Morals of the Church
LibraryTopicsIndexSearchQuestionsSupport
Library › Marc, Institutiones Morales › Volume I › Part II: On the Precepts of the Decalogue and of the Church › Section II: On the Individual Precepts of the Decalogue › TREATISE V: On the Fifth Precept of the Decalogue
  • Volume I
    • Title Pages (Volume I)
    • Preface to This New Edition
    • Preface to the First Edition
    • Letters of the Holy Father Leo XIII
    • Principal Testimonies and Judgments of the Holy See concerning the Moral Doctrine of St. Alphonsus
    • Explanation of the Manner in Which the Testimonies of St. Alphonsus Are Indicated
    • Introduction to Moral Theology
      • § 1. On the Nature of Moral Theology
      • § 2. On the Excellence and Necessity of Moral Theology
      • § 3. On the Method of Moral Theology
      • § 4. On the History and Sources of Moral Theology
      • § 5. On the Partition of Moral Theology
    • Part First: On the First Principles of Moral Theology
      • Treatise I: On Conscience
        • Chapter I: On True and Erroneous Conscience
        • Chapter II: On Certain and Doubtful Conscience
          • Article I: On the Necessity of Certain Conscience
          • Article II: On the Manner of Laying Aside Doubtful Conscience by Reflex Principles
        • Chapter III: On Probable Conscience
          • Article I: On the Nature of Probability
            • § 1. On Opinions Considered in Themselves
            • § 2. On Opinions Taken Comparatively
          • Article II: On the Use of Probability
            • § 1. On the Unlawful Use of Probability Where There Intervenes the Danger of Some Evil Absolutely to Be Avoided
            • § 2. On the Lawful Use of Probability
      • Treatise II: On Laws
        • Dissertation I: On Divine Law
          • Chapter I: On Eternal and Natural Law
            • Article I: On Eternal Law
            • Article II: On Natural Law
              • § 1. On the Existence and Object of Natural Law
              • § 2. On the Promulgation and Cognition of Natural Law
              • § 3. On the Immutability of Natural Law
          • Chapter II: On Positive Divine Law
        • Dissertation II: On Human Law
          • Chapter I: On the Institution of Laws
            • Article I: On Legislative Power
              • § 1. On the Author of Ecclesiastical Law
              • § 2. On the Author of Civil Law
            • Article II: On the Object or Matter of Law
          • Chapter II: On the Promulgation and Acceptance of Law
            • Article I: On the Promulgation of Law
            • Article II: On the Acceptance of Law
          • Chapter III: On the Interpretation of Law
            • Article I: On Interpretation Properly So Called
              • § 1. On Authentic Interpretation
              • § 2. On Usual Interpretation
              • § 3. On Doctrinal Interpretation
            • Article II: On Epikeia
          • Chapter IV: On the Obligation of Law
            • Article I: What Kind of Obligation Law Induces
              • § 1. On the Obligation of Law in General
              • § 2. On the Obligation of Penal Law
              • § 3. On the Obligation of an Invalidating Law
              • § 4. On the Obligation of a Law Founded on Presumption
            • Article II: To Whom the Obligation of Law Extends
              • § 1. On Children and Others Lacking the Use of Reason
              • § 2. On Unbelievers and Heretics
              • § 3. On Regulars and Clerics
              • § 4. On Newcomers, Travelers, and Wanderers
              • § 5. On the Legislator
            • Article III: How the Obligation of Law Is to Be Satisfied
              • § 1. On the Mode of Satisfying a Law
              • § 2. On the Mode of Acting in the Concurrence of Precepts
          • Chapter V: On Causes Taking Away the Obligation of Law
            • Article I: On Ignorance of Law
            • Article II: On Impotence of Observing a Law
            • Article III: On Dispensation
              • § 1. On the Power of Dispensing
              • § 2. On the Requisites for Legitimate Dispensation
              • § 3. On the Interpretation and Use of Dispensation
              • § 4. On the Cessation of Dispensation
            • Article IV: On Privilege
              • § 1. On the Acquisition of Privilege
              • § 2. On the Use of Privilege
              • § 3. On the Interpretation of Privilege
              • § 4. On the Cessation of Privilege
          • Chapter VI: On the Cessation of Law
            • Article I: On the Cessation of Law from Within
            • Article II: On Abrogation and Derogation of Law
            • Article III: On Custom
              • § 1. On the Conditions of Legitimate Custom
              • § 2. On the Prohibition and Abrogation of Custom
      • Treatise III: On Human Acts
        • Chapter I: On the Imputability of Human Acts
          • Article I: On the Principles of Imputability
            • § 1. On the Voluntary
            • § 2. On the Free
          • Article II: On the Impediments of Imputability
            • § 1. On Violence
            • § 2. On Fear
            • § 3. On Ignorance
            • § 4. On Concupiscence
        • Chapter II: On the Morality of Acts
          • Article I: On the Principles of Morality
            • § 1. On the Object
            • § 2. On Circumstances
            • § 3. On the End
        • Appendix: On Good Acts
          • Article II: On the Extension of Morality
