A Topic of Moral Theology

The Morality of Human Acts

The object, end, and circumstances as sources of an act's goodness or malice; merit.

Within this topic

In the index as Human act · Morality · End (Finis) · Morality of acts · Act (Actus) · Good · Human act takes morality from the object · Evil · Actions · Intention · Object (Objectum) · Sin · Circumstance · Circumstances (Circumstantiae) · Morality of human acts · Rectitude · Acts · Bad effects of an action · Conformity of the human will with the divine will · Delight · Efficacy of intention · Fault · Goodness · Goodness of an act

In the manuals

A Manual of Moral Theology for English-Speaking Countries

Vol. I, Bk. I, Ch. IV, Section I. The Essence of Morality, nn. 1, 2, 3 & 4 (4 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Bk. I, Ch. IV, Section II. The Sources of Morality, nn. 1 & 2 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Bk. I, Ch. IV, Sect. II, Point I. The Object, nn. 1 & 2 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Bk. I, Ch. IV, Sect. II, Point II. The End, nn. 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 (5 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Bk. I, Ch. IV, Sect. II, Point III. The Circumstances, nn. 1, 2 & 3 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Bk. I, Ch. IV, Section III. On Merit, nn. 1, 2 & 3 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)

Manual of Moral Theology (Manuale Theologiae Moralis)

Vol. I, Bk. I, Tr. II, Dissertation II. On Human Acts Considered according to Moral Being, n. ¶1 — We shall speak first of morality in general, then of morality considered according to its supreme species, namely concerning the good, evil, and indifferent act.Read in context →

Vol. I, Bk. I, Tr. II, Diss. II, Pt. I, Section II. On the Sources of Morality, n. 64 — The sources of morality are called those things from which a human act takes, or, as from sources, draws, its morality, that is, goodness or malice. The sources are: the object and circumstance of the act, and finally th… Read in context →

Vol. I, Bk. I, Tr. II, Diss. II, Part II. On Morality in Particular, n. ¶1 — The species, at least the supreme species, of morality are goodness, indifference, and malice (n. 62). Hence:Read in context →

Moral Theology: A Complete Course (McHugh & Callan)

Vol. I, Pt. I, Q. I, Art. 3. Acts as Moral, Introduction, n. 63 — (Summa Theologica, I-II, qq. 18-20.) In order that an act be a means by which man may tend to his Last End, it is not sufficient that it be human (proceeding from knowledge and will); it must also be morally good.Read in context →

Institutions of Moral Theology (Institutiones Theologiae Moralis)

Vol. I, On Human Acts, III. On the Morality of Human Acts, nn. 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74 & 75 (9 passages — hover a number to read it)

Commentaries on Human Acts (Commentarii de Actibus Humanis)

Bucceroni, Commentaries on Human Acts, Commentary X: On the Moral Goodness and Malice of Human Acts, nn. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 & 9 (9 passages — hover a number to read it)

Compendium of Moral Theology of Fr. John Peter Gury, S.J., with the Notes of Antonio Ballerini, S.J.

Vol. I, Treatise on Human Acts, Chapter III. On the Morality of Human Acts, n. ¶1 — It will be said 1. of the essence of morality; 2. of its sources.Read in context →

Synopsis of Moral and Pastoral Theology

Vol. II, Fundamental Moral Theology…, On Human Acts — Chapter II: On the Morality of the Human Act, nn. 139, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166 & 167 (11 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Fundamental Moral Theology…, On Human Acts — Chapter III: On the Merit of the Human Act, n. 196 — Concerning the Merit of the Human Act.. 196. Preliminary notes. As was said above, n. 8, the end toward which we tend is supernatural, and is attained by us by way of remuneration, n. 29. Therefore it does not suffice to act honorably, but supernatural and mer… Read in context →

Theologia Moralis: Principles — Responses — Counsels

Vol. I, Tr. II, Title IV: On the Human Act as Moral, n. ¶1 — The usefulness of this title, since it concerns the knowing of a thing which is so much ours that from it our discipline draws its name, does not need to be demonstrated. The considerations to be made are truly essential… Read in context →

Vol. I, Tr. II, Chapter II: How Widely Morality Extends, nn. 110, 111, 112 & ¶1 (4 passages — hover a number to read it)

Manuale Theologiae Moralis

Vol. I, Pt. I, Tr. II, Chapter III. On the Morality of Human Acts, n. ¶33 — Connection of the matter. Since enough has been said concerning the nature, division, principles, and impediments of human acts, now it is necessary to treat of their morality and of supernatural merit. For by our acts w… Read in context →

