Alphabetical Index of Notable Matters

The number indicates the subdivisions of the articles, not the pages.

Abbot. His power in his own territory, see Bishops.

Abbess: she can annul the vows of her subjects, 735-2; not dispense in vows, 737-3.

Abjection of self, opposed to humility, 1047.

Cattle-lifting, a species of theft, 403-at the end.

Abortion. Malice of the direct procuring of abortion, 363. Licitness of indirect procuring, 363-2.

Absolute contract, 453-D.

Abstinence. Its definition, 947, 948; its act, 948. Act of perfect abstinence: fasting, 948. Precept of abstinence, excusing and exempting causes, see Fasting.

Acceptance: in contracts, 456-3; in a contract of promise, 477; of donation, 481; of testament, 498. Capacity for accepting: donations, 498; an inheritance, 507.

Taking. Unjust taking of another's thing and restitution of another's thing, see Damaging and Theft. Taking of another's thing: in necessity, 410, 411; by occult compensation, 413-416. Acceptance of persons, 616, 617.

Accession, 220-224.

Accessory contract, 453-F.

Accusation, in a criminal cause, 640.

Accuser, in a public trial, 640.

Accused, see Defendant.

Acquisition of dominion or property, 201.

Action: in a public trial, 640; forensic actions forbidden on feast days, 687, 688-c.

Plaintiff in a public trial, 640.

Adjunction, a species of accession, 222.

Adjuration, 759. Deprecative and imperative adjuration, 760. It is an act of the virtue of religion, 761. Its conditions are justice and judgment, not truth, 761, 762. Its effect, 763. Adjuration of a demon, 760.

Mutual aid between spouses, 830-2.

Adoration, 681-683, 709.

Adulation, 889.

Adultery, as a sin: of luxury, 1011; of injustice, 386. Obligation of restitution from adultery, 387, 388.

Advocate, 643. His obligations: as to the cause, 643; toward the client, 644; toward poor clients, 644-3. His right to a stipend, 644-3.

The sick who defer restitution, how they are to be treated by the confessor, 334.

Equiprobabilism, 77-4; milder and stricter, 98. Controversy between it and probabiliorism, 92, and probabilism, 93, 96-98. Historical note concerning it: Appendix-IV-5.

Equity, see Epikeia.

1. We render many thanks to an excellent confrere, Rev. Father Van Langenhove, who with great care kindly composed the alphabetical tables for the whole Summa Theologiae Moralis.

Equivocation, 860.

Aeromancy, 777-1.

Age at which the obligation begins: of observing the law of fasting and abstinence, 965; at which the obligation of observing this law ceases, 965-2, 968-2.

Affability, 888.

Affectation, opposed to modesty, 1059.

Unjust aggressor of the fatherland, see War. Indirect killing of an unjust aggressor, 361. Aggressor against goods of fortune and reputation, 362. Aggressor against chastity, 362, 1010. Insane or drunken aggressor, 361-3-4.

Aleatory contract, 453-A, 593.

Another's sins, see Cooperation.

Alienation of ecclesiastical goods, 524-B.

Support to be furnished: to children, 826-A-2; to a wife, 831; to servants, 829-3. Contract of support, 566.

Alluvion, a mode of acquiring dominion, 224.

Pupils of religious: as to their due obedience, 823.

Ambition, 918-2.

The insane are: capable of dominion, 173; incapable of entering into a contract, 467, 497-3.

Lost things, 202, 216. Obligations of the finder, 216. Prescription of lost things, 216-7, 231.

Mutual love between: parents and children, 824, 825; children and parents, 819, 820.

Amphibology, 860. Its licitness, 860-II, 861.

Immodest embraces, 1027-B.

Amputation, see Mutilation.

Anarchism, 392.

Anatocism, 583.

Souls in purgatory, whether they can pray for themselves or for others, 665. Whether we can pray: to them, 666; for them, 667.

Animals, as object of dominion by occupation, 203. Occupation of animals: wild, 205; tamed, 206; domestic, 207. Sin in killing or vexing animals, 374. Immodest: touch of animals, 1027-A-3; sight, 1027-C-2.

Annulment of contracts: by authority of law, 454, 463; by reason of error, 459; by reason of fraud, 460; by reason of violence, 461; by reason of fear, 462; by reason of the contracting parties, 467-469. Annulment of a testament, 495-3. Annulment of a vow, 734; to whom it belongs, 735. Annulment of an oath, 757.

Antichresis, 608.

Anticipation of the meal, on days of fasting, 959-B.

Antidoral donation, 481-3.

Opening of letters, 853, 856.

Arbiter, or juror, in a criminal cause, 639.

Art, its distinction from prudence, 10-4. Notory art, art of healings, 785-A.

Liberal arts, 686. Their licit exercise on feast days, ibid.

Immodest looks, 1027-C; as local sacrilege, 805-3.

Roughness, or moroseness, of conversation, 889-B.

Insurance, the contract, 594. The insured: obligations, 595-II; rights, 595-III; obligations of the insurer, 595-III; common obligations, 595-I. Frauds in insurance, 595-II-c. Insurance: of workers, 596; of life, 597; of partition in an inheritance matter, 510-2; against eviction, obligation: of the seller, 521-IV; of the lessor, 542-3; of money, in paying the price, obligation of the buyer, 522-III.

Assertory oath, 741.

Assistance in hearing Mass, 701, 702.

Judiciary astrology, 777, 781.

Astuteness, 43.

Ecclesiastical asylum, 805-2. Its sacrilegious violation, ibid.

Attention required: in prayer, 672; in hearing Mass, 702-B.

Increase, see Interest.

Public auction, 528, 529, 530.

Author. His dominion in his own works, 191, 192.

Authority of doctors in judging concerning the probability of some opinion, 102.

Daring, as object of fortitude, 903, 904; as a vice opposed to fortitude, 913.

Augury, 777, 781.

Aulicism, opposed to modesty, 1059.

Auspice, 777.

Austerity, a part of modesty, 1060. Austerities, their prudent use, 370-h.

Avarice, as opposed to liberality, 886.

Avulsion, whose dominion it is, 224.

Bank, bankers, 568-2, 569, 570-3.

The blessed. Their cult of dulia, 838.

Beatitudes. Beatitude 2: Blessed are the meek, 895; 4: Blessed are they who hunger, 931-at the end; 5: Blessed are the merciful, 34.

War, 272. Conditions that war: be licitly undertaken, 273; be licitly waged, 274. What: in doubt about the justice of the cause, 275-3-5; in a manifestly unjust war, 275-6. Obligations: of commanders, 274-A, 275-4-6, 276-3, 4; of soldiers, 274-A-2, 275-5, 6; as to booty, 211. Obligation of rendering military service, 632. To what are held those who fraudulently: avoid military service, 633; desert, 633-d, 275-4.

Ecclesiastical benefice, 622. In the conferral of benefices: acceptance of persons, 622; simony, 808-3.

Recompense for a benefit, object of gratitude, 875, 876.

Benefit of inventory, 507.

Beneficiary. His dominion over beneficial goods, 195, 196.

Bestiality, 1014-2, 1015.

Sacred Bible, see Sacred Scripture.

Bilateral contract, 453-A.

Flattery, opposed to affability, 889.

Goods: objects of right and dominion, 166. Goods: internal, 167, 344; external, 168; of reputation and honor, 169. Distinction of external goods: corporeal and incorporeal, 170-A; movable and immovable, 170-B; consumable and non-consumable, 170-C; fungible and non-fungible, 170-D. Goods which can be matter: of contracts, 464; of prescription, 227.

II. Goods in dominion: of the Church, 199-III, 200-I, 196-3-4; of clerics, 194, 195; of religious, 197. These goods as they can be matter: of contracts, 464-3; of prescription, 227-2, 231-B. Canons concerning their alienation, mutation, sale, 524. Goods in the dominion of the State, 199-I. Goods of the State which are, or are not, matter of contracts, 464-4, or of prescription, 227-3.

III. Goods, in domestic matters, in common dominion, 181-III; in the regime of legal community, 184-A; in the regime of separation of goods, 184-D. Goods in the dominion of the husband, 184-A-D, 185-C. Goods in the dominion of the wife: common, dotal, paraphernal, 181, 186; in the regime of legal community, 184-A, 185; in the regime of exclusive community, 184-C; in the regime of separation of goods, 184-D; in the dotal regime, 184-E. These goods as matter of contracts, 182, 468-III, or of prescription, 228-2-c. Goods in the dominion of a son of the family, 176; which a son acquired by separate labor and industry, 177; or while laboring as his father's associate, 177-2; mandatory, 177-3.