            • § 1. On the Indifference of Acts
            • § 2. On the Morality of an Indirectly Voluntary Effect
      • Treatise IV: On Sins
        • Chapter I: On the Requisites for Sin
          • Article I: On the Advertence of the Intellect
          • Article II: On the Consent of the Will
        • Chapter II: On the Distinction of Sins
          • Article I: On Specific Distinction
          • Article II: On Numerical Distinction
            • § 1. On the Multiplicity of Morally Interrupted Acts
            • § 2. On the Diversity of Total Objects
        • Chapter III: On the Gravity of Sins
          • Article I: On Mortal Sin
          • Article II: On Venial Sin
        • Chapter IV: On Internal Sins
          • Article I: On Depraved Desires and Purposes
          • Article II: On Complacency and Joy
          • Article III: On Morose Delectation
        • Chapter V: On Capital Sins
        • Chapter VI: On the Danger of Sinning
      • Treatise V: On Virtues
        • Chapter I: On the Properties of Virtues
          • Article I: On the Mediocrity of Virtues
          • Article II: On the Connection and Order of Virtues
        • Chapter II: On the Specific Distinction of Virtues
          • Article I: On the Distinction of Virtues in the Natural Order
            • § 1. On Prudence and the Virtues Contained Under It
            • § 2. On Justice and the Virtues Annexed to It
            • § 3. On Fortitude and the Virtues Annexed to It
            • § 4. On Temperance and the Virtues Annexed to It
          • Article II: On the Distinction of Virtues in the Supernatural Order
        • Chapter III: On the Acquisition and Loss of Virtues
          • § 1. On the Acquisition of Virtues
          • § 2. On the Diminution and Loss of Virtues
    • Part II: On the Precepts of the Decalogue and of the Church
      • Section I: On the Preambles to the Decalogue Or On the Theological Virtues
        • Treatise I: On Theological Faith
          • Chapter I: On the Nature of Faith
            • § 1. On the Material Object of Faith
            • § 2. On the Formal Object of Faith
            • § 3. On the Subject of Faith
          • Chapter II: On the Necessity of Faith
            • § 1. On the Necessity of Faith as Regards the Internal Act
            • § 2. On the Necessity of Faith as Regards the External Act
          • Chapter III: On Sins Opposed to Faith
            • Article I: On Infidelity
            • Article II: On Heresy and Apostasy From Faith
              • § 1. On the Sins of Heresy and Apostasy
              • § 2. On the Sanction Against Heresy and Apostasy
              • § 3. On the Absolution of Heretics
            • Article III: On the Dangers of Faith
              • § 1. On Liberty of Worships
              • § 2. On Communication With Heretics and Unbelievers
              • § 3. On the Reading of Depraved Books
        • Treatise II: On Theological Hope
          • Chapter I: On the Nature of Hope
          • Chapter II: On the Necessity of Hope
          • Chapter III: On Sins Opposed to Hope
        • Treatise III: On Charity
          • Chapter I: On Charity Toward God
            • Article I: On the Nature of Charity
            • Article II: On the Necessity of Charity Toward God
            • Article III: On Sins Opposed to Charity Toward God
          • Chapter II: On Charity Toward Neighbor
            • Article I: On the Order to Be Preserved in Charity
              • § 1. On the Order of Charity Between Ourselves and Neighbor
              • § 2. On the Order of Charity Among Neighbors Themselves
            • Article II: On Acts of Charity Toward Neighbor
              • § 1. On Almsgiving
              • § 2. On Fraternal Correction
            • Article III: On Sins Adverse to Charity Toward Neighbor
              • § 1. On Hatred of Neighbor
              • § 2. On Scandal
              • § 3. On Cooperation in the Sins of Others
      • Section II: On the Individual Precepts of the Decalogue
        • Treatise I: On the First Precept of the Decalogue
          • Chapter I: On the Virtue of Religion
            • Article I: On the Notion of Worship
            • Article II: On the Species of Sacred Worship
              • § 1. On the Worship of Latria
              • § 2. On the Worship of Dulia
            • Article III: On the Distinction of Acts of Religion
          • Chapter II: On the Acts of Religion Commanded by the First Precept
            • Article I: On Devotion
            • Article II: On Prayer
            • Article III: On Adoration and also on Offerings, First-Fruits, and Tithes
          • Chapter III: On Sins Opposed to the First Precept
            • Article I: On Superstition
              • § 1. On Idolatry
              • § 2. On Divination
              • § 3. On Vain Observance
              • § 4. On Magic and Malefice
            • Article II: On Irreligiosity
              • § 1. On Tempting God
              • § 2. On Sacrilege
              • § 3. On Simony
        • TREATISE II: On the Second Precept of the Decalogue
          • CHAPTER I: On the Praise of God and on Irreverence Against His Most Holy Name
            • ARTICLE I: On the Vain Usurpation of the Divine Name
            • ARTICLE II: On Blasphemy
          • CHAPTER II: On Oath and Adjuration
            • ARTICLE I: On Oath
              • § 1. On the Validity of an Oath
              • § 2. On the Licitness of an Oath
