Alphabetical Index of Subjects (as printed)

A number without anything added = a marginal number.
A number followed by the letter p. = a page number.
An asterisk signifies notes.
An interposed dash (—) = the word placed at the beginning.
See Summary = See the summary of subjects at the beginning of the work.

Taking of another’s thing: When the owner is unreasonably unwilling, 150–154.

Absolute family wage: See Family Wage.

Respect of persons: 137; whether valid, 158₃.

Action: Whether it is sometimes unjust because of the intention, 171 bis.

Shareholders: Duties, 441, 459.

Flattery: 488, 510.

Young worker: Wage, 444₁. Duties of the master or employer, 466. Intervention of the State, 468.

Adult woman: Duties of the employer toward her, 465. Intervention of the State, 468.

Adultery: With the spouse consenting, 144₂.

Adult male worker: Duties toward him, 464. Intervention of the State, 468.

Advertence: Required in contracts, 306.

Iron law of wages: 179₂, p. 200; 192; 404₂; 446.

Equality of justice: 17, 18, 23 b. — Of distributive justice, 68; arithmetic and geometrical, 68; of employer and worker, 462, 462 bis.

Equity: Why it cannot per se be so called in the matter of wages, 439, N.B., p. 583, but can be so called accidentally, 440, p. 587₃. The true rationale of equity and its various significations, etc.: See Summary, q. XI.

Common estimation: Whether it attributes or declares value, 339, 342, 343, 346, 350 bis. What it establishes concerning a wage, 406, 407, 415, 439, arg. 1. Upon what the common estimation of the price of labor is founded, 415. How it can be false, 350 bis.

Affability: A virtue annexed to justice, 14₃, 28, 510; comparison with equity, 488.

Agrarian socialism: 174, 178, 180₃, 181 B, 182 B, 183 B, 185.

Leased lands: As regards the rights of tenants, 454.

Power to alienate goods: 222.

Common lands of Switzerland: 183, p. 231₂.

Alterity of justice: 29, 30 ff., 46.

America: Socialism, 178 a; feminism, 513.

Friendship: A virtue annexed to justice, 28, 510. Its comparison with equity, 488.

Economic anarchism: 182, p. 214; 225 b.

Anarchists: 178 b, c; 184.

Compound interest: 364₄, p. 476.

England: Socialism, 178 a. See Laws; feminism, 513.

Intention of possessing: 255, 263.

Apostolics: Heresy, 180₃, p. 205.

Aristotle: His arguments against the communists, 190. — On the state and the moral person, 538, 553. See the onomastic index.

Arithmetic equality: 68; progression, 109.

Australia: Feminism, 513.

Avarice: 511.

Baratra: 364, p. 476.

Belgium: As regards: taxes, 100, 102; socialism, 179₂, p. 201; division of the soil, 181₂ b, d, p. 212; laws on usuries, 361, p. 471; on workers, 462, p. 615; 468, N.B., p. 622; on the right of women, 513. How many women practice trades in Belgium, 514.

Benefit: 494, 503, 505.

Bilateral contract: 288; the first beginning of the obligation, 318.

Bohemian Brethren: 179₃, p. 202.

Goods: Which goods are the object of distributive justice, 60, 61, 65.

Common good: What it is; what it is in comparison with the good of many, 556.

Boycotting: 474.

Labor exchanges: 440, p. 584.

Unmarried man: Whether his labor is to be estimated at less, 426₂, 437₃, 438, 440, p. 585; 450.

Canonists: Their opinion on usuries, 360, p. 457.

Capital: What it is for socialists, 176, N.B. Its true rationale, 389. — Whether money is capital, 398. Its parts in generating value, 398, 397; it gives the right to exact a part of the fruits, 394, 411.

Capitalism: 389.

Capitalist: 389.

Cardinal virtue: Which virtue is such, 13.

Charity: How it is toward another, 33. — It is not to be called equity per se in the matter of wages, 439, p. 583, but accidentally, 440, p. 587₃. What wage must be paid if, from charity, you undertake a business or hire a worker, 443. Mutual duties of charity between master and worker, 455, 457, 462 bis–467. — Charity prohibiting strikes, 475. Its comparison with equity, 481, 482, 485, 487. Whether it can be referred to the community, 541.

Military requisites: In usuries, 366.

Socialism of the chair: 175.

Catholic doctrine: Of property, 237; of workers and employers, 469.

Catholic socialism: 173, p. 188.

Cause of contracts: 287, 292. On a shameful cause, See Summary, q. VII, chap. 1.

Rent contract: 360, p. 469; 385.

Land rent: Ricardo’s error and rent properly so called, 181 B, 183 B, 1.

Centesimal usuries: 364, pp. 476 and 477*.

Christian rationale of property: 237.

Christ: How He was able to make satisfaction, 31. — Whether He surrendered His right to life, 147.

Cicero: On the state, 538, 563.

Civil fruit: 392. — Mode of acquiring, 211. — Possession, 255, 333 c. — Capacity: what it is, 540.

