¶2 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, TREATISE ON RIGHT AND JUST…, SECOND PART: ON VIOLATION …, Ch. II, OR ON SINS AGAINST JUSTICE, ARTICLE I: ON THE NATURE OF THEFT, nn. ¶693, ¶694, ¶695, ¶696, ¶697, ¶698, ¶699, ¶700, ¶701, ¶702 & ¶703 (11 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, TREATISE ON RIGHT AND JUST…, SECOND PART: ON VIOLATION …, Ch. II, OR ON SINS AGAINST JUSTICE, ARTICLE II: ON THE CAUSES ON ACCOUNT OF WHICH THEFT CEASES TO BE SUCH, n. ¶1 — A twofold cause is assigned: 1° necessity; 2° hidden compensation.Read in context →

Vol. I, TREATISE ON RIGHT AND JUST…, SECOND PART: ON VIOLATION …, Ch. II, OR ON SINS AGAINST JUSTICE, Art. II, § I. On Necessity, nn. ¶1, ¶704, ¶705, ¶706 & ¶707 (5 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, TREATISE ON RIGHT AND JUST…, SECOND PART: ON VIOLATION …, Ch. II, OR ON SINS AGAINST JUSTICE, Art. II, § II. On Hidden Compensation, nn. ¶1, ¶708, ¶709, ¶710, ¶711 & ¶712 (6 passages — hover a number to read it)

Summa Theologiae Moralis

Vol. II, Special Moral Theology: On…, Treatise: On the Cardinal …, Third Part: Concerning Com…, Section B: On Justice and …, Chapter III: On Injuries in the External Goods of Fortune, nn. ¶1 & 390 (5 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Special Moral Theology: On…, Treatise: On the Cardinal …, Third Part: Concerning Com…, Section B: On Justice and …, Ch. III, Question Two: On Theft, nn. ¶1, 403 & 404 (18 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Special Moral Theology: On…, Treatise: On the Cardinal …, Third Part: Concerning Com…, Section B: On Justice and …, Ch. III, Question Three: On the Cau…, Article I: On Urgent Necessity, nn. ¶1, 410, 411 & 412 (27 passages — hover a number to read it)

Compendium of Moral Theology

Vol. I, Tr. VIII, Pt. II, Chapter I. On the Nature and Malice of Theft, nn. 402, 403, 404, 404, Q. 2, 404, Q. 3, 404, Q. 4 & 405 (7 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Tr. VIII, Pt. II, Ch. II, Article I. On Necessity which Permits Taking Away Another's Thing, nn. 406, 407, 407, Q. 2 & 408 (4 passages — hover a number to read it)

Palladium Theologicum, Tome V: On the Virtues

Tr. I, Disputation XXVII: On Theft and Robbery, n. 1 — THEFT and Robbery, allied by a close bond, spring from Avarice; both lie in wait for the advantages of peace and of Justice: Theft indeed fraudulently and secretly; Robbery openly and violently. The former is committed e… Read in context →

The Casuist: A Collection of Cases in Moral and Pastoral Theology

Vol. I, Case LIII: Appropriating Another's Ideas, nn. ¶1, ¶2, ¶3, ¶4, ¶5 & ¶6 (6 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Case XLV: Pilferings of Provisions—a Case of Restitution, nn. ¶1, ¶2, ¶3, ¶4, ¶5, ¶6 & ¶7 (7 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. III, Case XVII: Co-Operators in Theft, nn. ¶1, ¶2, ¶3, ¶4, ¶5, ¶6, ¶7, ¶8 & ¶9 (9 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. V, Case XIII: Riding in Cars Without Paying Fare, nn. ¶1, ¶2, ¶3, ¶4, ¶5, ¶6, ¶7, ¶8, ¶9 & ¶10 (10 passages — hover a number to read it)

The Catechism of the Council of Trent (The Roman Catechism)

Pt. III, The Seventh Commandment, nn. ¶6–¶28, ¶48, ¶49, ¶50, ¶51, ¶52, ¶53, ¶54, ¶55, ¶56 & ¶57 (33 passages — hover a number to read it)

The Catechism Explained: An Exhaustive Exposition of the Christian Religion

Pt. II, Vice and Virtue, Perfection, A. THE COMMANDMENTS, X. THE TEN COMMANDMENTS OF…, THE SEVENTH COMMANDMENT OF…, Sins against the Seventh Commandment, nn. ¶1, ¶2, ¶3, ¶4, ¶5, ¶6, ¶7, ¶8, ¶9, ¶10, ¶11, ¶12 & ¶13 (13 passages — hover a number to read it)

A Brief Text-Book of Moral Philosophy

Chapter V: Rights of Ownership in Material Property, nn. 180 & 181 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

The Decretals of Gregory IX (Liber Extra)

Bk. V, Title XVIII: On Thefts, cc. 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 (5 passages — hover a number to read it)