              • § 3. On the Promissory Oath
            • ARTICLE II: On Adjuration
          • CHAPTER III: On Vow
            • ARTICLE I: On the Requisites for a Vow
            • ARTICLE II: On the Obligation of a Vow
            • ARTICLE III: On the Cessation of a Vow
              • § 1. On Irritation of Vows
              • § 2. On Dispensation of Vows
              • § 3. On Commutation of Vows
        • TREATISE III: On the Third Precept of the Decalogue
          • CHAPTER I: On Feasts to Be Sanctified in General
          • CHAPTER II: On the Obligation of Abstaining from Servile Works
            • ARTICLE I: On Works Which Are Forbidden on Feast Days
            • ARTICLE II: On the Causes on Account of Which Servile Works Are Permitted
          • CHAPTER III: On the Obligation of Hearing Mass
            • ARTICLE I: On the Requisites for Hearing Mass
            • ARTICLE II: On Causes Excusing From Mass
        • TREATISE IV: On the Fourth Precept of the Decalogue
          • CHAPTER I: On Piety, Observance, and Obedience
          • CHAPTER II: On the Mutual Duties of Children and Parents
            • ARTICLE I: On the Duties of Children Toward Parents
            • ARTICLE II: On the Duties of Parents Toward Children
          • CHAPTER III: On the Mutual Duties of Spouses
          • CHAPTER IV: On the Mutual Obligations of Inferiors and Superiors
            • ARTICLE I: On the Obligations of Servants and Masters
              • § 1. On the Obligations of Servants
              • § 2. On the Obligations of Masters
            • ARTICLE II: On the Obligations of Disciples and Teachers
              • § 1. On the Obligations of Disciples
              • § 2. On the Obligations of Teachers
        • TREATISE V: On the Fifth Precept of the Decalogue
          • CHAPTER I: On Justice and Injury
            • ARTICLE I: On Commutative Justice
            • ARTICLE II: On Injury and Injustice
          • CHAPTER II: On Homicide and Its Species
            • ARTICLE I: On the Killing of a Malefactor
            • ARTICLE II: On the Killing of an Aggressor
            • ARTICLE III: On the Killing of an Innocent Person
              • § 1. On the Killing of an Innocent Person in General
              • § 2. On the Procuring of Abortion
          • CHAPTER III: On Duel and War
            • ARTICLE I: On Duel
            • ARTICLE II: On War
          • CHAPTER IV: On Suicide and Drunkenness
            • ARTICLE I: On Suicide
              • § 1. On the Killing of Oneself
              • § 2. On Mutilation of Oneself
            • ARTICLE II: On Drunkenness
        • TREATISE VI: On the Sixth and Ninth Precept of the Decalogue
          • CHAPTER I: On Chastity and Lust in General
            • ARTICLE I: On Chastity and Modesty
            • ARTICLE II: On Lust and Immodesty
          • CHAPTER II: On Sins of Consummated Lust
            • ARTICLE I: On Sins of Lust According to Nature
              • § 1. On Fornication
              • § 2. On Stuprum
              • § 3. On Raptus
              • § 4. On Adultery
              • § 5. On Incest
              • § 6. On Carnal Sacrilege
            • ARTICLE II: On Sins of Lust Against Nature
              • § 1. On Pollution
              • § 2. On Onanism
              • § 3. On Sodomy
              • § 4. On Bestiality
          • CHAPTER III: On Sins of Non-Consummated Lust
            • ARTICLE I: On Shameful Speech and the Reading of Obscene Things
            • ARTICLE II: On Immodest Looks
            • ARTICLE III: On Lustful Touches
          • CHAPTER IV: On the Dangers of Chastity
        • TREATISE VII: On the Seventh and Tenth Precept of the Decalogue
          • DISSERTATION I: CONCERNING THE RIGHT OF MAN IN EXTERNAL GOODS
            • CHAPTER I: On the Nature and Species of Ownership
            • CHAPTER II: On the Object and Subject of Ownership
              • ARTICLE I: On the Object of Ownership
                • § 1. On Man's Ownership Over Other Men
                • § 2. On Man's Ownership Over the Offspring of His Own Genius
              • ARTICLE II: On the Subject of Ownership
                • § 1. On the Subject of Ownership in General
                • § 2. On the Subject of Ownership in Particular
                • § 3. On the Ownership of Moral Persons
            • CHAPTER III: On the Modes of Acquiring Ownership
              • ARTICLE I: On Occupation
                • § 1. On the Occupation of Animals
                • § 2. On the Occupation of Things Found
              • ARTICLE II: On Accession
              • ARTICLE III: On Prescription
                • § 1. On Acquisitive Prescription
                • § 2. On Liberative Prescription
          • DISSERTATION II: CONCERNING LESION OF RIGHT IN EXTERNAL GOODS
            • CHAPTER I: On the Unjust Acceptance of Another's Thing, or On Theft
              • ARTICLE I: On the Nature and Gravity of Theft in General
              • ARTICLE II: Concerning Certain Thefts in Particular
                • § 1. On Domestic Thefts
                • § 2. On Small Thefts
              • ARTICLE II: On Causes Excusing the Carrying Away of Another's Thing
                • § 1. On Necessity Excusing the Carrying Away of Another's Thing
                • § 2. On Occult Compensation
            • CHAPTER II: On Unjust Damaging
          • DISSERTATION III: ON THE REPARATION OF INJURED RIGHT, OR ON RESTITUTION
            • CHAPTER I: On the Obligation of Restoring