State: See Commonwealth. Various notions concerning civil society: See Summary, q. XIV, chap. 2.

Coercion: Of those who do not wish to take part in strikes, 474.

Collectivism: What it is, 180₂. — For the other matters, see Socialism.

Collective wage: 426, 438, 439, p. 582₆; 452.

Associations: Of craftsmen, workers, and mixed: see Societies.

Tenant leasing land: 454.

Combination: 354, p. 445 c.

Commerce: Things outside commerce, 195₃.

Communism: What it is, 173 b. Its experiments, 179₃. — Whether it flourished in the beginning, 191. — As regards wages, 431.

Community of goods: What community is from nature, 201, p. 259 b; 208, 232, 439, p. 578. — What kind would have existed before sin, 205.

Community: In which community general justice has a place, 53, 54. Various species of communities, 53*. In which distributive justice must be observed, 75. Which community is injured by general injustice, 136.

Commutative justice: See Justice.

Secret compensation: Why it is not permitted because of a probable right, 333*. — Whether from an informal testament, 333. — When it is properly exercised, 333 c. — What can be exacted in a stipulation, 342, 345.

Just exchange: See Summary, q. VIII. It conduces to the good of each party, 348.

Compensatory usury: 364.

Councils: On prescription, 269; on usuries, 360, p. 464.

Competition for offices: 137*.

Condictio indebiti: 298, 333.

Hiring of labor and of a work: 391.

Hirer: Who he is in the contract, 391.

Confusion: A mode of acquiring, 221.

Roman Congregations: Responses on usuries, 360, p. 470.

Marital state: How it is intended by nature, 438.

Conscience: How it is affected by a law of hunting, etc., 217; by an invalidating law, 333.

Consensual contract: 288.

Consent: By what consent an injury is removed, 140–149. — Consent of contracts: See Summary, q. VII, chap. 2. — It is not an adequate norm of price, 341, 346.

Sermon heard: Whether it can be published in print, 251.

Contract between the people and rulers: What kind exists, 126, 559, p. 706.

Contracts in general: See Summary, q. VII. As regards the mean of the thing, 347.

Insults against workers: 464, p. 616.

Cooperation: Of one who chooses an unworthy person, 91.

Cooperative colonies of H. Owen: 179, end.

Corner: 354, p. 445.

Fraternal correction: Its obligation in a master, 464, p. 617.

Creditor: As regards prescription, 276.

Cruelty: 508.

Fault: From which the obligation of restoring arises, 171.

Darwinism: Its use by socialists, 186 f.

Uncertain debts: As regards restitution, 167.

Debtor: Good faith as regards prescription, 276, 278, 279. — Whether he is bound to pay spontaneously, 278*. Excessive delay of the rich, 382.

Debt of justice: 23. To regard a debt is a property of justice, 29, 30, 34. — Of legal justice, 50. Effect of remission, 301₄ c, p. 383. — Of equity, 487; of affability, 507, 510; of friendship, 507. — Of a grateful mind, 498–504. — Legal and moral, 507. — Of liberality, 507, 511. — Of truthfulness, 507, 509. — Of vindication, 507, 508.

Decent livelihood: Whence it is defined, 440, pp. 589 and 590.

Degressive tax: 104₂*.

Democracy: Various signification, 78, 562*. Whether Christian democracy is treated, 77–82 bis. — The norms of Pius X are handed down, 564–570. See the Appendix, p. 713 ff.

Deputies elected by the people: What their rationale is: See Summary, q. III, chap. 1.

God: Whether He has rights, 6. We cannot render a debt to Him according to equality, 143. His supreme dominion is not properly a limit of property, 233. Whether, in comparison with Him, we have usufruct rather than dominion, 233, p. 309*. The rationale of fidelity which is owed to Him or by Him, 290. By what virtue gratitude is rendered to Him, 506.

Rule of distribution: 59, 63, 64, 71.

Distributive justice: See Justice.

Riches: Their economic rationale, 389.

Sunday labor: 464, p. 617; 468.

Dominion: Perfect, useful, naked, and radical, 195₂. — Industrial dominion and that of writers, 246–253. — Dominion of the State, 97, 242. — Private and common dominion, 537, 542.

Donation: The intention required in a donation, 146; in an alluring donation, 355. — An inofficious donation, 334. — A dissimulated donation, 334. — A remuneratory donation, 501.

Duel: 474.

Catholic Church: It is not hostile to women. Calumnies are refuted, 528.

Education of children: Whether it ought to be the same for both sexes, 520.

Popular election to offices: 74.

Alms: Whether they can be given by the state, 65₄, 70. On the words of the Lord, “Give as alms what remains,” 159₂.

Emancipation of women: See Summary, q. XIII.

Buyer: As regards a just price, 342, 345, 346₄, 355.