Vol. I, Pt. I, Tr. II, Ch. III, Article III. On the Extension of Morality, n. ¶35 — From what has been said concerning the nature and sources of morality, it is easily deduced how far morality extends in individual acts. But since theologians specially dispute concerning two questions pertaining here, n… Read in context →

Institutiones Morales Alphonsianae

Vol. I, Part First: On the First P…, Tr. III, Chapter II: On the Morality of Acts, nn. ¶1, ¶294 & ¶295 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Part First: On the First P…, Tr. III, Ch. II, Article I: On the Principles of Morality, n. ¶296 — 296. Theologians call the principles or sources of morality all those things from which it comes about that some action is good, or evil, or indifferent. For just as the natural goodness of a thing rises from the fullnes… Read in context →

Vol. I, Part First: On the First P…, Tr. III, Ch. II, Art. I, § 1. On the Object, nn. ¶297 & ¶298 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Part First: On the First P…, Tr. III, Ch. II, Art. I, § 2. On Circumstances, nn. ¶299, ¶300, ¶301 & ¶302 (4 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Part First: On the First P…, Tr. III, Ch. II, Art. I, § 3. On the End, nn. ¶303, ¶304, ¶305 & ¶306 (4 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Part First: On the First P…, Tr. III, Appendix: On Good Acts, nn. ¶1, ¶2, ¶307, ¶3, ¶308, ¶4 & ¶309 (7 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Part First: On the First P…, Tr. III, Appendix: On Good Acts, Article II: On the Extension of Morality, n. ¶1 — In order that the extension of morality may be rightly defined, two things must be investigated: 1. whether morality extends itself to all human acts, or: whether there is given a human act neither good nor evil, but ind… Read in context →

Vol. I, Part First: On the First P…, Tr. III, Appendix: On Good Acts, Art. II, § 1. On the Indifference of Acts, nn. ¶310, ¶311 & ¶312 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Part First: On the First P…, Tr. III, Appendix: On Good Acts, Art. II, § 2. On the Morality of an Indirectly Voluntary Effect, nn. ¶313, ¶314 & ¶315 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)

Summa Theologiae Moralis

Vol. I, General Moral Theology, Treatise: On Human Acts in…, Second Part: On Human Acts According to Moral Being, n. 113 (5 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, General Moral Theology, Treatise: On Human Acts in…, Second Part: On Human Acts…, Section B: On the Morality…, Question I: On the Goodness and Malice of the Interior Act, nn. ¶1, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166 & 167 (22 passages — hover a number to read it)

Theologia Moralis Sancti Alphonsi: Reduced into a Compendium

Vol. I, Treatise on Human Acts, Chapter III: On the Morality of Human Acts, n. ¶1 — It is said: 1° Of the essence of morality; 2° of the sources of the same.Read in context →

Vol. I, Treatise on Human Acts, Ch. III, Article I: On the Essence of Morality, nn. ¶21, ¶22, ¶23, ¶24 & ¶25 (5 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Treatise on Human Acts, Ch. III, Article II: On the Sources of Morality, nn. ¶1, ¶2 & ¶3 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Treatise on Human Acts, Ch. III, Art. II, § I. On the Object, n. ¶26 — 26. - The object is everything (thing or person) about which some action is morally concerned. Hence in theft the object is another's thing which has been unjustly taken away; in an act of justice, another's thing which … Read in context →

Vol. I, Treatise on Human Acts, Ch. III, Art. II, § II. On Circumstances, n. ¶27 — 27. - Circumstances, so called as if standing around the act, can be defined: "Accidental determinations, or certain accidents of an act, without which this act could indeed exist as to substance, but which nevertheless … Read in context →

Vol. I, Treatise on Human Acts, Ch. III, Art. II, § III. On the End, nn. ¶28, ¶29, ¶30 & ¶31 (4 passages — hover a number to read it)

Summa Summae S. Thomae (Billuart)

Billuart, Summa Summae, Tomus II. On the Prima Sec…, On Human Acts, On Human Acts in Their Mor…, In what the morality of human acts in general consists?, nn. 1–16 (16 passages)

Billuart, Summa Summae, Tomus II. On the Prima Sec…, On Human Acts, On Human Acts in Their Mor…, Whether the exterior act adds goodness or malice to the interior act?, nn. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 & 7 (7 passages — hover a number to read it)