            • CHAPTER II: On Those Who Are Held to Restitution
              • ARTICLE I: On the Unjust Possessor of Another's Thing
                • § 1. ON THE POSSESSOR OF GOOD FAITH
                • § 2. ON THE POSSESSOR OF BAD FAITH
                • § 3. ON THE POSSESSOR OF DOUBTFUL FAITH
              • ARTICLE II: On the Unjust Damager
                • § 1. ON THE UNJUST DAMAGER IN GENERAL
                • § 2. ON VARIOUS UNJUST DAMAGERS
              • ARTICLE III: On the Unjust Cooperator
                • § 1. ON THOSE WHO COOPERATE POSITIVELY
                • § 2. ON THOSE WHO COOPERATE NEGATIVELY
            • CHAPTER III: On the Measure and Order of Restitution
              • ARTICLE I: On the Measure of Restitution
              • ARTICLE II: On the Order of Restitution among Unjust Cooperators
            • CHAPTER IV: On Those to Whom Restitution Must Be Made
              • ARTICLE I: To Whom Restitution Must Be Made
              • ARTICLE II: To Whom Restitution Must Be Made First
                • § 1. ORDER OF CREDITORS FROM POSITIVE LAW
                • § 2. ORDER OF COMMON CREDITORS FROM NATURAL LAW
            • CHAPTER V: On the Circumstances of Restitution
            • CHAPTER VI: On Causes Excusing from Restitution
              • ARTICLE I: On Causes Which Suspend the Obligation of Restoring
              • ARTICLE II: On Causes Which Take Away the Obligation of Restitution
          • DISSERTATION IV: ON CONTRACTS
            • CHAPTER I: On Contracts in General
              • ARTICLE I: On the Notion of Contract
              • ARTICLE II: On the Requisites for Contracting
                • § 1. ON THE MATTER OF CONTRACT
                • § 2. ON PERSONS WHO CAN CONTRACT
                • § 3. ON THE CONSENT OF CONTRACTING PARTIES
                • § 4. ON THE EXTERNAL FORM OF CONTRACT
              • ARTICLE III: On the Obligation of Contract
            • CHAPTER II: On Gratuitous Contracts
              • ARTICLE I: On Promise
              • ARTICLE II: On Donation
              • ARTICLE III: On Hereditary Succession
                • § 1. ON HEREDITARY SUCCESSION IN GENERAL
                • § 2. ON LEGAL SUCCESSION
                • § 3. ON TESTAMENTARY SUCCESSION
              • ARTICLE IV: On Mandate and Management of Another's Affair
              • ARTICLE V: On Deposit and Sequestration
              • ARTICLE VI: On Loan for Use and Precarium
              • ARTICLE VII: On Loan for Consumption
                • § 1. ON THE NATURE OF LOAN FOR CONSUMPTION
                • § 2. ON PROFIT NOT TO BE PERCEIVED FROM LOAN FOR CONSUMPTION, OR ON USURY
                • § 3. ON TITLES EXCUSING FROM USURY, OR ON INTEREST TO BE PERCEIVED FROM A LOAN FOR CONSUMPTION
                • § 4. ON CERTAIN LOANS FOR CONSUMPTION IN SPECIES
            • CHAPTER III: On Onerous Contracts
              • ARTICLE I: On Purchase-Sale
                • § 1. ON SALE IN GENERAL
                • § 2. ON CERTAIN SALES IN SPECIES
              • ARTICLE II: On Exchange and Money Exchange
              • ARTICLE III: On Census
              • ARTICLE IV: On Leasing and Hiring
              • Article V: On Emphyteusis and Fief
              • Article VI: On Society
              • Article VII: On Transaction
            • Chapter IV: On Aleatory Contracts
            • Chapter V: On Subsidiary Contracts
        • Tractate VIII: On the Eighth Precept of the Decalogue
          • Chapter I: On the Injury of Truth
            • Article I: On Lying
            • Article II: On Mental Restriction
            • Article III: On Violation of Secrecy
              • § 1. On Revelation of a Secret
              • § 2. On Inquiry into and Use of Another's Secret
          • Chapter II: On Injury of Reputation
            • Article I: On Rash Judgment
            • Article II: On Detraction
            • Article III: On the Obligation of Defending the Reputation of Neighbor
            • Article IV: On Restitution of Reputation
          • Chapter III: On Injury of Honor
      • Section Third: On Ecclesiastical Precepts and Penalties
        • Tractate I: On the Precepts of the Church
          • Chapter I: On Ecclesiastical Fast
            • Article I: On the Obligation of Fast
            • Article II: On the Form of Fast Prescribed by the Church
              • § 1. On Abstinence to Be Observed on Days of Fast
              • § 2. On One Meal
              • § 3. On the Hour of the Meal
            • Article III: On Causes Excusing from Fast
          • Chapter II: On Abstinence Outside Fast
        • TRACTATE II: On Censures and Ecclesiastical Penalties
          • CHAPTER I: On Censures in General
            • ARTICLE I: On the Notion and Division of Censures
            • ARTICLE II: On the Infliction of Censures
              • § 1. ON THE AUTHOR OF CENSURE
              • § 2. ON THE SUBJECT OF CENSURE
              • § 3. ON THE CAUSE OR MATTER OF CENSURE
              • § 4. ON THE FORM OF CENSURE
            • ARTICLE III: On Causes Excusing from Censure
            • ARTICLE IV: On Absolution from Censures
              • § 1. HOW CENSURES ARE RELEASED
              • § 2. WHO CAN ABSOLVE FROM CENSURES
              • § 3. WHAT ARE THE CONDITIONS OF ABSOLUTION
          • CHAPTER II: On the Various Species of Censure
            • ARTICLE I: On Excommunication
              • § 1. ON THE EFFECTS OF EXCOMMUNICATION IN THE EXCOMMUNICATED PERSON