Authority of encyclicals: 80*. — Diuturnum illud, 559; Graves de communi, 82 bis, 569; Immortale Dei, 7, 80, 82, 553; Quanta cura, 80*; Quod apostolici, 180, 197; Rerum Novarum, 65, 80, 180, 197, 415, 419–421, 428, 434, 439, p. 579*; p. 582₄; 453*, 455, 458, 465, 466*, 468, 469, 471, 477, 489, 569; Vix pervenit, 360, p. 466; to the bishops of Belgium, 458.

Epikeia: 479, 492.

Error concerning the person: Whether it removes the obligation of restitution, 165; in contracts, 308–314.

Eutrapelia: 510.

Excuse for a lesser wage: 406, 409, 412, 424, 447, 448, 449.

Standing armies: Their origin, 97.

Existenzminimum: 104, p. 105.

Expropriation: Compared with prescription, 274₁.

Outsiders: In what way they participate in common goods, 76. Whether a thing can be sold to them at a higher price, 352.

Interest: See Usuries. — Perpetual or renewed interest, 364₄, p. 476. The taxation of interest, 380. How it differs from the valuation of human labor, 415.

Family: Which family is to be considered in the matter of wages, 445. What rights the necessity of a family confers, 151, 153, 154, 232 A, 1, b). — A family must have a head, and this is the man, 517.

Rationale of the family wage: Various, 426; the debt of it, See Summary, q. X, chap. 2, art. 2; a fuller description, 444, 445.

Fas: What it is, 9.

Temporal happiness: In what manner it is the end of the state, 555, 563.

Female worker: 444, 465, 468. — Her character, 517. Her right and place in domestic society, 516₁; in the state, See Summary, q. XIII. Whether there was doubt about her rational soul, 528; in what manner woman is not to the image of God, 528.

Feminism: See Summary, q. XIII.

Wild animals: How they become private property, 217, 221.

Feast-day labor: 464, 468.

Fictitious promise or obligation: 303.

Fidelity: Its obligation, 290. — Divine fidelity, 290*. — Fidelity toward God, 290.

Good or bad faith of a possessor: 255, 266. — In prescription, 267, 278. — Of a creditor, 276. — Of a successor, 277. — Of a debtor, 278. — Of a thief, 279.

Son: The order of justice between father and son, 39. — One who causes loss to his parents, 148.

End of the state: 554, 555, 563.

Fiscal dominion: 97.

Formal ingratitude: 495, 496, 498, 504. — A formal injury, 145. — Formal usury, 364.

Frauds: In the matter of taxes and military service, 128–131.

Fruits acquired by a possessor: 284.

What underlies a foundation: 549.

Fungible thing: 365.

Prescription by a thief: 279.

Prescription of a stolen thing: 286.

France: As regards: the burden of taxes, 100; socialism, 178, end, and 179; national workshops, 179, end; divided possession of the soil, 181, end; the right of inheritance, 223, N.B. See Laws; feminism, 513.

General justice: See Justice.

Genesis: In what manner the words were spoken: “In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread,” 439, p. 579.

Society of nations: 54. — Treaties for the protection of workers, 468, N.B.

Geometrical equality: 68. — Progression, 109.

Germany: As regards socialism, 178, end; 179; feminism, 513.

Gratitude: A virtue annexed to justice, 28. See Summary, q. XII. — Whether it is owed to a master or worker, 456, 494.

Gratuitous contract: 288. — One made from fear, 315.

Grateful mind: See Summary, q. XII.

Graves de communi: See Encyclical, or 82 bis.

Haid contract: 393, p. 519.

Hegelians: As regards taxes, 104, p. 102; 108₂, p. 110; — the dialectical process, 176 b, α).

Hereditary succession: By what right it is possessed. The doctrine, 223; proof and difficulties, 224–228. What is established in civil law, 223, N.B.

Heir: His “most civil” possession (possessio civilissima) does not impede compensation, 333.

Hernhuters: 179, p. 202.

Master: See Employer. Master-servant society, 455, end; 467.

Homicide: When the one who is killed consents, 144₂.

Man: A social being, 553.

Individualism: It favors the error concerning a moral person, 551.

Income tax: 104, p. 105.

Inconstancy: 290₂–₅.

Undivided possession by several persons: 545.

Industrial fruit: 392.

Nonexistent contract: 325.

Defamatory and promissory words: A comparison, 301₁.

Infirm or invalid contract: 288.

Ingratitude: Formal and material, 495–498, 500, 504.

Injury: Material and formal, 140, 144, 145. By what consent it is removed, and to what extent, 140–148.

The vice of injustice: 132–135; its gravity, 133–135. On illegal injustice. The sources and specification of the sin, and why it is for the most part not to be confessed, 136. — Its broader sense, 138.

Restitutio in integrum: 155.

Instruction of the Sacred Congregation concerning democratic affairs: 569.

Integral parts of justice: 27.

Intellectual virtue: What it is, 13.

Intention: Whether it has force to change the justice of an action, 171 bis.

Interest: What it is, 364.

“International” sect: 179, p. 201.

Interpretation of an invalidating law: 328.

Notification of consent in contracts: 316–323. See Summary, q. VII, chap. 2, art. 3.

Privilege of an inventor: 246–253.