Billuart, Summa Summae, Tomus II. On the Prima Sec…, On Human Acts, On Human Acts in Their Mor…, Whether the event that follows adds to the goodness or malice of the exterior act?, nn. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 & 7 (7 passages — hover a number to read it)

Moral Philosophy: Ethics, Deontology and Natural Law

Pt. II, Ch. VI, Section I. Of the natural difference between Good and Evil, nn. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 & 8 (8 passages — hover a number to read it)

A Brief Text-Book of Moral Philosophy

Chapter II: The Morality of Human Acts, n. 36 — 36\. Having discussed in the preceding chapter the end of human acts, we shall next proceed to study their nature. With this purpose we shall examine: 1. The essential difference between morally good and morally bad acts… Read in context →

Questions of Moral Theology

Slater, Questions, Some Questions Concerning Intention, nn. ¶605, ¶606, ¶607, ¶608, ¶609, ¶610, ¶612, ¶613, ¶614, ¶615, ¶616, ¶617, ¶618, ¶619, ¶620, ¶621, ¶623, ¶624, ¶625, ¶626, ¶627, ¶628, ¶629, ¶630, ¶631, ¶632, ¶633, ¶634, ¶635, ¶636, ¶637, ¶638, ¶639, ¶640, ¶641, ¶642, ¶643, ¶644, ¶646, ¶647, ¶648, ¶649, ¶650, ¶651 & ¶652 (47 passages — hover a number to read it)

Cases of Conscience for English-Speaking Countries, Volume I

Slater, Cases I, Human Acts, Case 9. Morality Not in the External Act, nn. ¶1, ¶2, ¶3, ¶4, ¶5, ¶6, ¶7, ¶8, ¶9 & ¶10 (10 passages — hover a number to read it)

The Catechism of the Council of Trent (The Roman Catechism)

Pt. IV, The Fourth Petition of the Lord’s Prayer: “Give Us This Day Our Daily Bread”, n. ¶3 — Means Of Ascertaining Purity Of Intention In Offering This Petition. A sure standard for judging what petition is good, and what bad, is the purpose and intention of the petitioner. Thus if a person prays for temporal blessings under the impression that they constitute the sovereign good,… Read in context →

Summa of Moral Theology (Summa Theologiae Moralis)

Noldin, Summa of Moral Theology, On the Principles of Moral…, Book Second. On Acts Apt F…, Second Question. On Moral …, Second Article. On The Norm Of Morality, nn. 64, 65, 66, 67 & 68 (5 passages — hover a number to read it)

Noldin, Summa of Moral Theology, On the Principles of Moral…, Book Second. On Acts Apt F…, Second Question. On Moral …, Third Article. On The Sources Of Morality, nn. 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76 & 77 (9 passages — hover a number to read it)

Noldin, Summa of Moral Theology, On the Principles of Moral…, Book Second. On Acts Apt F…, Second Question. On Moral …, Fourth Article. On The Morality Of The External Act, nn. ¶1 & 78 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Noldin, Summa of Moral Theology, On the Principles of Moral…, Book Second. On Acts Apt F…, Appendix. On Acts Morally Indifferent, nn. 93, 94 & 95 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)

Noldin, Summa of Moral Theology, On the Principles of Moral…, Book Second. On Acts Apt F…, Fifth Question. On Meritor…, First Article. On The Nature Of Merit, nn. 100 & 101 (2 passages — hover a number to read it)

Noldin, Summa of Moral Theology, On the Principles of Moral…, Book Second. On Acts Apt F…, Fifth Question. On Meritor…, Second Article. On The Conditions Of Merit, nn. 102, 103 & 104 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)

Noldin, Summa of Moral Theology, On the Principles of Moral…, Book Third. On Laws, Third Question. On Human Law, Second Article. On The Object Of Human Law, nn. ¶1, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140 & 141 (7 passages — hover a number to read it)

The True Spouse of Jesus Christ

Chapter XIV: Resignation to the Will of God, nn. ¶1869, ¶1870, ¶1871, ¶1875, ¶1878, ¶1879, ¶1885, ¶1886, ¶1891, ¶1896, ¶1897, ¶1901, ¶1905, ¶1909, ¶1910, ¶1916, ¶1917, ¶1918, ¶1919, ¶1920, ¶1921, ¶1922, ¶1923, ¶1928, ¶1929, ¶1933, ¶1935, ¶1937, ¶1938, ¶1939, ¶1944, ¶1947, ¶1948, ¶1949, ¶1952, ¶1953, ¶1954 & ¶1956 (38 passages — hover a number to read it)