Questions of Moral Theology

Slater, Questions, The Sum Required for a Grave Sin of Theft, nn. ¶181–¶207, ¶209, ¶211, ¶212, ¶213, ¶214, ¶215, ¶216, ¶218, ¶219, ¶220, ¶221 & ¶222 (40 passages — hover a number to read it)

Cases of Conscience for English-Speaking Countries, Volume I

Slater, Cases I, Restitution, Case 1. Defrauding a Railway Company, nn. ¶1, ¶2, ¶3, ¶4, ¶5, ¶6, ¶7, ¶8, ¶9, ¶10, ¶11 & ¶12 (12 passages — hover a number to read it)

Guide for Catholic Young Women

Chapter LII: On Honesty, nn. ¶636–¶652 (17 passages)

Chapter LIII: Continuation, nn. ¶653, ¶654, ¶655, ¶656, ¶657, ¶658 & ¶659 (7 passages — hover a number to read it)

Chapter LIV: Advantages of Honesty, nn. ¶660, ¶661, ¶662, ¶663, ¶664, ¶665, ¶666 & ¶667 (8 passages — hover a number to read it)

Chapter LV: Different Kinds of Dishonesty.—wastefulness, nn. ¶668, ¶669, ¶670, ¶671, ¶672, ¶673, ¶674 & ¶675 (8 passages — hover a number to read it)

Chapter LVI: Dishonesty on the Pretext of Charity, nn. ¶676, ¶677, ¶678, ¶679, ¶680, ¶681, ¶682, ¶683 & ¶684 (9 passages — hover a number to read it)

Chapter LVII: Dishonesty Arising From Gluttony, nn. ¶685–¶701 (17 passages)

Chapter LVIII: Dishonesty on the Pretext of Insufficient Wages, nn. ¶702, ¶703, ¶704, ¶705, ¶706, ¶707, ¶708, ¶709 & ¶710 (9 passages — hover a number to read it)

Chapter LIX: Co-operation in Dishonesty, nn. ¶711–¶728 (18 passages)

Chapter LX: Practical Directions in This Matter, nn. ¶729, ¶730, ¶731, ¶732, ¶733, ¶734, ¶735, ¶736, ¶737 & ¶738 (10 passages — hover a number to read it)

Theologia Moralis: Principles — Responses — Counsels

Vol. II, Bk. II, Tractate V: On Justice, Section III: On Injustice and the Connected Obligation of Restitution, n. ¶1 — Order of the Section. - As many as there are kinds of justice, so many are the opposed kinds of injustice. These must be treated in order. Therefore we shall assign two shorter titles to the injustice which is opposed to… Read in context →

Vol. II, Bk. II, Tractate V: On Justice, Title I: On Injustice Opposed to Legal Justice, nn. ¶1, 566, 567, 568, 569 & 570 (6 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Bk. II, Tractate V: On Justice, Title II: On Injustice Opposed to Distributive Justice, nn. ¶1, 571, 572 & 573 (4 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Bk. II, Tr. III, Ch. I, Article I: The Notion and Conditions of Injury, nn. 574, 575, 576, 577, 578 & 579 (6 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Bk. II, Tractate V: On Justice, Chapter II: On the Principal Injurious Action, n. ¶1 — Note. We do not so treat of injuries in this chapter that we pass over in silence connected licit acts. Thus, while we mention forbidden homicide, at the same time we explain the right of bloody defense; beside theft we … Read in context →

Vol. II, Bk. II, Tractate V: On Justice, Ch. II, Article I: On Personal Injuries, n. 590 — Highest General Principle. Private persons, as such, in their mutual relation, are equally inviolable; and this without any consideration of merit or demerit, consent or dissent. Wherefore no malice, no formal or virtual… Read in context →

Vol. II, Bk. II, Tractate V: On Justice, Ch. II, Article II: On Real Injury, n. 660 — I. What Injuries Are To Be Considered. An injury inflicted upon goods can be more damnifying or lucratively injurious; it can be committed secretly or with force applied; the thing which is the object of the injury can b… Read in context →

Pastoral Questions

Ch. II, § B. Concerning Certain Si…, Q. IV, And Concerning Restitution Due for Them, nn. ¶4875–¶4925 (51 passages)

Moral Enchiridion, and Supplement to the Compendium of Moral Theology of Gury-Ballerini (Enchiridion Morale)

Bucceroni, Moral Enchiridion, Appendix, Second Commentary: On Grave Matter in Theft, nn. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 & 12 (12 passages — hover a number to read it)

Christian Theology, Dogmatic and Moral, in Compendium

Diss. I, Chapter I — Propositions condemned by Alexander VII and Innocent XI, n. V — V. No one is bound under pain of mortal sin to restore what has been taken away by a number of small thefts, however great the total sum may be. This is the 38th of Innocent.Read in context →

Treated under the broader heading Justice and Rights (Seventh and Tenth Commandments) — Slater, Religion & Human Interests · Slater, Back to Morality · 1917 Code of Canon Law — these works do not divide the matter as finely as we do here, so their treatment stands one heading up (ed.)