IV. Goods, objects of justice: of legal justice, 267-269; of distributive justice, 618-622.

Common good, object of legal justice, see Legal Justice.

Exchange, and money-changers, 567-570.

Exchange-banker, exchange-agent, 567-570.

Capital, a true cause of production, 401-2-5, 552-B.

Prison. Licitness of the penalty of prison inflicted by legitimate power, 372. What is licit for the defendant as to escape from prison, 641-B.

Cardinals have the privilege of a private oratory, 701-2.

Flesh-meats, which are forbidden on days of abstinence, 961-964.

Chastity, 994-996. Its grades, or distinctions, 998. Opposed vice, or luxury, 1000. Vow of chastity reserved to the Supreme Pontiff, 738.

Casual goods of clerics, 194-196.

Innkeepers giving scandal: by cooperating in the use of forbidden foods, 976-C; in drunkenness, 993.

Causes excusing from servile works on a feast day, 689. Causes exempting from the obligation of hearing Mass, 673. Causes excusing from fasting and abstinence, 966-968; exempting, 970-972. Causes excusing from theft: urgent necessity, 410-412; occult compensation, 413-416. Causes excusing from restitution, see Restitution.

Contract under a cause, 474-2.

Pious cause, as to the validity of an informal testament, 493-4; as to donations under a mode prohibited by civil law, 500.

Cauterized conscience, 117.

Caution, integral part of prudence, 23, 25-3.

Censual contract, 562-565.

Census, contract, 562; its species, 564.

Cessation of the obligation of a vow, 732-740; of the obligation of a promissory oath, 757; of a promise, 479; of a testament, 495; of the obligation of making restitution, 340.

Cession of goods, 338; as to debts to be paid, 341; as to donation, 497-4.

Chiromancy, 777-2-a, 784.

Surgical operation. Its licitness, 369, 370.

Surgeon, see Physician.

Dances, as to dangers and sins, 1062-3.

Foods forbidden: by reason of the law of fasting, 957, 958; by reason of the law of abstinence, 961, 962, 964.

Circumspection, integral part of prudence, 25-2.

Clemency, 1033-1035.

Cleric. Dominion of clerics over temporal goods, 194-196. To them are forbidden: negotiations strictly so called, 539; stock-exchange speculations, 605.

Coaction, see Violence.

Coalescence: of matter in small thefts, 407, 408; of labor, on a feast day, 688-d; of foods: on a fasting day, 974-3; on a day of abstinence, 975-3.

Codicil, in a testament, 487-note.

Blessed cemetery, a sacred place, 805. Acts by which it is polluted, ibid.

Supper, little supper, on days of fasting, 958.

Collation, in dividing an inheritance, 508. Its obligation in conscience, 509. - Collation, on days of fasting, 958.

Collator of an ecclesiastical benefice, his obligations and sins, 622.

Collectivism, 392.

College, see Community.

Libidinous conversations, 1028; as local sacrilege, 805-3.

Colorable title in acquisitive prescription, 229; not in liberative, 235-b.

Commixture, title of dominion, 222.

Commodatum, contract, 572, 573.

Communism, 392.

Community. Dispositions of civil law, among various nations, by which the community of goods in marriage is ruled, 183-190.

Communities, or colleges or societies. Their: capacity of dominion, 198-200; capacity of receiving donations or testaments, 498-6; capacity of entering into contracts, 468-IV.

Commutation: of a vow, 739; conditions required for its commutation, 740-2-3; of a promissory oath, 757. Commutations, as object of justice, see Commutative Justice.

Commutative justice. Its notion, 252. Its difference from the other species of justice: by reason of object, 253-1; by reason of subject, 253-2; by reason of equality, or the mean of virtue, 253-3, 255. Whether it alone is justice strictly so called, 256-2. Its act, see Restitution. Its object, or commutations: involuntary or voluntary, 277. Involuntary commutations, 343: in the spiritual goods of the soul, 344-348; in goods of the body, see Killing, Mutilation; in goods of marriage, see Adultery, Defilement; in exterior goods, see Theft, Rapine; in goods of reputation and honor, see Detraction, Contumely. Voluntary commutations, 448, see Contract.

Commutatory contract (or of certain event), 453-A.

Compensation, as a cause exempting from restitution, 340-3. Compensation for damage from a contract not observed, 472. Occult compensation, 413-416; whether it is licit because of a promise not observed, 480-4. Moral system of compensation, 77-3, 99.

Complacency concerning an evil object, see Delight.

Competence of the judge, 636-A-B.

Composition, made by the Supreme Pontiff, exempting from restitution, 340-4.

Concubinage, 1007.

Concupiscence: of the flesh as object of temperance, 937; of the eyes as pertaining to curiosity, 1056.

Condition. Contract under condition, 473; under a base condition, 465. Donation, testament under an impossible, illicit condition, 499-III; vow under condition, 728.

Conditional contract, 453-D, 473.

Condonation by the creditor, exempting from restitution, 340-2.

Hiring, see Location-conduction.

Confessor's jurisdiction, see Jurisdiction; obligation: to instruct the penitent, 68, 69; to retract errors damaging the penitent, 312-A-B.

Prudence of the confessor: in the use of probable opinions, 107-C; in treating the scrupulous, 130; in exhorting penitents unwilling to restore, 285, 286, 334; in making restitution in place of the penitent, 326-b, 331, 334; in imposing restitution: because of defilement, 385; because of adultery, 388-6-7; in determining the gravity of matter in theft, 405-at the end; in imposing restitution: because of fraud in sale, 518-5-6; because of defrauded taxes, 630-H; in admonishing about the gravity of lying, 862-4; in judging about the sin of drunkenness, 990-2.

Spouses. Their mutual offices of piety, 830; offices of the husband, 831; of the wife, 832. Their mutual offices and rights in the administration of goods, 180-183, 468-III, 469. Prescription not running between spouses, 228-2-b, c. Thefts committed by spouses, 406-2-a. Obligations toward children, see Parents.

Connivance at acts of injustice, see Conspiracy.

Conscience. I. Its definition, 47-1; distinction from synderesis, law, and prudence, 47-2; as rule of human acts, 47-3; its required qualities: rectitude and certitude, 47-4. Conscience is: true, and either invincibly or vincibly erroneous, 57, 62. True conscience as it is the rule of acting, 54, 55. Erroneous conscience as it is the rule of acting: if invincibly erroneous, 57-59; on the contrary, if vincibly, 62-65; signs of a vincibly erroneous conscience, 67. Certain conscience, 71; species of certitude, 75; practical certitude, 79, 80; conscience: doubtful, 71-1, 83; opinative, 71-3, 72-74, 95. Certain conscience alone is the rule of acting rightly, 78-82. Sin of one acting against conscience, 109-111. Conscience uncertain and at the same time erroneous, or: perplexed, 112-115; lax, 116-122; scrupulous, 123-130.

II. Formation of conscience: of a certain conscience, 49; its obligation, 50; means, 51; of a true conscience, 56; of an invincibly erroneous conscience, 60. Reformation of a vincibly erroneous conscience, 66. Formation of a sufficiently certain conscience, 76; various systems of theologians, 77; of a sufficiently certain conscience: in negative doubt, 84-87; in positive doubt, 88; in practically practical doubt, 89; in doubt about the value of an act, 90; in doubt only about the honesty of an act, 92; in doubt about the cessation or fulfillment of a law, 93, 94. Formation of a certain conscience in the state of practical opinion, 96; controversy between probabilism and equiprobabilism and probabiliorism, 96-99; prudent use of these systems, 100-104. Same use in the formation of one's own conscience, 105; education of one's own conscience, 105. Formation of the conscience of others, 68; office of the confessor, 69; mode to be observed, 107.

Consecration. Fast before the consecration of a church, 953-at the end.

Consensual contract, 453-C.

Consent to unjust damaging, 313. Consent in contracts, its qualities and vices, 456-463.

Consenting person, unjust cooperator, 313.

Consignative census, 564.

Counsel, act required for prudence, 13; gift of the Holy Spirit, 32. Counsel toward unjust damaging, 312. Council: of family, for minors, 468-I; judicial, for those interdicted, 468-II.