              • § 2. ON THE EFFECTS OF EXCOMMUNICATION WITH RESPECT TO THE FAITHFUL
            • ARTICLE II: On Suspension
            • ARTICLE III: On Interdict
          • CHAPTER III: On Censures in Force Today from the Constitution of Pius IX, "Apostolicae Sedis," 12 Oct. 1869
            • ARTICLE I: On Excommunications *Latae Sententiae*
              • § 1. EXCOMMUNICATIONS *LATAE SENTENTIAE* RESERVED TO THE ROMAN PONTIFF IN A SPECIAL WAY
              • § 2. EXCOMMUNICATIONS SIMPLY RESERVED TO THE ROMAN PONTIFF
              • § 3. EXCOMMUNICATIONS RESERVED TO ORDINARIES.1
              • § 4. EXCOMMUNICATIONS *LATAE SENTENTIAE* RESERVED TO NO ONE
            • ARTICLE II: On Suspensions *Latae Sententiae*
            • ARTICLE III: On Interdicts *Latae Sententiae*
          • CHAPTER IV: On the Other Ecclesiastical Penalties
    • Appendix: On the Constitution Officiorum ac Munerum
      • TITLE I: On the Prohibition of Books
        • CHAPTER I: On Prohibited Books of Apostates, Heretics, Schismatics, and Other Writers
        • CHAPTER II: On Editions of the Original Text and Non-Vernacular Versions of Sacred Scripture
        • CHAPTER III: On Vernacular Versions of Sacred Scripture
        • CHAPTER IV: On Obscene Books
        • CHAPTER V: On Certain Books of Special Argument
        • CHAPTER VI: On Sacred Images and Indulgences
        • CHAPTER VII: On Liturgical and Prayer Books
        • CHAPTER VIII: On Newspapers, Sheets, and Periodical Booklets
        • CHAPTER IX: On the Faculty of Reading and Retaining Prohibited Books
        • CHAPTER X: On Denunciation of Depraved Books
      • TITLE II: On the Censure of Books
        • CHAPTER I: On Prelates Set Over the Censure of Books
        • CHAPTER II: On the Office of Censors in the Previous Examination of Books
        • CHAPTER III: On Books to Be Subjected to Previous Censure
        • CHAPTER IV: On Printers and Publishers of Books
        • CHAPTER V: On the Penalties Established against Transgressors of the General Decrees
    • Errata (as printed)
    • Supplement: Dispositions of the Code of Canon Law Which Pertain to Moral Theology
      • PART I
        • TRACTATE I: On Conscience
        • TRACTATE II: On Laws
        • TRACTATE III: On Human Acts
        • TRACTATES IV AND V. - On Sins and Virtues
      • PART II: SECTION I
        • TRACTATE I: On Theological Faith
        • TRACTATE II: On Hope
        • TRACTATE III: On Charity
        • SECTION II
          • TRACTATE I: On the First Precept of the Decalogue
          • TRACTATE II: On the Second Precept of the Decalogue
          • TRACTATE III: On the Third Precept of the Decalogue
          • TRACTATE IV: On the Fourth Precept of the Decalogue
          • TRACTATE V: On the Fifth Precept of the Decalogue
          • TRACTATE VI: On the Sixth and Ninth Precepts of the Decalogue
          • TRACTATE VII: On the Seventh Precept of the Decalogue
          • TRACTATE VIII: On the Eighth Precept of the Decalogue
        • SECTION THIRD
          • TRACTATE I: On the Precepts of the Church
          • TRACTATE II: On Ecclesiastical Censures and Penalties
            • Chapter I: On Censures in General
            • Chapter II: On the Various Species of Censure
            • Chapter III: On the Censures in Force Today
            • Chapter IV: On the Other Ecclesiastical Penalties
            • APPENDIX OF THE AUTHOR
    • Contents (as printed, Volume I)
  • Volume II
    • Title Pages (Volume II)
    • Part Third: On the Sacraments
      • Treatise I: On the Sacraments in General
        • Chapter I: On the Nature of the Sacraments
          • Article I: On the Notion and Distinction of the Sacraments
          • Article II: On the Power and Efficacy of the Sacraments
            • § 1. On the Grace of the Sacraments
            • § 2. On Character
          • Article III: On the Constitution of the Sacraments, or on Matter and Form
        • Chapter II: On the Minister of the Sacraments
          • Article I: On the Requisites in the Minister That He May Operate Validly
          • Article II: On the Requisites in the Minister That He May Operate Licitly
        • Chapter III: On the Subject of the Sacraments
          • Article I: On the Requisites for Valid Reception of a Sacrament
          • Article II: On the Requisites for Licit Reception of a Sacrament
        • Chapter IV: On Sacramentals
      • Treatise II: On Baptism
        • Chapter I: On the Nature of Baptism
          • Article I: On the Notion, Efficacy, and Necessity of Baptism
          • Article II: On the Matter and Form of Baptism
            • § 1. On the Matter of Baptism
            • § 2. On the Form of Baptism
        • Chapter II: On the Minister of Baptism
        • Chapter III: On the Subject of Baptism
        • Chapter IV: On the Ceremonies of Baptism
      • Treatise III: On Confirmation
        • Chapter I: On the Nature of Confirmation
          • Article I: On the Notion and Effect of Confirmation
          • Article II: On the Matter and Form of Confirmation
            • § 1. On the Matter
            • § 2. On the Form of Confirmation
        • Chapter II: On the Minister of Confirmation
        • Chapter III: On the Subject of Confirmation
        • Chapter IV: On the Ceremonies of Confirmation
      • Treatise IV: On the Most Holy Eucharist
        • Dissertation I: On the Most Holy Eucharist Insofar as It Is a Sacrament
          • Chapter I: On the Nature of the Eucharist
            • Article I: On the Notion and Effect of the Eucharist