Unreasonably unwilling: Who is such, 150–154.

Italy: The burden of taxes, 100.

Moneylending granted to the Jews: 358, 360₃.

Judge: The force of a sentence in the forum of conscience, 332, 337.

Juridical duties: What they are, 233, p. 308*.

Rationale of jurisdiction: 50, 231, p. 304.

Presumption of law: From powers that are stronger of themselves, 516*.

Ius (lex): See Civil law; Law of nations. In what manner divisions of things were ascribed to it by the Scholastics, 197₃; by us, 207.

Right: See Summary, Exordium (4–11). What a cession of right requires, 146–148. A right to a thing from a contract and to common goods, 172. The object of right, 7. Its subject, 5, 53. — Who has a perfect right in the goods of a society, etc., 550. The right of property, See Property.

Roman law: What it taught concerning a moral person, 531, 536₂; its sanctions concerning societies, 536₂.

Justice: Its rationale and definition, division, and properties, See Summary, q. I. Its comparison with equity, 481, 482, 484, 485, 487; its comparison with gratitude or a grateful mind, 499, 502.

Commutative justice: 21, 26. See Contracts, Injustice, Restitution. — As regards strikes, 473, 474.

Distributive justice: 21, 26, 32. See Summary, q. II, chap. 2 (55–76). On the just rationale of taxes, See Taxes. On the contrary injustice, 133, 134, 137. Whether it obliges to restitution, 158₃.

Domestic justice: 25.

General or legal justice: 21, 26, 32. See Summary, q. II, chap. 1 (41–54). On its international rationale, 54. On the contrary injustice, 134, 136. A false designation in the matter of wages, 429, 437₂, 439, p. 581.

Particular justice: 21, 26.

Social justice: 51.

Vindicative justice: 21, 25, 508.

The just: In what sense it is equal to what is due, 17; it is said absolutely, 37. — A just price, 340, and See Summary, q. VIII.

Kantians: Their opinion on the right of property, 197₅, p. 247.

Cartels: 354, p. 445.

Labor: It is not a primordial title of property, 215₂. Various labors, 394, p. 520. The true and false rationale of a right to labor, 440, N.B. — How the labor of religious persons can injure craftsmen, 448.

Infants to be nourished with their mother’s milk: 444, p. 593*.

Lateran decrees: On prescription. Their force, 269, 272; — on usuries, 360, p. 464* and 465; 364.

Legal debt: 507.

Legal justice: See Justice. A legal price, 340.

Canon laws: On prescription, 269; on usuries, 360.

Civil laws: On prescription, 269, 271–276, 284–286. A judgment concerning present laws in this matter, 278, 283–286. — Civil laws concerning the shameful cause of contracts, 298. On the beginning of the obligations of contracts, 323. — Laws invalidating acts, See Summary, q. VII, chap. 3. — Concerning usuries, 360, p. 469; 361, 372; concerning workers, 468, N.B.; 477. See State.

The opinion of Lessius: Concerning legal justice, 43, 48; concerning distributive justice, 58. See the Onomastic Index.

Law: Why law is called right, 4, 9. The order between law and right taken subjectively or objectively, 10, 11. — Divine law: which divine law is the source of rights, 9*. — Positive human law: its parts in establishing the regime of goods, 203. It is not a primordial title of acquiring, 215₂. Its part in the law of inheritance, 223, 229; its part in limiting property, 231, 232, 234. — Invalidating and prohibitory law, 324. — Whether civil law ought to exclude women from certain trades, 525; to permit inquiry into the father of a child whose father is uncertain, 526. — The force of law in contracts, See Summary, q. VII, chap. 3, and See Laws.

Iron law of wages: 179₂; 192; 404₂. — The law of supply and demand, 341, 353.

Civil law: Concerning usuries, 360, p. 469; 361; — whether it grounds a title for seeking interest, 372.

Liberal doctrine: Concerning taxes, 104, p. 103. — Concerning property, 237. — Concerning value and price, 341, 356, 410. — Concerning wages, 427, 437. — Concerning duties toward a hired worker, 455. — Concerning the diversity of orders, 469.

Liberalism: A comparison of it and socialism, 186. — Political liberalism, 558 c.

Liberality: A virtue annexed to justice, 14₃, 28, 511. — Whether it is permitted to the state, 65₄, p. 58.

Limit of a right: What it is, 231, p. 303. — What the limits of the right of property are, 231–235. Necessity places limits upon the right of property, 232 A, 2. — The limit of a wage, 404, and See Summary, q. X, chap. 2, art. 2.

Litigation: 510.

Lessor: Who he is, 391.

Letting and hiring of services or of a work: What it is, 391. On that contract, See Summary, q. X.

Lockout: 470, 476.

Lucrative usury: 364.

Pure profit: 405, 406. — To whom it belongs, 393, 394, 396, p. 524. A share of the profit granted to workers, 402. What if the profit is unexpected, 408. — What if there is no expectation of profit, 409.

Council of Lyons: On usuries, 360, p. 464.