Associations of workers, 303-I-4, 402-3.

Conspiracy toward damaging, 317. Conspiracy of sellers (monopoly), 534-536; of buyers, 520-I-IV-V; of lessees, 548.

Constancy, 930.

Custom, cause excusing from the obligation: of abstaining from servile works, 689; of hearing Mass, 703; of observing the fast, 958; as cause excusing from simony, 814-C-4; as title for receiving interest, 579.

Counseling person, unjust cooperator, 312.

Wasteful expenditure, or excessive sumptuousness, 922.

Contemplative life, 1069.

Contempt of a precept or of one commanding, 844.

Continence. Its notion and definition, 1029. It is a good habit annexed to temperance, 1030; falling short of the ratio of perfect virtue, 1030.

Contract. I. General distinction, 448. General principle to be attended to in contracts, 449. Definition of contract, 451; elements, 452; divisions, 453; subjection to human law, especially civil law, 454. Consent required for a valid contract, and its: qualities, 456, 457; defects: from error, 458, 459; from fraud, 458, 460; from violence and fear, 461, 462; object or matter, 464; what of a base object, 465, 466; subject: from natural law and from positive law, 467; restrictions, from positive law, as to minors, interdicted persons, wives, moral persons or societies, 468, 469. Obligation of a contract: absolute, 470-472; conditional, 473; qualified or modified, 474; strengthened by oath, 475. Cessation of obligation, 476.

II. Contracts: unilateral: promise, 477-480; donation, 481-489, see Donation; testament, 490-495, see Testament. Bilateral onerous contracts: buying-selling, 511-524, see Buying-Selling; sale through brokers, 525-527; sale under the spear, or auction, 528; resale, 531-533; exchange and negotiation, 537; location-conduction, 540-557, see Location-Conduction; partnership, 558-559; census, 562-566; exchange, 567-570. Bilateral gratuitous contracts: credit, 571; commodatum, 572; mutuum, 574; deposit and sequestration, 584-587; mandate and management of affairs, 588-592. Aleatory contracts, 593: insurance, 594; game, 600; wager, 601; lot or lottery, 602. Stock-exchange speculations, 603-605. Subsidiary contracts, 606: suretyship, 607; pledge, 608; mortgage, 609; transaction, 610.

Contrapassion, in commutative justice, 255-4.

Contumely, 436-439. Tolerance of contumelies, 440. Contumely against God, see Blasphemy.

Convention, 451.

Those living together with religious, see Pupils.

Cooperation: toward injustice, 309, see Cooperator; toward violation of the law of fasting and abstinence, 976; toward drunkenness, 993.

Cooperator (toward injustice), 309. Various cooperators, 311-316. Their obligation: of making restitution, 309; of making restitution in solidum, 317, 319-4; order among cooperators as to restitution, 318. Signs of efficacious cooperation, 319.

Body. Participation of the body in divine worship, 652; in adoration of God, 682.

Corruption of officials: for defrauding taxes, 630-B; for fleeing prison, 641-B-d. Corruption of virginity, 999.

Privileged creditors, 324, 325.

Credit, contract, 571. Its species: commodatum, 572; mutuum, 574.

Public or notorious crime, 430; its licit or illicit manifestation, 430, 431.

Cruelty, 1040.

Cross of Christ, worship owed to it, 653.

Moral or theological fault and juridical fault, 293.

Cult, generically, or dulia, 647, 836. Cult owed to God, or cult of latria, 646, 649-651; internal and external cult, 652; absolute and relative, 653. Supernatural cult of dulia, owed to the Blessed, their images, and relics, 838. Undue cult of the true God, 771, 773.

Modesty of external equipment, virtue annexed to temperance, 1063.

Curatorship, Curator, of minors, 468-B.

Curiosity, 1053, 1054.

Demon. Cult of a demon in idolatry, 776-2; in divination, 777; in magic, 785. His power, 778-note; his probable intervention in the phenomena of spiritism, 780. Adjuration of a demon (exorcism), 760.

The damned: they cannot pray, 665; we cannot pray for them, 667.

Unjust damaging, 288. Damaging: from unjust taking, 289; its conditions so that it induces the obligation of restitution, 290-293; restitution because of damaging: from slight fault, 294; from a cause posited, 296-A; from error, 296-B; doubtful, 296-C. Damaging: from a thing accepted, 298-308, see Possession. Damaging: from cooperation toward damage, see Cooperation.

Damager, see Damaging.

Damage. Damage unjustly inflicted, see Damaging. Emerging damage: as a title for deferring restitution, 336-4; for receiving interest, 578; for increasing or diminishing price, 516.

Debts. Order in paying debts, 324. Causes excusing from paying them, 336-342. Payment of an uncertain debt, 322. Their extinction by prescription, 233. Proportion to be observed in paying debts burdening an inheritance, 510-3.

Decalogue. Its precepts are precepts of justice, 896; their distinction and order, 897. Division of moral theology according to the order of the precepts of the Decalogue, 898-3.

Decency, part of modesty, 1058.

Tithes, 708.

Defects. Licit or illicit manifestation of the defects of neighbor, 429. - Defects of a thing to be sold, and the seller's obligations concerning them, 521-II. See also Vice.

Defrauding: of taxes, 630; of military service to be rendered, 632-634.

The dead. Their right to reputation, 426-C. See also Souls.

Delation, see Denunciation.

Delight, as object of temperance, 937; as a sin of luxury: external, 1003; internal, 1020-1023.

Deliberation, as it is an act required for prudence, 13, 29-1. Deliberation required for the value: of a contract, 456, 458; of a vow, 711-2.

Demonstration. Contract under demonstration, 474-3.

Denunciation of crimes: to be made to public authority, 640; to be made to a superior, 429.

Deposit, contract, 586-588.

Deputies, establishing iniquitous laws by their vote, as to restitution, 313.

Derelict things, 202, 218, 219. Their legitimate occupation, 218.

Deserter: of military service, 632; of battle, 275-4.

Desire of one's own death, licit or illicit, 354. Desire as a sin of internal luxury, 1020-1023.

Detention of another's thing, see Possessor.

Detraction, 423-432. Its difference from contumely, 437. Cooperation toward detraction, 433. Reparation of detraction, 443-446. Detraction of one's own reputation, 432.

God: God's dominion over all created things, 171; over man's life, 350.

Devotion, act of the virtue of religion, 656-659. Devotion toward the saints, 660.

Devil, see Demon.

Journals, see Newspapers.

Lord's day, feast days, 685. Days on which the precept presses: of hearing Mass, 685, 698; of observing ecclesiastical fast, 953; abstinence, 963. Contract for a day, 474-1, 603-B.

Defamation, see Detraction.

Differential contract, 603-B-1.

Delay: of prayer, 677; of fulfilling a vow, 727; of the meal, on days of fasting, 959-A; of restitution, 332-334.

Love: of spouses toward each other, 830-832; of parents toward children, 825; of children toward parents, 820.

Diligence, condition of prudence, 13, 14; in forming a true conscience, 49-52, 66; a certain conscience, 105.

Disciple, see Teacher.

Disjunction. Contract under disjunction, 474-5.

Dispensation: from festive rest, 689; from a vow, 737; from a promissory oath, 757; from fasting and abstinence, 970-972.

Disposable part, in an inheritance matter, 501. Whether it is licit to dispose from it in favor of one child before another, 503-2.

Dissimulation of truth, 860. Its licitness, 860, or illicitness, 861, 862.

Distraction in prayer, 672; in hearing Mass, 700-d, 702-B.

Distribution of goods of the community, see Distributive Justice.

Distributive justice. Its notion, 252, 611. Its distinction from legal and commutative justice by reason of: object, 253-1; subject, 253-2; mean, i.e., equality, 253-3, 255-2. Its act, or judgment, 612, 613, see Judge. Its primary object: goods of the community, 618; offices and charges, 619; institutions for the utility of members, 620; honors, 621. Its secondary object: burdens, 623; tributes and taxes, 624-631, see Taxes; military service, 632, 633. Opposed sin: acceptance of persons, 616, 617. Obligation of restitution from violated distributive justice, 254-c, 295.

Divination, 777, 778. Its species, 781-784.

Divorce. Dispositions of civil law, in the case of divorce, as to goods of the community, 184-3.

Publication of a crime: hidden, 429; notorious, 430, 431.