            • Article II: On the Matter and Form of the Eucharist
              • § 1. On the Matter of the Eucharist
              • § 2. On the Form of the Eucharist
          • Chapter II: On the Minister of the Eucharist
            • Article I: On the Required Power of Order in the Minister
            • Article II: On the Required Jurisdiction
            • Article III: On the Order to Be Observed in the Administration of the Eucharist
              • § 1. On the Manner of Administering Holy Communion
              • § 2. On the Order to Be Observed in Administering Sacred Viaticum
          • Chapter III: On the Subject of the Eucharist
            • Article I: On Those Who Can Receive the Most Holy Eucharist
            • Article II: On the Dispositions Required for Receiving the Most Holy Eucharist
              • § 1. On the Dispositions Required on the Part of the Soul
              • § 2. On the Dispositions on the Part of the Body
            • Article III: On the Obligation of Receiving the Eucharist
              • § 1. On Viaticum
              • § 2. On Paschal Communion
            • Article IV: On Frequent Communion
          • Chapter IV: On Reserving the Sacrament of the Most Holy Eucharist
        • Dissertation II: On the Most Holy Eucharist insofar as It Is a Sacrifice
          • Chapter I: On the Sacrifice of the Most Holy Mass Considered in Itself
            • Article I: On the Notion of the Sacrifice of the Mass
            • Article II: On the Value and Fruit of the Sacrifice of the Mass
            • Article III: On the Application of the Sacrifice of the Mass
          • Chapter II: On the Celebration of the Sacrifice of the Mass
            • Article I: On the Obligation of Celebrating
              • § 1. On the Obligation of Celebrating by Reason of the Priesthood
              • § 2. On the Obligation of Celebrating by Reason of Office
              • § 3. On the Obligation of Celebrating by Reason of Stipend
            • Article II: On the Things to Be Observed in the Celebration of Mass
              • § 1. On the Time and Place of Celebration
              • § 2. On the Things Required for the Celebration of Mass
              • § 3. On The Observance Of The Rubrics
      • Treatise V: On Penance
        • Dissertation I: On The Nature Of The Sacrament Of Penance
          • Chapter I: On The Notion Of Penance
            • Article I: On Penance As It Is A Virtue
            • Article II: On Penance As It Is A Sacrament
          • Chapter II: On The Matter And Form Of The Sacrament Of Penance
            • Article I: On The Matter Of This Sacrament
              • § 1. On The Remote Matter
              • § 2. On The Proximate Matter
            • Article II: On The Form Of The Sacrament Of Penance
        • Dissertation II: On The Subject Of The Sacrament Of Penance
          • Chapter I: On Contrition
            • Article I: On The Sorrow Of The Penitent
              • § 1. On The Contrition Required In The Sacrament
              • § 2. On Perfect And Imperfect Contrition
            • Article II: On Purpose
          • Chapter II: On Confession
            • Article I: On The Necessity Of Confession
            • Article II: On The Conditions Of Confession
              • § 1. On The Material Integrity Of Confession
              • § 2. On Formal Integrity
              • § 3. On The Manner Of Procuring The Integrity Of Confession
            • Article III: On The Repetition Of Confession
              • § 1. On Invalid Confession To Be Repeated
              • § 2. On General Confession
          • Chapter III: On Satisfaction
            • Article I: On The Imposition Of Penance
            • Article II: On The Acceptance And Fulfillment Of Penance
            • Article III: On Satisfaction Through Indulgences
              • § 1. On Indulgences
              • § 2. On The Jubilee
              • § 3. On Indulgences To Be Gained In The Article Of Death
              • § 4. On The Privileged Altar For The Dead
        • Dissertation III: On The Minister Of The Sacrament Of Penance
          • Chapter I: On The Power Of The Minister
            • Article I: On Approbation And Jurisdiction
              • § 1. On The Nature And Necessity Of Approbation
              • § 2. On The Nature And Necessity Of Jurisdiction
            • Article II: On The Acquisition And Loss Of Jurisdiction
              • § 1. On Ordinary Jurisdiction
              • § 2. On Delegated Jurisdiction
              • § 3. On Jurisdiction Supplied By The Church
            • Article III: On The Limitation Of Jurisdiction As Regards Persons
              • § 1. On The Concession Of Jurisdiction With Respect To Regulars
              • § 2. On The Concession Of Jurisdiction With Respect To Nuns
            • Article IV: On The Limitation Of Jurisdiction As Regards Sins
              • § 1. On Reserved Cases
              • § 2. On The Forbidden Absolution Of An Accomplice
          • Chapter II: On The Qualities Of The Minister Of Penance
            • Article I: On The Knowledge Of The Confessor
            • Article II: On The Prudence Of The Confessor
            • Article III: On The Goodness Or Integrity Of Life Of The Confessor
              • § 1. On The Zeal And Charity Of The Confessor
              • § 2. On Denouncing The Crime Of Solicitation
          • Chapter III: On The Office Of The Confessor In Receiving Confession