Lugo (Cardinal de): His opinion concerning legal justice, 43, 48; concerning distributive justice, 58; concerning a moral person, 538. See the Onomastic Index.

Employer: His business is useful to the worker, and he in turn needs the worker, 401; he grants bonuses to workers, 402. — He contracts with workers, See Summary, q. X. The duties of an employer after the contract, See Summary, q. X, chap. 3. The lockout of employers, 470, 476.

Majority: Why it decides a matter, 95, 559*.

Mandatary: Notification made to him suffices, 320.

Martyrs: Whether they surrendered their right to life, 147.

Marxists: 178 c.

Freemasons: Whether they are to be assimilated to socialists, 187. — What the sect of Freemasons is, ibid.

Grave matter: Binding under venial sin, 307.

Historical materialism: 176 b, β; 181 A, 1. — It favors the error concerning a moral person, 551.

Average family: Why, in the matter of wages, an ordinary family is rather to be taken, 445.

Physician: One procuring an undue exemption from military service, 129–131.

Mean of virtue: Justice has the mean of the thing, 26. The necessity of means: whether restitution is necessary in this manner, 168.

Mental usury: 364.

Merchants: Their monopolies and agreements, 353; a standing offer, 301, p. 384.

Just wage: See Summary, q. X, chap. 2. — In what manner it differs from the minimum wage, 404, 422. Its material rationale, 402, 425. The mutual relation of wage and livelihood, 446.

Merchandise: In what manner human labor is assimilated to it, 410, 414. — Merchandise delivered in payment, 416.

Metallic veins: To whom they belong, 218.

Fear in contracts: 308–315.

Mine, thine, etc.: What force these words have, 7, 8. Whether my external things are mine as my members are, 209.

Military service: Whether it is a tax, 121. The faculty of redeeming oneself from military service, 122, 123. Whether the distribution of its burden is just, 124. In what manner it binds the conscience, 129–131.

Minor in age: Renouncing the rescission of an agreement, 336.

Minority: Electing some deputies, 94.

Mir of the Russian Empire: 183, p. 231₂.

Misery: It is not a condition intended by nature, 439, p. 583.

Mixed contract: 288. — Mixed socialism, cf. Agrarian socialism.

Modern usury: What it is, 381.

Mohatra: 364, p. 476.

The opinion of Molina: Concerning legal justice, 43, 48; concerning distributive justice, 58. See the Onomastic Index.

Monopolies: Of the State, 97, 183 A, 2, b. — Of a writer and inventor, 246–253. On private monopolies, 354.

Mounts of piety: 360, p. 469.

Delay of a debtor: 278, 382, 416.

Moral debt: 507.

Moral: What a moral virtue is, 13. — What a moral cause is, 394, p. 520. — What rationale underlies this word in “moral certainty”; — “moral identity”; — “moral impossibility”; — “moral necessity”; — “moral person,” 542, 543.

Morally one person: 542.

Moratory usury: 364.

Moravian Brethren: 179₃, p. 202.

Morals: Care for them in workshops, 464, 466, 468.

Moroseness: 488, 510.

Punishment by death: Why public authority can punish by death, and why it cannot slaughter an innocent person, 558.

Motu proprio of Pius X: Concerning Christian popular action, cf. the Appendix.

Offices: Whether they are matter for distribution, 64, 67, 71, 73. What right belongs to the more worthy person, 74. What if there is a competition, 137. Whether the right of suffrage is an office, 86–88, 90.

Musical work: Monopoly, 246.

Mutual-aid societies: 70.

Loan for consumption: See Summary, q. IX. Its notion, 363.

Nature: By what rationale it made things common, 201, p. 258; 203, 205, 208. — By what rationale it willed private property, 201, p. 258; nos. 204, 207. How it does not fail in the matter of wages, 439, 440, p. 587.

Natural obligation of contracts: 325.

Necessary sustenance: How it depends upon general prosperity, 440, p. 589.

Necessity: Extreme, quasi-extreme, and grave necessity, 231₃. — It places limits upon the right of property, 232. On the right of extreme necessity, 232 A, 1. — Whether it demonstrates the right of property, 206. Whether the wage is defined from it, 440, p. 586.

Night labor: 466, 468.

Names of a moral person: 533, 542.

Norm of just distribution: 63, 64, 65₂, 66, 71.

Normal wage: 439, p. 584.

Naked contract: 288.

Null contract: 288, 325; from positive law, 324, 326₂, 327, end, 329, 331, 333; from the sentence of a judge, 332, 337; from the intention of the parties, 335. What if you have renounced civil rescission, 336.

Object: Of right, 7, 8. — Of justice, 16, 29, 35. — Of legal justice, 44, 45. — Of distributive justice, 58, 60, 61, 62, 65.

Law of supply and demand: 341, 353.

Obligation: From the right of suffrage, 91; — from taxes, 125–128; — from a contract, 287, 289, 290₅, 302–307. See Contracts. The moment from which a contract has its beginning, 316–318. — From a shameful cause, 292–298. — From the sentence of a judge, 337. — Of equity, 487. — Of a grateful mind, 498–503. — Of not declining a benefit, 505.