Docility, integral part of prudence, 24-3.

Fraud, species of false prudence, 43-b; vice of a contract, 457.

Dominion of property, i.e., right in a thing, 158. Full dominion, 159, 160. Semifull dominion: usufruct, 161; use, 162; servitude, 163. Object of dominion, 166: useful dominion in man's internal goods, 167; full dominion in external goods, 168, 169, and in goods of honor and reputation, 169; semifull dominion over the person of a neighbor, 168-3. Subject of dominion, 171-173. Dominion restricted by positive law: of children of the family, 175-179; of wives, 180-185; of authors and inventors, 191-193; of clerics, 194-196; of religious, 197; of moral persons, 198; of the State, 199-I; of private societies, 199-II, 200-3; of the Church, 199-III, 200-1. Acquisition of dominion, 201. Primitive and derivative modes of acquiring, 201. Things apt to be acquired: vacant, 202, 203; derelict, 202-2, 218-219; lost, 202-3, 216, 217. Origin and licitness of private dominion, 396-402. Its adversaries, 391-395, see Socialism.

Master. His offices: of justice toward workers, 551; of piety toward servants, 829-3. His power of suspending the vows of servants, 736. Principles of law: The thing cries out for its owner, The thing fructifies for its owner, The thing perishes for its owner, 160; No injury is done to a master who is unwilling irrationally, 246.

Donation, contract, 481. Donation: between the living, 483; solemn, 484-A, B; manual, 484-C-1; under the species of an onerous contract, 484-C-2; accessory, 484-C-3; by way of gratuitous renunciation, 484-C-4. Conditions of a valid donation, 484; revocation, 485. Donation: informal, its value in conscience, 486; injurious to the right of a third party, 487; in view of death, 488. Those incapable, from civil law: of donating, 497; of receiving, 498. Modes of donating prohibited by law, 499; value of the prohibition in conscience, 500. Donation in favor of a pious cause, 489, 500. Canons of Canon Law concerning donations, 489.

Gift. Gifts of the Holy Spirit: counsel, 34; piety, 895; fortitude, 931.

Dotal goods, 181, 182. Dotal regime, 184-E.

Doubt, 71. Positive, negative doubt, 71, 83. Speculative doubt, speculatively practical doubt, doubt of law and of fact, practically practical doubt, 83-1-3. Removal of doubt, see Conscience I. Principles: In doubt the condition of the possessor is better, 86; In doubtful matters the safer course is to be acted upon, 88-91; A doubtful law does not oblige, 92, 93, Appendix-III.

Duel, 365. Public duel, its licitness, 365. Private duel, its malice, 366, 367. Academic duels, 367-4. Judicial duels, or ordeals, 365-at the end. Canonical penalties upon duelists and their accomplices, 366-A.

Dulia, 836-838.

Hardness, opposed to patience, 926.

Leader, leaders of an army, their obligations in war, 274-276.

Drunkenness, 985-990. Imputability of a sin committed in drunkenness, 991, 992. Cooperation toward drunkenness, 993.

Church, as it is a society. Its dominion over temporal goods, 199, 200.

Church, as it is a temple. Local sacrilege in pollution and violation of a church, 799.

Ectopic fetus, 363.

Education of one's own conscience, 70. Education of children, corporal and spiritual, 826.

Choice. Freedom of children in choosing the state of life, 822-2. Choice of a worthy or worthier candidate, in distributive justice, 619.

Elector, electors, see Choice.

Electuaries, their licit use on days of fasting, 951.

Emancipation of children, 175-3. Capacity of emancipated persons: of contracting, 468-B; of donating, 497-1; of receiving, 498-2.

Embryotomy, 362.

Emphyteusis, 164-2, 544-2.

Buying-selling, contract, 511. It is a consensual contract, 512. Matter: of sale, merchandise, 513; of buying, price, see Price. Justice of the contract in the equality of merchandise and price, 515. Offices of the seller as to: the thing asked, 521; the vices and defects of the thing, 521-II; the handing over of the thing, 521-III; eviction of the thing, 521-IV. Offices of the buyer, 522. Cessation of the contract, 523. Around this contract, dispositions of civil and canon law, 523, 524.

Buyer, his rights and offices, see Buying-selling. Conspiracies of buyers, 519-4, 520-II-V.

Newspapers. Detraction, defamation, through newspapers, 431.

Epikeia, 890. Epikeia broadly and strictly so called, 890. It is directed by gnome, annexed to prudence, 893. Epikeia: as it is natural justice, 890-1; as it pertains to legal justice, or as it is benign interpretation of law, 890-2, 891; as it is a potential part of justice, or as it is moderate use of one's own right, 890-3, 892. Its use: in case of great misfortune, 544, 546-3; toward workers in case of great benefit from industrial things, 554.

Epiky, see Epikeia.

Bishop, as Ordinary. He can: in case of necessity make reduction and composition concerning legacies for pious causes, 493-at the end; annul the non-reserved vows of certain subjects, 735; suspend them, 736; dispense in them, 739; dispense: in the law concerning festive rest, 689-2; from the law of fasting and abstinence, 971. See also: Religious Superior.

Erroneous conscience, see Conscience I.

Error: causing damaging, 296-B; vitiating a contract, 458; invalidating a vow, 707.

Eubulia, 29.

Eutaxia, 1060.

Eutrapelia, 1060.

Eviction, 521-IV. Security against eviction is an obligation: of the seller, 521-IV; of the lessor with respect to the lessee, 542-3. Possibility or impossibility of eviction determining the order of restitution, 230-A.

Eviration, 370-c-f.

Testamentary executor, 494-D.

Exempted persons: children exempt from parental power, 175-c.

Exorcism, 760, 789-4.

Expenses, to which in making restitution there is or is not held: the possessor in good faith, 299-C, 329-1; the possessor in bad faith, 303-C, 329-2. Payment of expenses: in the execution of a testament, 494-D; in the handing over and carrying away of the thing sold, 521-III, 522-II; in the custody: of a thing loaned for use, 573; of a thing deposited, 585, 586; in the execution: of a mandate, 589, 590, 592; of suretyship, 607; of pledge, 608.

Explicit or formal contract, 453-C.

Exsecration of a church, 805.

False speaking, 862-2.

Reputation, 415. Man's strict right to the good of reputation, 169, 426. Injury: of one's own reputation, 432; of the reputation of neighbor, see Detraction. Of injured reputation to be restored: obligation, 444; mode, 445; excusing causes, 446.

Servants. Their offices toward their masters: of justice, 550; of piety, 823-4. Causes on account of which they can be excused: from the observance of feast days, 689-5, 703-4-b; from fasting and abstinence, 967-d, 968-4, 976-B. Their sins: through domestic thefts, 406-d-f, 527-2; through illicit occult compensation, 416-1-2.

Ostentation, opposed to modesty, 1065.

Ferocity, or savagery, 1040.

Feasts of precept, 685. Their observance, see Observance.

Fiction: in a vow, 711-1; in an oath, 743-c; in contracts, 456; in acting, 865, 866; in adornment, 1066-3, 1067.

Fidelity, pertaining to the virtue of truth, 849. Fidelity in a promise, 478.

Fideicommissum, 499-II-2.

Suretyship, 607.

Faith, good, bad, doubtful: in detention of a thing accepted, 298, 302, 307; in prescription, 230, 232, 233. Good faith, condition of a good conscience, 54, 58, 78. Good faith in contracts, 471. Faith of servants: from justice, 550; from piety, 823-4.

Confidence, pertaining to magnanimity, 917-3.

Children. Offices of children toward parents, of piety, 819-823. Their dominion in external goods, 175, 176; in goods acquired by their own labor, 177. Their rights in hereditary succession, 501, 503, 505-A. Their freedom in choosing a state of life, 822-2. Their emancipation, 175-C-3. Their thefts from the goods of parents, 406-b. Their obligations as to: the sanctification of feasts, 689-5, 703-2; the law of fasting and abstinence, 967-d.

Fisc, that is, the public treasury or tax authority, in legal succession, 505-B-2; in receiving taxes, 630, 631; in monopoly, 534, 535.

Mines. Their occupation, 209.

Interest, 576. Its illicit reception by force of the mutuum itself, 577. Its licit reception from extrinsic titles, 578. Its licitness in present-day economic conditions, 579. Its just taxation, 583-B. See also Usury. Nautical interest, 599.