            • Article I: On The Obligations Of The Confessor In General
              • § 1. On The Obligation Of Hearing Confessions
              • § 2. On The Obligation Of Questioning The Penitent
              • § 3. On The Obligation Of Teaching And Admonishing The Penitent
              • § 4. On The Obligation Of Rightly Disposing The Penitent
              • § 5. On The Obligation Of Giving, Or Denying, Or Deferring Absolution
            • Article II: On The Varied Obligation Of The Confessor Toward Various Penitents
              • § 1. On The Obligation Of The Confessor Toward Penitents Diverse From The State Of Soul
              • § 2. On The Obligation Of The Confessor Toward Diverse Penitents From External Condition
          • Chapter IV: On The Obligations Of The Confessor After Confession Has Been Received
            • Article I: On The Obligation Of Correcting Errors Committed
            • Article II: On The Obligation Of Preserving The Sacramental Seal
              • § 1. Who Are Held To The Seal
              • § 2. What Things Fall Under The Seal
              • § 3. When The Seal Is Not Injured
              • § 4. When The Seal Is Injured
      • Treatise VI: On Extreme Unction
        • Chapter I: On The Nature Of Extreme Unction
          • Article I: On The Notion And Effect Of Extreme Unction
          • Article II: On The Matter And Form Of Extreme Unction
            • § 1. On The Matter Of Extreme Unction
            • § 2. On The Form Of Extreme Unction
        • Chapter II: On The Minister Of Extreme Unction
        • Chapter III: On The Subject Of Extreme Unction
      • Treatise VII: On the Sacrament of Order
        • Chapter I: On The Nature Of Order
          • Article I: On The Notion Of Order
          • Article II: On The Effects Of Order
            • § 1. On The Effects Of Sacred Ordination
            • § 2. On The Power And Offices Of The Individual Orders
          • Article III: On The Matter And Form Of Order
        • Chapter II: On The Minister Of Order
          • Article I: On The Requisites In The Minister That He Ordain Validly
          • Article II: On The Requisites In The Minister That He Ordain Licitly
        • Chapter III: On The Subject Of Order
          • Article I: On The Conditions Which Regard The Soul Of The Ordinand
          • Article II: On The External Conditions Required In The Ordinand
          • Article II: On Those Things Which Regard The Mode Of Ordination
        • Chapter IV: On The Impediments Of Order Or On Irregularities
          • Article I: On Irregularities In General
            • § 1. What Irregularity Is And Of How Many Kinds It Is
            • § 2. What The Effects Of Irregularity Are
            • § 3. How Irregularity Is Incurred
            • § 4. How Irregularity Ceases
          • Article II: On Irregularities In Particular
            • § 1. On Irregularities From Defect
            • § 2. On Irregularity From Delict
      • Treatise VIII: On Matrimony
        • Chapter I: On The Preparation Of Matrimony Or On Betrothals
          • Article I: On The Nature Of Betrothals
          • Article II: On The Effects And On The Obligation Of Betrothals
          • Article III: On The Dissolution Of Betrothals
        • Chapter II: On The Nature Of Matrimony
          • Article I: On The Notion Of Matrimony
          • Article II: On Matter, Form, And Minister
          • Article III: On The Properties Of Matrimony
            • § 1. On The Unity Of Matrimony
            • § 2. On The Perpetuity Of Matrimony, Or On Indissolubility
        • Chapter III: On The Impediments Of Matrimony
          • Article I: On Prohibiting Impediments
          • Article II: On Diriment Impediments
            • § 1. On Diriment Impediments On Account Of Defect Of Valid Consent
            • § 2. On Impediments Diriment Of Matrimony On Account Of The Inability Of The Contracting Parties
            • § 3. On The Diriment Impediment On Account Of Defect Of The Prescribed Form, Or On Clandestinity
        • Chapter IV: On Dispensation From Diriment Impediments Of Matrimony
          • Article I: On The Power Of Dispensing
            • § 1. What The Roman Pontiff Can Do
            • § 2. What The Bishop Can Do
          • Article II: On The Causes Of Legitimate Dispensation
          • Article III: On The Manner Of Obtaining Dispensation
          • Article IV: On The Manner Of Executing Dispensation
        • Chapter V: On The Celebration Of Matrimony
          • Article I: On The Proclamations To Be Sent Before Matrimony
            • § 1. On The Precept And Form Of Proclamations
            • § 2. On Dispensation From Proclamations
            • § 3. On The Revelation Of Impediments
          • Article II: On The Tridentine Form To Be Observed
            • § 1. On The Necessity Of The Tridentine Form
            • § 2. On The Requisites For The Tridentine Form
            • § 3. On The Rite Of Celebrating Matrimony
        • Chapter VI: On The Revalidation Of Invalid Matrimony
          • Article I: On Revalidating Matrimony Invalid On Account Of Defect Of True Consent
          • Article II: On Revalidating Matrimony Invalid On Account Of The Incapacity Of The Parties
            • § 1. On The Revalidation Of Matrimony Through New Consent
            • § 2. On The Revalidation Of Matrimony Through Sanation In The Root
          • Article III: On Revalidating Matrimony Invalid On Account Of Defect Of The Tridentine Form