Chapter XIX: Purity of Intention, nn. ¶2508, ¶2517, ¶2521, ¶2524, ¶2536 & ¶2548 (6 passages — hover a number to read it)

A Handbook of Moral Theology (Koch–Preuss)

Vol. I, Its Subject, Norm, and Object, Morality, Its Subject, Norm, and Object, Ch. II, Divine and Human, Section 8: The Obligation of Law, nn. ¶1–¶21 (21 passages)

Vol. I, Its Subject, Norm, and Object, Morality, Its Subject, Norm, and Object, Ch. V, Section 3: Morality of Human Acts, nn. ¶4–¶26 (23 passages)

Cases of Conscience, Proposed by Cardinal de Lugo, by Fr. Beniamino Elbel, by Fr. Ioannes Petrus Gury and by Other Authors, and Resolved (Casus conscientiae)

8. On the End of the Agent, nn. 1 & 2 (7 passages — hover a number to read it)

9. On the Object of Morality, nn. 1, 2 & 3 (7 passages — hover a number to read it)

10. On the Circumstances of Human Acts, nn. 1 & 2 (9 passages — hover a number to read it)

Pastoral Questions

Merkelbach, Pastoral Questions, I. Questions Concerning Ch…, On Chastity and Lust, Question Two: Concerning Chastity and Lust in General — Theological Principles, nn. ¶136, ¶137, ¶138, ¶139, ¶140, ¶141, ¶142 & ¶143 (8 passages — hover a number to read it)

Compendium of Moral Theology

Vol. I, Tr. I, Ch. IV, Article I. On the Essence of Morality, nn. 22, 23 & 23, Q. 2 (3 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Tr. I, Ch. IV, Article II. On the Sources of Morality, n. 24 — The sources of morality are named those principles which bestow upon human acts their species, or a modification of the species, in the genus of morals. Three sources of morality are numbered, namely: 1st, the object of … Read in context →

Vol. I, Tr. I, Ch. IV, Art. II, § I. On the Object, n. 25 — The object is that about which a moral act is immediately concerned, and in which the will of the agent proximately and through itself is terminated. The object is good or bad or indifferent according as it agrees or doe… Read in context →

Vol. I, Tr. I, Ch. IV, Art. II, § II. On Circumstances, n. 26 — Circumstances are accidental determinations of an act, without which the act could exist as to substance, and which nevertheless in some way touch its morality. Seven classes of circumstances are numbered, expressed in t… Read in context →

Vol. I, Tr. I, Ch. IV, Art. II, § III. On the End, nn. 27, 28, 28, Q. 2 & 28, Q. 3 (4 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. I, Tr. III, Pt. I, Ch. VII, Article I. On the Very Force of Obligation, nn. 86, 87, 87, Q. 2, 87, Q. 3 & 87, Q. 4 (5 passages — hover a number to read it)

Vol. II, Tr. XV, Pt. II, Ch. II, Art. II, § I. On the Necessity of the Integrity of Confession, n. 745 — Point III. On the Circumstances of Sins. The circumstances of sins are distinguished in various ways. For 1°. some change the species, namely those which by reason of themselves add to the act a malice distinct in species from that which the act has by reason o… Read in context →

The Catechism Explained: An Exhaustive Exposition of the Christian Religion

Pt. II, Vice and Virtue, Perfection, B. GOOD WORKS, VIRTUE, SIN, VICE, I. GOOD WORKS, nn. ¶1–¶24 (24 passages)

Moral Enchiridion, Comprising Select Decrees and Definitions of the Holy See, of Ecumenical Councils and of the Sacred Roman Congregations (Enchiridion Morale), Fourth Edition

Bucceroni, Moral Enchiridion (4th ed., 1905), On Human Acts, nn. 71, 79 & 89 (5 passages — hover a number to read it)

Bucceroni, Moral Enchiridion (4th ed., 1905), On Laws, nn. 166, 168, 170, 169, 171, 178, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 190, 195, 214, 227, 227, 228, 237, 241, 242, 250, 258, 254, 260, 262, 264, 266, 270, 281, 272, 273, 279, 281, 282 & 285 (151 passages — hover a number to read it)

Moral Enchiridion, and Supplement to the Compendium of Moral Theology of Gury-Ballerini (Enchiridion Morale)

Bucceroni, Moral Enchiridion, On Laws, nn. ¶1–¶23 (23 passages)

Treated under the broader heading Human Acts — Bucceroni, Commentaries (1910) · Rickaby, Four-Square — these works do not divide the matter as finely as we do here, so their treatment stands one heading up (ed.)