Obedience: 48.

Observance: A virtue annexed to justice, 28, 507. Duties of observance in workers, 455, 456, 460, 463.

Occupation: What it is, 213, 214. It is the primordial fact by which property is acquired, 214, 215, 216. — Through another, 219. — A title of public authority, 559.

Liberal economics: The use made of it by socialists, 179₁ A, f; 186 g; 341, p. 426.

Economic fruit: 392.

Economists: Their opinion concerning value, 179₁ A, f; concerning the genesis of value, 388; concerning the primordial title of property, 213; concerning wages, 439, p. 584.

Nonjuridical duties: They do not place limits upon property, 233, 235. See Obligation.

Officials placed over taxes: What if you corrupt or deceive them, 128. — Officials placed over military service: what if you corrupt them, 130, 131.

National workshops of L. Blanc: 179, end.

Internal governance of workshops: By whom it is to be defined per se and in the present state of affairs, 462 bis.

Workshop owner: See Employer.

Duty of nourishing oneself and one’s own: Whether from it you rightly infer the price of human labor, 434.

Burdens: Whether they are an object of distributive justice, 58, 60, 61.

Onerous contract: 288.

Human labor: It is not an adequate measure of value, 342; nor its sole cause, 388. What kinds of labor are hired, 403. How it is assimilated to merchandise, 410, 414. On the value and price of labor, See Summary, q. X.

Worker: He is useful to the employer, and the employer needs him, 401; he has a share in the profit, 402. Concerning his relations, See Summary, q. X. Concerning strikes, 470–477.

Letting and hiring of services or of a work: What it is, 391.

Operation: What it is, 35*. The matter of justice, 35.

Letting of a work: 391, 413, 454, 461.

Strikes: See Summary, q. X, the remaining minor question.

Variety and harmony of orders in society: 563.

Religious order: Whether legal justice has a place in it, 53.

Original sin: It did not injure the substantial elements of nature, 439, p. 579.

Orthodox economists: 388.

Disguised usury: 364.

Paraguayan colonies: 179₃.

Parents: We are unequal to paying what we owe them, 143. — Injured by their children, 148. — By what virtue gratitude is rendered to them, 506.

Parts of the state: In what sense men and families are such, 560.

Father: Whether there is an order of justice between father and son, 39. — He is ordered to nourishing his son, 438. — Whether an uncertain father is to be sought, 526.

Head of a household: As regards taxes, 114.

Fathers: Their opinion concerning private possessions, 210; concerning usuries, 358, 359.

Sin of usury: 364, 367, 379, 381. — The sin contrary to usury, 382. The occasion of sin in workshops, 464, 466, 468.

Money: What it is, 340. Its sterility, 365. — Whether it is capital, 398. What if merchandise is paid in place of money, 416.

Foreigners: In what manner they participate in common goods, 76; pay taxes, 108.

Just exchange: See Summary, q. VIII.

Person: Its juridical and philosophical notion, 5. — Moral person, 7 b. See Summary, q. XIV, chap. 1. It cannot be distinguished from another by reason alone, 536₂. The estimation of a person increases the wage, 415. Several persons in one, 544.

Personal independence of men: 5, 7, 439, arg. 2. How labors are personal, 440, p. 587.

Personal rationale of a wage: Spurious, 426, N.B.; 429.

Philosophers: Forerunners of the socialists, 179₁ A. — Adversaries of the natural right of possessing, 197₅.

Uninvited photographic image of a person: 246, 252.

Piety: A virtue annexed to justice, 14₃, 28, 506, 507. — It does not equal the debt, 14₃. See Quasi-piety. — Toward one’s fatherland, 48, 473, 475.

Fishing: The right and laws, 217.

Pius X: Concerning Christian popular action, 564, 568.

Plan of campaign: 474.

Plural suffrage: 94, 521.

“Polity” (politia): What it is, 561*.

Political secession of workers: 473.

Political parties: Whether they are permitted to Christian democrats, 569.

Pollicitation: 289. The obligation of the first offerer, 322.

Pool: 354, p. 445.

Popular tyranny: 561, 563.

People: Conferring offices, 74, 96. The suffrage of the people, 86, 92.

Possession: See Summary, q. VI, chap. 1. — Possession of value, 339, p. 424. — Singular or private, common, and undivided possession, 533, 537, 545.

“Possibilists”: 178 c.

Potential parts: 20. — Of justice, 28, 507.

Public authority: What it can do, 558; in what subject it first inheres, 559. — Whether it is expedient that it perform more things by itself, 562.

Publication of lectures: 251.

Rewards for workers: 402.

Prescription: See Summary, q. VI, chap. 2.

Price: Its true rationale, 340. See Summary, q. VIII. What if there is a monopoly, 354. Whether it is the price of labor, 406, 407, 410, 422. — The price of things is not an adequate norm of the wage, 428; nor of its lower limit, 432. — The price of a shameful deed, 294.