Fetus. Its illicit killing or ejection from the womb of the mother, 363.

Forensic works prohibited on a feast day, 687.

Form of contracts, 453-C. Legal form: in donation, 484, its value in conscience, 486; in testament, 492, 493; in buying-selling, 524; in mortgage, 609.

Formal disobedience, 844.

Fornication, 1006.

Fortitude. Treatise on Fortitude. Division of the Treatise, 901. Fortitude: notion, 899; definition, 900. It is a virtue, 902; a cardinal virtue, 905. Its: material object, primary material and formal object, 903, 906; acts: to sustain and to attack, 904, 907; martyrdom, 908-910; mean, 911; integral and potential parts, 914; precepts, 932. Gift of the Holy Spirit and beatitude annexed to Fortitude, 932. Vices opposed to Fortitude, 912, 913.

Brothers, sisters: as to legal succession, 505-3, 503-III.

Fraud, opposed to prudence, 43-c. Fraud or deceit in damaging, 289, 291; in contracts, 458, 460; in buying-selling, 521; in a contract of partnership, 561; in insurance, 595-II-III, 597-I; in play, 600-C; in stock-exchange speculations, 604-II-III; in taxes, 630; in military service to be rendered, 632-634.

Fructification, a species of accession, 220, 221.

Fruits, in accession, 221. Fruits of a thing to be restored by a possessor: in good faith, 299-B; in bad faith, 303-B.

Small snack, on a fasting day, 958-B.

Flight of the defendant from prison, 641-B.

Theft. Its definition, 403; species, 403; gravity, 404; absolute or relative gravity: by reason of matter, 405; by reason of circumstances, 406; by reason of coalescence, 407. Causes excusing from theft: necessity, 410-412; occult compensation, 413. Restitution of a thing unjustly accepted: conditions, 291-293; obligation, 294, 295; measure: in voluntary or involuntary taking, 296-A; in taking from error, 296-B; in doubtful taking, 296-C; whether restitution can be made from goods of a diverse order, 297. Restitution of a thing unjustly detained, see Possessor. Sacrilegious theft, 805-2, 806. Theft of a profane thing in a sacred place, 403-2-a, 806-5.

Geomancy, 777-1.

Management of affairs, contract, 592.

Gnome, part of prudence, 29-3.

Degree of consanguinity as to the sin of incest, 1012.

Thanksgiving, part of prayer, 675, 878.

Gratitude, 875. Its grades, 879. Cause excusing from simony, 814-C.

Gratuitous contract, 453-B.

Gluttony, as opposed to temperance, 977, 978.

Habitation, a species of use, 162.

Testamentary heirs and legatees, 494. Their rights and offices, 494. Those incapable of receiving an inheritance, 498. Necessary heirs, and the part of the inheritance reserved to them by law, the legitimate portion, 501. Heirs ab intestato, or legal successors: regular, 505-A; irregular, 505-B; excluded, 506. Faculty of accepting an inheritance: simply, 507-A; under benefit of inventory, 507-B; faculty of repudiating, 507-C. Of an inheritance: partition, 508; rescission, 510-1; security, 510-2. Collation of goods, 508; whether it binds conscience, 509. One receiving an inheritance from a possessor of doubtful faith, to what he is held, 307, 308. Restitution to be made to heirs because of homicide, 375.

Haruspicy, 777-1.

Lord or master, see Master.

History of systems for the use of probability, Appendix.

Homicide, 355, see Killing. Homicide: casual, 363-3; sacrilegious, 805. Restitution because of homicide, 375, 376.

Honesty, part of temperance, 944; part of modesty, 1063.

Honor owed to God, object of the virtue of religion, see Cult. Honor owed: to parents, 821; to superiors, 833, 836-838. Honor, a good of man, 417; its injury through contumely, 436; reparation of injury, 447. Honors: object of distributive justice, 621; of the virtue of magnanimity, 915.

Hour of the meal on days of fasting, 956.

Humility, 1041-1047. True magnanimity is not opposed to it, 915-4.

Hydromancy, 777-1.

Hyperdulia, 836-b.

Hypnotism, 347, 348.

Mortgage, 609.

Mortgage census, 560-2-c. Mortgage debts, 324.

Boasting, 867.

Idolatry, 774-776.

Fasting: natural, eucharistic, moral, ecclesiastical, 949. Fasting is an act: of virtue, 950; of the virtue of abstinence, 951. Ecclesiastical fast, 952. Its precept: universal, 952, 953; particular, 953-at the end. Times dedicated to it, 953. Its essential object, i.e., one meal in the day, 954; licit: duration of the meal, 955; hour, 956; delay, 959-A; anticipation, 959-B; inversion, 959-C. Foods forbidden or not forbidden, and likewise drinks: outside the meal, 957; in the collation and small snack, 958. - Of the law of abstinence: object, 961, 964; times, 963. Who are held by the law of fasting and abstinence, 965. Excusing causes, 966: from the law of abstinence, 967; from the law of fasting, 968; a doubtfully excusing cause, 969; an exempting cause, or dispensation, 970-972. Gravity of the obligation, 973: as to fasting, 974; as to abstinence, 975. Cooperation toward violation of the law, 976.

Breakfast or small snack, on days of fasting, 958-B.

Ignorance: vitiating a contract, 458; a vow, 712. Ignorance: excusing from restitution, 336.

Illegitimate children. Their exemption from parental power, 175. Their offices and rights toward parents, 388-5. Their rights as to inheritance, 498-B-4, 501; as to legal succession, 505-A-1. Obligations of the father or mother toward them if they are natural, 384, 385; if adulterine or spurious, 386-388.

Illusion, a species of mockery, 440.

Images of the Blessed: their cult, 838.

Immodesty of attire, 1066, 1067.

Ecclesiastical immunity. Its sacrilegious violation, 804-1-2, 805-2, 806-5. Canonical penalties upon violators, 807-4.

Impatience, 926.

Outlays, see Expenses.

Command, principal act of prudence, 13.

Impiety, or irreligiosity, 790.

Fulfillment of a vow, 724-730.

Implicit or virtual contract, 453-C.

Impotence excusing: from restitution, 336-338; from Mass of precept, 703, 704; from the law of fasting and abstinence, 966-968.

Reproach, 437-3.

Imprudence, 35-38.

Those not yet pubescent, see Minor.

Impudicity, 1024-1026.

Imputability of a damaging action, 290-293.

Inadvertence as it is a vice: of a contract, 458; of a vow, 712.

Vainglory, as opposed to magnanimity, 918-3.

Dryness, 1036.

Incarceration, 372.

Incest, 1012.

Inconsideration, opposed to prudence, 37-b, 38.

Inconstancy, opposed to prudence, 37-c, 38. Inconstancy, or softness, opposed to perseverance, 929.

Incontinence, 1031; it is a lesser sin than intemperance, 1032-1-2; it is baser in concupiscence than in anger, 1032-3.

Objective individualism of right, 154-C.

Industrial fruits and fruits of one's own industry alone, 221. Their restitution by a possessor: in good faith, 299-B; in bad faith, 303-B.

Infant, see Minor.

Infirmity, excusing from hearing Mass, 703; from the law: of abstinence, 967-b; of fasting, 968-1.

The infirm. His obligation as to his own health, 353-4-c.

Informal: contract, 453-C, G, 454; donation, 484; informal testament, 492, 493. Value, in conscience, of an informal contract, 454; donation, 485; testament, 493.

Ingratitude, 878, 879.

Inability: for entering into contracts, 467, 468; for donating, for making a testament, 497.

Injury, actual injustice, 236. Its definition, 237; species, 238; gravity, 239, 244; species by reason of object: illegal or general, and particular concerning distributions and commutations, 241-243. Special acts of injury, 343, see the individual acts enumerated there. Reparation of injury, see Restitution. Principles of law: To one knowing and consenting no injury is done, 245; No injury is done when the master is unwilling irrationally, 246; Unjust intention alone does not constitute injury, 247.

Injustice, as a habit, 236, 240. Its species, 241-243.

Innocent. His direct killing is illicit, 359, 363. His indirect killing can be licit, 360. His condemnation: by the judge, 637; by jurors, 639.

Innominated contract, 453-E.

Disobedience, 844.

Insensibility, opposed to temperance, 941.

Institutes. Their capacity: of contracting, 468-IV; of receiving donations, 498-6-7.

Instruction of children: office of parents, 820-B.

