K. Thirty-one propositions condemned by Alexander VIII, by the Decree Sanctissimus Dominus Noster, etc., December 7, 1690

1. In the state of fallen nature, for formal sin and demerit there suffices that liberty by which it was voluntary and free in its cause, original sin, and the will of Adam sinning.

2. Although invincible ignorance of the law of nature be granted, in the state of fallen nature this does not excuse one acting from it from formal sin.

3. It is not lawful to follow an opinion, even the most probable among the probable.

4. He gave himself for us as an oblation to God, not for the elect alone, but for all and only the faithful.

5. Pagans, Jews, heretics, and others of this kind receive no influence at all from Jesus Christ; and so from this you will rightly infer that in them there is a will naked and unarmed, without any sufficient grace.

6. Sufficient grace is not so much useful as pernicious to our state, so that therefore we can deservedly ask: From sufficient grace deliver us, Lord.

7. Every deliberate human action is love of God or of the world: if of God, it is the charity of the Father; if of the world, it is concupiscence of the flesh, that is, it is evil.

8. It is necessary that an unbeliever sin in every work.

9. He really sins who hates sin merely on account of its baseness and disagreement with nature, without any respect to God offended.

10. The intention by which someone detests evil and pursues good merely in order to obtain heavenly glory is not right, nor pleasing to God.

11. Everything which is not from Christian supernatural Faith, which works through love, is sin.

12. When in great sinners all love fails, Faith also fails; and even if they seem to believe, it is not divine Faith, but human.

13. Whoever serves God even with a view to eternal reward, if he lacks charity, is not without fault whenever he operates with a view, even of beatitude.

14. Fear of hell is not supernatural.

15. Attrition which is conceived from fear of hell and of punishments, without the love of benevolence of God for his own sake, is not a good and supernatural motion.

16. The order of putting satisfaction before absolution was introduced not by the polity or institution of the Church, but by the very law and prescription of Christ, the nature of the matter somehow dictating this very thing.

17. By that practice of absolving immediately, the order of penance has been inverted.

18. The modern custom as to the administration of the Sacrament of Penance, even if the authority of very many men sustains it and a long duration of time confirms it, nevertheless is not held by the Church as a use, but as an abuse.

19. A man ought through his whole life to do penance for original sin.

20. Confessions made among religious are for the most part either sacrilegious or invalid.

21. A parishioner can suspect concerning mendicants, who live by common alms, that they impose too light and unsuitable a penance or satisfaction, on account of gain or profit of temporal support.

22. They are to be judged sacrilegious who claim a right to receiving Communion before they have done condign penance for their crimes.

23. Likewise they are to be barred from Sacred Communion in whom there is not yet the most pure love of God, and one free from every mixture.

24. The offering in the temple which was made by the Blessed Virgin Mary on the day of her purification, through two young doves, one for a holocaust and the other for sins, sufficiently testifies that she needed purification, and that the Son (who was offered) was also stained with the stain of the Mother, according to the words of the law.

25. It is unlawful for a Christian to place in a temple an image of God the Father sitting.

26. Praise which is rendered to Mary, as Mary, is vain.

27. Baptism conferred under this form was once valid: In the name of the Father, etc., with those words omitted: I baptize thee.

28. Baptism conferred by a minister is valid when he observes every external rite and form of baptizing, but inwardly in his heart resolves within himself: I do not intend what the Church does.

29. The assertion concerning the authority of the Roman Pontiff above an Ecumenical Council, and concerning his infallibility in deciding questions of Faith, is futile and so often shaken.

30. Where someone has found doctrine clearly founded in Augustine, he can hold and teach it absolutely, without regard to any bull of the Pontiff.

31. The bull of Urban VIII, In eminenti, is surreptitious.

Condemned and prohibited respectively as rash, scandalous, ill-sounding, injurious, next to heresy, savoring of heresy, erroneous, schismatic, and heretical.