Question IX: The Loan for Consumption and Usury

Aristotle, Politics, bk. 1, chaps. 10-11; St. Thomas, II-II, q. 78; On Evil, q. 13, vol. 2, art. 4; John Duns Scotus, commentary on IV Sentences, dist. 15, q. 2, nos. 17-20, 26; Molina, vol. 2, tract 2, disp. 299, 303 ff., especially 303, 304, 314-318; Lessius, On Justice and Right, chap. 20; Gregory of Valencia, Theological Commentaries, vol. 3, disp. 5, q. 21 (On the Loan for Consumption and Usury) and q. 25 (On the Contract at 5 Percent); Cardinal de Lugo, On Justice and Right, disp. 25; Pirhing, Reiffenstuel, and Schmalzgrueber, commentary on bk. 5 of the Decretals, tit. 19; Bossuet, Traité de l’usure [Treatise on Usury]; Broedersen, On Licit and Illicit Usury; Ballarini, On Divine and Natural Right concerning Usury; Scipione Maffei, Dell’impiego del danaro [On the Employment of Money]; Concina, Commentary against Usury; The Usury of the Triple Contract Demonstrated by Historical-Theological Dissertations, with Two Appendices; Benedict XIV, On the Diocesan Synod, bk. 10, chap. 4; Zech, The Moderated Rigor of the Pontifical Doctrine concerning Usury Handed Down by Our Most Holy Lord Benedict XIV through an Encyclical Letter, etc.; Leotardi, A Singular Book on Usury and the Restraining of Usurious Contracts; Mastrofini, Le usure [Usury]; Funk, Recht und Moral in Bezug auf das Wirtschaftsleben [Right and Morality in Relation to Economic Life]; Zins und Wucher im christlichen Alterthum [Interest and Usury in Christian Antiquity]; Scipio Maffei und das kirchliche Zinsverbot [Scipio Maffei and the Ecclesiastical Prohibition of Interest] (Theologische Quartalschrift [Theological Quarterly], Tübingen, 1869, 1875, 1879); Geschichte des kirchlichen Zinsverbotes [History of the Ecclesiastical Prohibition of Interest]; Zur Geschichte des Wucherstreites [On the History of the Usury Controversy]; C. d’Annibale, Summula, vol. 2, nos. 531-539; Lehmkuhl, Moral Theology, vol. 1, nos. 1090-1108; Ballerini-Palmieri, Moral Work, vol. 3, pt. 3, nos. 230-363; Endemann (a non-Catholic), Studien in der Romanisch-Canonistischen Wirtschafts- und Rechtslehre [Studies in Roman-Canonical Economic and Legal Doctrine], vol. 2, VIII, Das Interesse [Interest]; X, Das Darlehen [The Loan]; Weiss, Sociale Frage [The Social Question], vol. 2, pp. 594-719; H. Pesch, Zinsgrund und Zinsgrenze [The Ground and Limit of Interest] (Katholische Zeitschrift [Catholic Journal], Innsbruck, 1888); Brants, Les Théories économiques aux XIIIe et XIVe siècles [Economic Theories in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries], chap. 7; Cl. Jannet, Le Capital, la Spéculation et la Finance au XIXe siècle [Capital, Speculation, and Finance in the Nineteenth Century], chap. 3; Antoine, Cours d’économie sociale [Course of Social Economy], chap. 17, arts. 5-6; Gaggia, Le usure nelle fonti del diritto canonico [Usury in the Sources of Canon Law] (Rivista internazionale di scienze sociali [International Review of Social Sciences], 1897, p. 523 ff.; 1898, p. 39 ff.); Ch. Dehon, L’usure au temps présent [Usury at the Present Time] (pamphlet); Van Roey, De iusto auctario [On a Just Increase].