Primordial fact: As regards property, 212; as regards a kingdom, 559.

Prince: How legal justice inheres in him, 52. By what title he begins to reign, 559.

Privileges: Whether they can be reconciled with distributive justice, 69. — Of writers, etc., 246–253; of possession, 256, 284, 285.

Agent: See Mandatary.

Prodigality or profusion: 511.

Progression: Arithmetic and geometric, 109.

Progressive tax: 104, 111₂, 111₃, 112.

Proletarians: What they are, 176, N.B., p. 195.

Promise: From fidelity or from justice; made to God, 290₃–₅. — Merely internal, 300₁. What an external promise is, 301₁, 305. — Fictitious, 303. — A promise of money by a traveler who has been attacked, 146. The will not to stand by promises, 304. — In favor of a third party, 321.

Proportional tax: 104, 111₁, 112.

Purpose: 290₅.

One’s own thing: In what manner it becomes one’s own, 209, 211–213, 238.

Private property: See Summary, q. V, chap. 2. The property of a published book and a disclosed invention, 246–253. It is not lost by prescription, 281.

Properties of justice: 29 ff.

General prosperity: What force it has in defining the wage, 440, p. 589.

Public dominion: 97.

Child worker: 444, 466, 468.

Struggle between the orders (lutte des classes): 176₇, p. 195; 181 A, 1.

Punitive usury: 364.

Ward consenting to his loss: 144, p. 156.

Quasi-contract: 288.

Quasi-piety: 455, p. 605; 457, 460, 464–466.

Quasi-possession: 255₃. — Of liberty, 282.

Real contract: 288. — Real usury, 364.

“Juridical State” (Rechtsstaat): 558.

Rectitude: 12.

Contracting for a work: At an excessively low price, 413. On the indication by contractors of the wage to be paid to workers, 413. — Contracting for land, 454.

Income: A tax on income, 117. Functions of incomes, 111, p. 118.

Queens: Why they are permitted to reign, 523.

Relative family wage: 426, 431, 438, 440, p. 585.

Religion: A virtue annexed to justice, 14₃, 28, 506, 507. — Sanctioning a vow, 290₄.

Communism of religious persons: 199, p. 256₂. — Their labor, 448. — Their property, 538.

Proportional representation: 93.

The Encyclical Rerum Novarum: See Encyclical.

External things: How they become one’s own, 209, 211–213, 238.

Rescindable contract: 288, 324, 325.

Roman response: 404*, 420.

Commonwealth: Its best government, 86, 562; its worst, 561. What it is, 558*; its power, See State.

Restoratory usury: 364.

Restitution: Its various acceptations, 155. — Of what virtue it is an act, 157, 158, 159₁. — Its sources, 156–159, 163. — Its necessity, 168. — Whether its obligation is positive or negative, 170. What if the theological fault is light, 171. — Its roots, 160–162, 164, 169. What if you have erred concerning the person, 165. What force the intention has, 171 bis. Restitution in a different species, 166. What if the debts are uncertain, 167. Restitution arising from strikes, 474, N.B.; from injured equity, 487.

Revolution: What it is according to the socialists, 177, p. 196.

Roman law: Its definition of property, 236.

Russia: Feminism, 513*.

Iron law of wages: 179₂, 192, 404₂, 446. See Wage.

Satisfaction: How it differs from restitution, 155₄. — That of Christ, 31.

Scandal of a master or employer: 464–466, 468.

Scholastics: Their opinions concerning taxes, 104; concerning the right of property, 197, 198₂; concerning the primordial fact, 213; concerning hereditary succession, 223; concerning the notion of private property, 231₂; concerning error and fear, 309; concerning value, 341; concerning usuries, 360, p. 466; 362; concerning the rationales of injustice in the letting and hiring of services, 416; concerning wages, 440, p. 590; concerning equity, 479, 480; concerning the first subject of power, 559.

Author of a book: His privilege, 246–253.

Sacred Scripture: Concerning alms, 159₂. Concerning passages that seem to favor the socialists, 183 A, 1. — Concerning usuries, 358. — Concerning the value of human labor, 439, p. 579*. — Concerning the privilege of tenant farmers, 454. — Concerning the right of women, 527. — It is not to be adduced rashly, 527.

Personal servitude: How nature provides for slaves in the matter of wages, 451.

Real servitude: Prescription, 275.

Socialism: See Summary, q. V, chap. 1.

Social justice: See Justice.

Socialists: As regards taxes, 104. — Whether they constitute the sect of Freemasons, 187. — By what rationale they call the present order inequitable, 188. What credence is to be given to their mitigations, 193. — What they think concerning inheritances, 223 b. — As regards value, 176, 341, 343, 388, 396, 397. — As regards wages, 431. — As regards duties which accompany or follow a contract, 455. — As regards the variety of orders, 469.

Political socialists: As regards taxes, 104, 108₂. — As regards the theory of the State, 175, 231₂, 558 e.

Society of nations: 54.