Integral parts of virtues, 22; of prudence, 23-25; of justice, 249-250; of fortitude, 914-B; of temperance, 944.

Understanding, intelligence, integral part of prudence, 23, 24-2.

Intemperance, 942.

Intention required: in prayer, 671; in hearing Mass, 702; in a vow: emitting it, 711; fulfilling it, 724; in an oath, 743, 748-1, 799-1; in a contract, 456-c.

Those civilly interdicted as to contracts, 468-II; as to donations and testament, 497-3, 498-4.

Civil interdictions, as to administration of goods, 468-II; as to the mode of contract, 499. Their value in conscience, 500.

International justice, 256-4.

Internal acts as objects of obedience, 842.

Interposition, in a donation or testament, 499-1.

Interpretation: of a vow, 728-731; of an oath, 748, 758; of a contract, 471.

Interruption of the meal, on a fasting day, 955.

Inversion of meals, on a fasting day, 959-C.

Timidity, opposed to fortitude, 913.

Invalid, see Null.

Inventory, to be made by a usufructuary, 161-c. Benefit of inventory, 507.

Finding, a mode of acquiring dominion, 213. Finding of treasure, 214; of lost things, 216; of derelict things, 218.

Inventor. His dominion in his own work, 192.

Invocation: of saints, 678-5; of souls purifying, 666. - Invocation of a demon, 785.

Anger: as opposed to meekness, 1038; its gravity, 1039.

Irascibility, 1036-1039.

Irony, a species of lie, 868.

Irreligiosity, 790.

Irreverence, see Reverence.

Mockery, 437-2, 440. As it is an act of eutrapelia, 440-at the end.

Annulment of a vow, 734; to whom annulment belongs: direct, 735; indirect, 736; conditions of annulment, 740. Annulment of a vow between spouses, 735-3, 736-2. Annulment of a promissory oath, 757. Annulment: of a contract, 454; of a simoniacal contract, 815.

Judge, 636. His required qualities: jurisdiction, knowledge, integrity, 636-A-C. His offices: in fulfilling his charge, 637; toward an accused whom by private knowledge he has known to be: guilty, 637-3-a; innocent, 637-3-b; toward an accused doubtfully guilty, 637-3-c, 91-C; in applying a manifestly unjust law, 737-3-d; in reparation of injured justice, 636-B-C, 638. Judge of instruction, 640.

Judicial acts prohibited on feast days, 687.

Judgment, as an act of prudence, 13. Judgment, condition of an oath, 751; of adjuration, 761. Rash judgment, 418, 419; its malice, 420; its reparation, 444. Judgment as it is an act of distributive justice, 612, 613; its licitness, 614; opposed sin, i.e., acceptance of persons, 616, 617; public judgment, 615.

Oath. Its definition, 742. Conditions for validity: it is an act of reason presupposing an act of the will, 743; it is invocation of divine testimony, 744, 745. Its licitness, 749. Its conditions that it be licit, 750-754. Its distinctions into: verbal, real, and mixed, 742-2 at the end; contestatory and execratory or imprecatory, 743-at the end; explicit and implicit, 745-at the end; assertory and promissory, 746. It is an act of the virtue of religion, 747. Of a promissory oath: conditions, 756, 754; effects, 755; obligation, 755; it is of lesser obligation than a vow, 755-1; it admits smallness of matter, 755-2. Of an oath: fulfillment, cessation, annulment, 757; interpretation, 758. Custom or habit of swearing, 799-2; whether petition of a vicious oath is licit, 799-3. Political oaths, 874. Oath added to a contract, 758-c-d, 475. Violation of an oath, see Perjury.

Jurors, 639.

Juridical fault, 293; obliging to restitution, 293.

Jurisdiction. Public civil jurisdiction as it is in a judge, 635. Faculty of a confessor: of commuting vows, 739, 740; of dispensing in the law of fasting and abstinence, 971-5. Faculty of a confessor of a mendicant order, of dispensing in non-reserved vows, 737-4.

Right, object of justice. Its notion: objective and subjective right, or passive and active right; normative right, 149. Definition of objective and subjective right, 150. Essence of right, 151, 155. Its foundation: proximate, 152; ultimate, 153. Its species: natural and positive right, 156; political, paternal, dominative, economic right, 157-A; strict and non-strict right, 157-B; right in a thing and right to a thing, 158. Right in a thing, or dominion of property: its species, object, subject, acquisition, see Dominion. Saying: The highest right is the highest injury, 893-2. Errors concerning the nature and foundation of right, 154.

Law of nations, 396-5.

Oath, see Oath.

Justice. Treatise on Justice. Division of the Treatise, 132.

I. Justice, as it is a habit: notion, 134; definition, 135; properties, 136-138; object: material, 139, 140; primary material object, i.e., the just, 139-2; formal quo, i.e., motive, 139-3, 142; mean, i.e., the mean of the thing, 141, 253-3; proper act: to render to each his own, 143; distinction from other virtues, 145; excellence, 146-148.

II. Of justice: subject, 144; object, see Right. Of justice: integral parts, 250-251; subjective parts, see Legal Justice, Commutative Justice, Distributive Justice; potential parts: religion, 645-815; piety, 816-832; observance, 833-848; truth, 849-874; gratitude, 875-880; vindication, 881, 882; liberality, 884-887; affability, 888, 889; equity, or epikeia, 890-893.

III. Gift annexed to justice, i.e., Piety, 894. Precepts of justice, 896-898. Sins opposed to justice, see Injury. Justice, condition of an oath, 753; of adjuration, 761.

Kantism, its doctrine as to the essence of right, 154-C, D.

Labor: as it is a title of dominion, 201; it is not the sole title of dominion, 212, nor of economic value, 401-2. Labor: prohibited on feast days, 686; excusing from simony, 814-C; excusing from fasting, 968-4-6; from abstinence, 967-c. Contract of labor, 549-557, see Location-Conduction.

Latria, 646, see Cult.

Praise of God, act of religion, 764.

Lax conscience, 116, 117. Its signs, 118; causes and effects, 119; remedies, 121, 122. It is not the rule of acting prudently, 120.

Laxism, 77-6. Historical note concerning it, Appendix-IV-2.

Legal premium, or Title of civil law, toward the licitness of interest, 578-5.

Legal justice. Its: notion, 259; subject, 260, 265-1-4; necessity, 262. Its object: the common good, 264; good of the whole society, 265; common good: what things it includes, 267-269; in what it principally consists, 265. Procuration of the common good: through society itself, 263; through the cooperation of individuals, 264; through the rulers of society, 267, 271. Doctrine of the Church concerning procuring the common good, 269, 270. Defense of the common good, see War.

Legatees: universal, by universal title, by particular title: their rights and offices, 494, 508.

Legacy, 490-note 1. Informal legacy for pious causes, 493-4.

Legitimate portion, in an inheritance matter, 501. Its determination by various civil laws, 501; see also Testator.

Legitimation of a child, 175-b.

Legitimate child, 175.

Lenity, 1040.

Law. Principle: A doubtful, or uncertain, law does not oblige, 92.

Liberality, as a virtue, 884, 885; as a title excusing from simony, 814-C.

Liberty, condition of a contract, 456, 461; condition of a vow, 711-3.

Auction, 528, 529.

Gathering wood, 210.

Contention, opposed to affability, 889.

Letters. Illicit opening or reading of letters, 856. Bills of exchange, 567.

Location-conduction, contract, 540. Its species, 540-7. Location of things and its species, 541. Obligations: of the lessor, 542; of the lessee, 543. Leasing of fields and emphyteusis, 544. Location of work, 545; obligations: of the hirer, 546; of the contractor, 547. Conspiracies of lessees, 548. Dispositions concerning location: of civil law, 544, 548-3; of canon law, 544-4. Location of services, or contract of labor, 549; obligations: of workers, 550; of masters, 551, see Wage.

Lock-out, or dismissal of workers, 557.

Sacred place, 805, 1013-2. Acts by which it is polluted, 805, 1013-2. Due place for hearing Mass, 701.

Longanimity, 927.

Lottery, contract, 602.

Ceasing gain, title: for increasing or diminishing price, 516-2; for receiving interest, 578-2; cause excusing from hearing Mass, 703-4.

Game, as a contract, 600; as object of eutrapelia, 1060, 1062.