        • Chapter VII: On The Rights And Duties Of Spouses
          • Article I: On The Conjugal Debt
            • § 1. On The Liceity Of The Conjugal Act
            • § 2. On The Obligation Of The Conjugal Act
            • § 3. On The Sins Of Spouses
          • Article II: On The Cohabitation Of Spouses
            • § 1. On The Obligation Of Cohabiting
            • § 2. On The Legitimate Separation Of Spouses
    • Part IV: On Particular Precepts
      • Treatise I: On The Religious State
        • Chapter I: On The Nature Of The Religious State
        • Chapter II: On Entrance Into Religion
          • Article I: On Those Who Can Enter Religion
          • Article II: On Those Who Are Bound To Enter Religion
          • Article III: On The Novitiate
          • Article IV: On Religious Profession
        • Chapter III: On The Obligations Of Religious
          • Article I: On The Obligation Of Tending To Perfection
          • Article II: On The Obligation Of Observing Vows
            • § 1. On The Vow Of Poverty
            • § 2. On The Vow Of Chastity
            • § 3. On The Vow Of Obedience
          • Article III: On The Obligation Of Observing The Rule
          • Article IV: On The Obligation Of Stability
        • Chapter IV: On The Privileges Of Regulars
          • Article I: On The Privileges Of Regulars In General
          • Article II: On The Privilege Of Exemption
            • § 1. What The Exemption Of Regulars Comprehends
            • § 2. What The Exemption Of Regulars Does Not Comprehend
          • Article III: On The Other Privileges Of Regulars
        • Chapter V: On Religious In A State Of Dispersion
      • Treatise II: On The Clerical State
        • Chapter I: On The Obligations Of Clerics By Reason Of State
          • Article I: On Those Things Which Are Prescribed To Clerics
            • § 1. On Holiness Of Life
            • § 2. On Ecclesiastical Celibacy
            • § 3. On The Canonical Hours
            • § 4. On Wearing The Habit And Tonsure
          • Article II: On Those Things Which Are Prohibited To Clerics
        • Chapter II: On The Obligations Of Clerics By Reason Of Benefice
          • Article I: On The Notion Of Benefices
          • Article II: On The Obligations Of Those Who Confer Benefices
          • Article III: On The Obligations Of Beneficiaries
            • § 1. On The Care And Custody Of The Goods Of The Church
            • § 2. On The Legitimate Use Of The Fruits Or Revenues Of The Church
        • Chapter III: On The Obligations Of Clerics By Reason Of Office
          • Article I: On The Obligations Of Bishops
          • Article II: On The Obligations Of Canons
          • Article III: On The Obligations Of Pastors
            • § 1. On Residence
            • § 2. On Preaching And Instruction
            • § 3. On The Administration Of The Sacrament
            • § 4. On The Obligation Of Praying For The People
            • § 5. On The Care Of The Sick And The Poor
            • § 6. On The Correction Of Sheep
            • § 7. On Solicitude For Promoting Good
      • Treatise III: On The Lay State
        • Chapter I: On The Offices Of Those Who Are Over The Republic
          • Article I: On The Offices Of Those In Whose Hands Is Supreme Power
          • Article II: On The Offices Of Those In Whose Hands Is Legislative Power
          • Article III: On The Offices Of Those In Whose Hands Is Executive Power
        • Chapter II: On The Offices Of Those Who Are Engaged In The Forum
          • Article I: On The Persons Constituting The Judgment
            • § 1. Concerning The Judge
            • § 2. Concerning The Plaintiff And Denouncer
            • § 3. Concerning The Defendant
          • Article II: On Persons Auxiliary In Judgment
            • § 1. Concerning Auxiliaries Of The Litigants
            • § 2. Concerning Auxiliaries Of Judges
        • Chapter III: On The Offices Of Physicians And Pharmacists
    • Appendix I: Various Faculties Which The Holy See Is Accustomed To Concede To Bishops Or Confessors
    • Appendix II: Explanation Of The Sense Of Some Words Which Often Occur In The Responses Of The Holy Roman Congregations
    • Appendix III: Formulae For Requesting Dispensations Or Faculties
    • Index of Works and Authors Alleged in This Work
    • Contents (as printed, Volume II)
    • Alphabetical Index of Matters (as printed)

Chapter — Marc, Institutiones Morales

CHAPTER III: On Duel and War

¶1.

St. Alphonsus, I, 400; ed. G., I, p. 656; H. Ap., VIII, 27; Noldin, II, n. 347; Tanquerey, II, n. 145; Stimmen aus Maria-Laach, 1894, p. 345; Nouv. Rev. Theol., 22, p. 589; Linz. Quart. Schr., 49, p. 556; Berardi, Theol. mor., II, n. 698.

The Commandments of GodDuellingWar

Within this chapter

  • ARTICLE I: On Duel
  • ARTICLE II: On War
← § 2. On the Procuring of AbortionARTICLE I: On Duel →

Under the patronage of St. Alphonsus Liguori, Doctor of the Church

Morals of the Church — a library of classic manuals of Catholic moral theology in English.

Texts presented for study and reference. In whatever touches your own conscience, seek out a confessor and the spiritual guidance of a priest — as the manuals themselves counsel: “If a person has time to resolve his hesitation, he should not trust to common sense, but should consult moral theology, if he is competent to understand and apply it, or should have recourse to his confessor, if he is not a theologian” (McHugh–Callan, n. 656).

Errors & questions