Society compared with the multitude of its members: How it perseveres as one when its members are changed, 539₁ and 3. — The perpetuity of a society, 546. — A society as liable and punished, 547.

Partnership: The contract, 390. — Between workers and an employer, 395. — Master-servant partnership, 455₅, 467.

Associations: Of merchants and craftsmen, 354. — Of workers, 453, 477. — Mixed, 467.

International association for protecting the interests of workers: 468, N.B., 2.

Solemn contract: 288.

Payment: How it differs from restitution, 155₄.

Specification: A mode of acquiring, 221.

State: Its fiscal and public dominion, 97; eminent dominion, 242. — Its function, 241, 242. — Its monopolies, 97, 183 A, 2, b. — State socialism, 175. — As regards usuries, 361, 372, 380. — Procuring labor, 179, end; 440₁. — Indicating to contractors for works what minimum wage is to be paid by them, 413. — Defining wages, 453; the governance of a workshop, 462 bis. — Protecting workers, 468. — Prohibiting strikes, 477. — Giving subsidies, 65₄, 70; what the State is, 558*. See Laws; Commonwealth.

Sterility: Of the land, as regards the rights of a tenant farmer, 454. — Of money, 365.

Subject: Of right, 5, 53. — Of commutative justice, 26. — Of distributive justice, 26. — Of legal justice, 52. — Of public power, 559.

Subsidies from the treasury: 65₄, 70.

Substance of a thing, juridically: 195, 2, b.

Succession: Its notion, 211, 222. Hereditary succession, See Hereditary.

Successor: As regards prescription, 277.

Right of suffrage: 85–96.

Suffrage: Of women, 517, 519, 521–524. — Plural, 94, 521. — Of the people, 563. — Universal, 94.

Summum ius summa iniuria: The truth of the saying, 491.

Highest price: 340.

Industrial expenses: A list, 405.

Superior: What his title is, 457, 459. In what manner gratitude is rendered to him, 506.

Superiority of man over things: Whether it demonstrates property, 206.

Supernatural economy: It differs from the natural economy, 439, N.B., p. 583.

Tacit contract: 288.

Rash proposition: What it is, 180, p. 205*.

Testament, the act: What it is, 224, p. 295. Opinions concerning the right of making a testament, 223; its origin from nature, 226₁, 227, 228.

Testament, Old and New: See Sacred Scripture.

Theological virtue: Which it is, 13.

The opinion of St. Thomas: Concerning the division of justice, 24; concerning legal justice, 43; concerning distributive justice, 58; concerning the principle of just distribution, 59; concerning the end, form, and origin of the state, 86, 92, 553, 555; concerning the first subject of power, 559; concerning the worst commonwealth, 561; concerning the state and a moral person, 538, 539, 555, 561; concerning the right of property, 197; concerning prescription, 280; concerning the sterility of money, 365; concerning the form of the stipulation of services, 399; concerning equity, 487, 488; concerning gratitude, q. XII throughout; concerning the potential parts of justice or the virtues joined to it, See the Parergon after q. XII.

Extrinsic titles: In usuries, 366, 371.

Toniolo: Concerning just distribution, 59.

Whole: How it differs from the parts, 536₂.

Tax: See Summary, q. III, chap. 2. A graphic description of taxes, 119, 120.

Tridentine decree Tametsi: Its rationale, 327.

Triple contract: 385.

Truck system: 416.

Trust: 354.

Tyranny: 559*, 561, 563.

Uncial usuries: 364, p. 477.

Unilateral contract: 288.

Aggregates of things (universitates rerum): 548.

Usucaption: 267, 277.

Usuries: Prescription, 278₃. — See Summary, q. IX. The notion of usury, 364.

Health of a worker: 464, 468.

Value: The theory of the socialists, 176 b, d, 1; 341, 343. Concerning its true rationale, 339, 341. — What if there is no common estimation, 350. — Social value, 351. On the opinion of Bastiat, 341, 356. On the opinion of Marx, 341, 343. Concerning its genesis, 388, 396, 397.

Impost: See Summary, q. III, chap. 2.

Coal and metallic veins: To whom they belong, 218.

Hunting: The right of hunting, etc., 217.

Seller: As regards a just price, 342, 345, 349, 352, 355. The monopoly of sellers, 354.

Truthfulness: A virtue annexed to justice, 28, 507, 509. Comparison with fidelity, 290.

True price: 340.

Clothed contract: 288.

Relation of sustenance and culture to the wage: 440, p. 589.

Council of Vienne: Concerning usuries, 360, p. 464.

Vindication or vengeance: A virtue annexed to justice, 25, 28, 507, 508. See Vindicative justice.

Comparative character of men and women: 517.

Parts of virtue: Subjective, quasi-integral, and quasi-potential, 20.

Defects of consent: 308–315. See Summary, q. VII, chap. 2, art. 2.

Common price: 340.

“Theory of the will” (Willenstheorie): Concerning a moral person, 532₁ b.

“Purpose-patrimony” (Zweckvermögen): Concerning a moral person, 532₁ c.