Luxury, as opposed to chastity, 1000, 1001; its malice, 1002, 1003; its species, 1005. Sins of luxury: according to nature, 1006-1013; against nature, 1014-1019; internal, 1020-1023; imperfect, 1024-1028. Sacrilegious luxury, 804-3, 1013.

Luxury, or ostentation, opposed to modesty, 1065.

Macerations: their prudent use, 353-2.

Magic, 785-B.

Teacher. His obligations: toward disciples, 829; as to the office of teaching in non-Catholic schools, 827. Offices of disciples toward their teachers, 823.

Magnanimity, 915-917.

Magnetism, 347.

Magnificence, 921.

Child of full age, 175.

Malediction against God, against neighbor, 441.

Malefactor. His just: killing, 356, 357; mutilation, 370; beating, 371; incarceration, 372.

Maleficium, 785-B, 789-4.

Commander, unjust cooperator, 311. His obligations toward the damaged person, 311-A; toward the mandatory, 311-B.

Mandate, contract, 588. Obligations of the mandatory, 589; of the mandator, 590.

Meekness, 1033-1035.

Most Holy Mary. Her cult of hyperdulia, 666, 836. Precept of invoking her, 678-5. Her martyrdom, 908-1.

Husband. His obligations and rights in the use of marriage, see Spouses. His offices of piety toward his wife, 831. His power, according to the laws of various nations, in administering family goods, 180-182, 184-190. His power of annulling the vows of his wife, 735; of suspending them, 736.

Martyrdom, 908-910. Martyrdom: baptism of blood, 910.

Marxism, 394-II, 395-3.

Mother. Her offices of piety toward offspring, 825, 826. Her obligations toward offspring born: from defilement, 384-2; from adultery, 388. In direct procuring of abortion, she sins, 363.

Grave or light matter in the sin of theft: of itself, 405; by reason of circumstances, 406; by reason of coalescence, 407. Matter of a contract, 464; see the individual contracts.

Materialism, as to the essence of Right, 154-A.

Matrimonial convention or contract, 184.

Godmother, see Godparents.

Medicines as to ecclesiastical fasting, 957.

Physician. His obligations, 378-381. His restricted capacity, from law, for receiving donations, 498-B-3.

Mean. Necessity of means and necessity of precept, 94-5. - Mean of the thing and mean of reason in the virtues are determined by prudence, 12.

Memory, integral part of prudence, 23, 24.

Lie, 857-859. Licitness of amphibology and of restriction, not mental but real, 860-862. Gravity of false testimony, 863. Species of lie, 864-868. Cases, more frequently occurring, excusable from lying, 869-874. Lie: in public trial, 641-B, 643-C.

Money-table, or bank, 568-2.

Merchants. Frauds to be avoided by them: in buying-selling, see Price; in occult compensation, 416-3.

Markets prohibited on feast days, 687.

Wages, see Wage.

Prostitution, 1007. Whether it is licit for a prostitute to retain the price of prostitution, 465, 466.

Merchandise, matter of sale, 513.

Mesmerism, 347.

Fear, vice: of a vow, 713; of a contract, 461-463. It does not remove the obligation of an oath, 756.

Military service, see War.

Minister of worship. His restricted capacity for receiving donations, 498-B-3.

Minors. I. Minors who by canon law are called infants or little children. These are capable of dominion, 173; not of administration of goods, 467, 468, 498.

II. Minors who by canon law are called those not yet pubescent. These, from completed seven years, are held by the law of hearing Mass, 698; by the law concerning festive rest, 688; by the law of abstinence from forbidden foods, 965.

III. Minors, from each law, who they are, 175-C-2. Their dominion from civil law, 176-178. Their emancipation, 175-C-3. Rights as to administration of goods: of those not yet emancipated, 468-A, 469-IV; of emancipated persons, 468-B, 497-1, 498-A-2. Their goods are not prescriptible, 228-2-b, c.

Mercy. Its distinction from piety, 818-4.

Mixed contract, 453-B.

Moderation of blameless defense, 361, 362.

Modesty: of manners, 1057, 1058; in games, 1060; of external equipment, 1063, 1066-1068; modesty, general virtue annexed to temperance, 946.

Mohatra, contract, 533.

Softness, opposed to perseverance, 929; sin of luxury, 1014-1.

Money, see Pecuniary Money.

Natural monism, 154-A.

Admonition of the penitent, office of the confessor, 69.

Monopoly, 534-536.

Mounts of piety, 580-d-a.

Culpable delay in making restitution, 333; in observing a contract, 472.

The dying. Rules for acting with them: in persuading restitution, 286, 334.

Moroseness, opposed to affability, 889-B.

Death. Whether it is licit to wish death for oneself, 354-2. - Donation in view of death, 488. Dangers of death, material object of fortitude, 903, 906.

Mortifications. Their prudent use, 370-h.

The dead. Their right to reputation, 426-C. Civilly dead persons as to contracts, 468-II, 497-5, 499-5.

Woman. Decent adornment of women, 1066; sins of indecency, 1067, 1068.

Public offices, object of distributive justice, 618, 619.

Gift, in simony, 806-2.

Mutilation, 370; as inducing obligation of restitution, 375-377; mutilation of a malefactor, 370.

Silent person, unjust cooperator, 316.

Mutuum, contract, 574, 575. Licit reception of interest in mutuum, see Interest. Sins in mutuum, see Usury.

Mystic testament, 492-3.

Narcotics. Their licit or illicit use, 989.

Natural children, see Illegitimate Children.

Shipwreck. Things lost by shipwreck are not to be had as derelict, 219.

Necessity of means and precept, 94-5. Necessity excusing: from theft, 410, 411; from restitution to be made, 337; from festive rest, 689; from Mass of precept, 703-1.

Necromancy, 777.

Neglect of external equipment, opposed to modesty, 1064.

Negligence, opposed to prudence, 37-d, 39, 40; opposed to studiosity, 1055; as inducing obligation of restitution, 316, 317, 630.

Negotiation, 538; forbidden to clerics and religious, 539.

Management of affairs, contract, 592.

Nepotism, 622.

Name. Vain usurpation of the divine Name, 767, 768.

Nominated contract, 453-E.

Non-manifesting person, unjust cooperator, 316. His obligation of making restitution, 316, 317.

Non-resisting person, see Non-manifesting Person.

Notoriety of law and notoriety of fact, 430.

Bare contract, 453-G. Bare property, 158.

Null contract, from civil law, 454; by reason of error, 459; by reason of fraud, 460; by reason of violence, 461; by reason of fear, 462; by reason of object, 464; by reason of an added condition, 465; by reason of subject, 467-469. Nullity of a vow, 711, 716-719. Nullity of an oath, 743, 756.

Coins. Superstition to be avoided in their use, 789-2-c.

Fairs, prohibited on feast days, 687; what is the obligation of manifesting defects of merchandise which is sold at fairs, 521-II-B.

Obedience, 839-845, 848-3.

Transcendental objectivism, as an error concerning the essence of right, 154-C.

Oblation, act of the virtue of religion, 705; its obligation, 706, 708; its obligation from ecclesiastical law, 708.

Obligation: of law, see Conscience. Obligation of a vow, see Vow. Obligation of a contract, see Contract. Obligation of a promissory oath, 755-758. Obligation of a precept, see the individual precepts.

Obsecration, part of prayer, 675; species of adjuration, 760-II.

Observance, part of justice, 833-835. - Vain observance, species of superstition, 785-789.

Observation of feasts, 685. Obligation of abstaining from servile works, 686; from forensic works, 687. Extension of the obligation, 688. Excusing causes, 689. Obligation of hearing Mass, see Sacrifice.

Killing of self, direct or indirect, 349; malice of direct killing, 350, 351; canonical penalties upon suicides, 350-3; licitness of indirect killing, 352; illicit temerity in dangers of death, 353. Direct or indirect killing of neighbor, 355; power of legitimate authority to kill malefactors, 356-358. Direct killing of an innocent person, 359; indirect, 360, 364. Killing of an unjust aggressor, 361, 362; of an infant, or embryotomy and abortion, 363; casual killing of neighbor, 363-3; of a tyrant, 364-5.

Occult compensation, 413-416.

Occupation, a mode of acquiring dominion, 203, 212. Occupation: of animals, 204-208; of mines, 209; of woods and herbs, 210; of booty taken in war, 211; of derelict things, 218.

Public offices, object of distributive justice, 619.

Public officials. Their obligation of denouncing crimes, 640; obligation of making restitution because of negative cooperation toward damage, 316; because of fraudulence or negligence in their offices, 630.

Official, or professional, secret, 852-c; its obligation, 854-III. Officious lie, 859.

Office excusing from hearing Mass of precept, 703-4-b.

Holograph testament, 492-B-1.

Omen, species of divination, 777-2-a.

Omission as it is a sin of injustice, 251. Omission of some part in hearing Mass, 700.

Onanism, 1014-4.

Public burdens, object of distributive justice, 623.

Onerous contract, 453-B.

Works prohibited on feast days: servile, 686; forensic, 687. Gravity of the prohibition, 688. Excusing causes, 689. Liberal works, 686.

Workers. Hiring of workers, or contract of labor, see Location-Conduction. Dismissal of workers, or lock-out, 557. Insurance of workers, 596. Their: obligations, 550; rights, 551, see Wage. Their thefts in the workshops of the master, 406-e. When they are excused from the law of abstinence, 968-4, and of fasting, 967-c.

Surgical operations, 370.

Strike, 556.

Craftsmen, see Workers.

Opinion, 71-73. Probable opinion, 72, see Probability. Prudent use of opinions to be observed by the confessor, 107-C.

Oppression of a woman, see Violence.

Work. Location of work, 545.

Oracle, species of divination, 777-1.

Prayer, 661, 662; it is: an act of reason, 663; of religion, 664. Who can pray, 665; whom we can pray to, 666; for whom, 667; what things to ask in praying, 668. Mental and vocal prayer, 669. For vocal prayer there are required: utterance of words, 670; intention, 671; attention, 672; the Lord's Prayer and its excellence, 673. Public and private prayer, 674. Of prayer: parts, 675; necessity, 676, 677, 680; its obligation and extension, 677, 678; effect, 679.

Oratories, as to fulfilling the Sunday precept, 701-2, 704-3.

Ordeals, 365-at the end.

Order: in making restitution, 324, 325; among legal successors, 505.

Organ, its use in church, 766.

Adornment of women, 1066-1068.

Immodest kisses, 1027-B.

Leisure to be avoided does not excuse from the law concerning festive rest, 689-4.

Pact concerning a base thing, as to validity, 465-466. Pact of support, 566. Pact of resale, or repurchase, 531, 532.

Flatterer, unjust cooperator, 312.

Pope, see Pontiff.

Paraphernal goods, 181, 184-E, 185.

Parents. Their offices toward children, 824-828; upon which parent these offices fall in the case of: adultery, 386; defilement, 384-I; defilement not unjust, 384-II. Obligation of parents as to schools to be chosen for children, 827. Their obligations as to damages inflicted by children, 316-7. Power of parents concerning the vows of children, 735, 736; concerning dispensation from fasting and abstinence, 972-3. Their obligation as to the choice of state of life for children, 822-2, 828-b.

Parish priest. Jurisdiction of the parish priest. It includes: the faculty of dispensing in the law: concerning festive rest, 689; concerning hearing Mass, 703-3; concerning fasting and abstinence, 971. - It does not include: power of dispensing in non-reserved vows, 733-5.

Participating person, unjust cooperator, 315.

Partition of inheritance, 508.

Parvificence, opposed to magnificence, 922.

Pasturage, 210.

Father. His offices of piety toward children, 825-828. His rights in the goods of children, 176-178. He can annul or suspend the vows of children, 735, 736. He cannot dispense children from the law of abstinence, 972-3. Obligations of the father toward offspring born from defilement: unjust, 383; not unjust, 384; from adultery, 386, 387; obligation and mode of restitution, 388.

Patience, 923-925.

Fatherland, as object of piety, 816, 835-1.

Patrimonial goods of clerics, 194-196.

Godparents, in the place of parents, offices of piety, 829. - Godparents in a duel, 366-A.

The poor. Their relief is not of commutative justice, 412-2. Obligation of clerics toward them, 195. Necessity excusing them from theft, 410-412. Goods liable to restitution to be distributed to the poor, 323.

Peace, as it is a good of society, 265. Peace to be restored as a cause justifying war, 273-3; conditions of a just peace to be granted, 274-C.

Peculation, 403-at the end.

Money, measure of the value of things, 511, 514; it is of itself unfruitful, 577-2, 581-3. Illicit use, in buying, of false money, 522-III. Money, object of exchange, 567.

Risk of the principal, title for receiving interest, 578-3. Dangers of death, reputation, etc., see Death, Reputation, etc.

Perjury, 795-799.

Exchange, contract, 537.

Perplexed conscience, 113-115.

Perseverance, 928.

Moral person, and its dominion, 198-200. Its capacity: of contracting, 468-IV; of accepting donations and legacies, 498-6-7; or also legal succession, 505-B-2. - Sacred person, as to sacrilege, 804, 1013.

Personal sacrilege, 1013.

Pertinacity, as a vice opposed to perseverance, 929.

Petulance, opposed to modesty, 1059.

Pharisaic conscience, 117-c.

Philotimy, 915-3.

Philtre, maleficium, 785-B.

Photography, a liberal art licit on a feast day, 686.

Physiognomy, species of divination, 777-2-a, 781-at the end.

Piety, part of justice, 816. Its object, 817. Its distinction: from strict justice, 818-1; from legal justice, 818-2. Piety toward God, 818-3. Pious works or works of mercy, 818-4. Offices of piety: of children toward parents, 819: of love and aid, 820; of reverence and honor, 821; of obedience, 822; of disciples toward teachers, 823; of servants toward members of the family, 823-4. - Offices of piety: of parents toward children, 824: love, 825; education, 826, 827; providence, 828; of teachers toward disciples, 829; of masters toward servants, 829-3; mutual between spouses, 830-832. Piety toward the fatherland, 816, 835-1. - Piety, gift of the Holy Spirit, 894.

Pledge, contract, 608.

Fishing, 208.

Plagiarism, a species of theft, 403-at the end.

Penalty. Whether merely juridical fault excuses from penalty, 293. - Capital penalty, 356-358. Contract under penalty, 474-4; conventional penalty, title for receiving interest, 578-4.

Promisor, in a contract, 451-4-5.

Pollution as a sin of luxury, 1016-1018. Nocturnal pollution, 1019. - Pollution of a sacred place, 805, 1013-2.

Roman Pontiff. His power: of dispensing in vows, 737; of granting composition: concerning goods liable to restitution, 340-4; concerning pious legacies, 493-4. Vows reserved to the Supreme Pontiff, 738.

Juridical positivism, 154-B.

Possession, sign of dominion, 164-3. Prescriptive possession, 228. Principle of possession: The condition of the possessor is better, 86, 93 and note.

Possessor of another's thing, 298. Possessor in good faith as to restitution, 299; restitution: if there were several possessors, 300; if the possessor received the thing from a thief, 301. - Possessor in bad faith, 302; as to restitution, 303; restitution: if the thing would equally have perished with the owner, 304; if the thing had various value, 305. - Possessor of doubtful faith, 306; as to restitution in case of doubtful faith: antecedent, 307; subsequent, 308.

Postulation, part of prayer, 675.

Potential parts of virtues, 22; of prudence, 29-30; of justice, 257-258; of fortitude, 916-6; of temperance, 946.

Civil power: legislative, 267-269; coercive, 288.

Drink, as to ecclesiastical fasting, 957.

Precept. As it is object of obedience, 839, 840. Necessity of means and of precept, 94-5.

Precipitation, opposed to prudence, 37-a.

Booty. Occupation of booty in war, 211, 274-3, 276-4.

Apostolic prefect, see Apostolic Vicar.

Religious prelate, see Religious Superior. - Prelate nullius, see Bishop.

Premium contract, or premium market, 603-B-3.

Prescription, 225. Acquisitive prescription (usucaption) and liberative prescription, 225. Acquisitive prescription, mode of acquiring dominion, 226; its conditions: thing apt to be prescribed, 227; prescriptive possession, 228; title of prescription, 229; good faith: moral, juridical, 230; time required, from civil law, 231-A; from canon law, 231-B. - Liberative prescription, 233; its conditions, 235; time required: from civil law, 233-note; from canon law, 234. Whether the bad faith of a predecessor harms a successor, 232.

Prescription exempting from restitution, 340-4.

Presence, for hearing Mass: on the part of the body, 701; on the part of the mind, 702.

Prestige, species of divination, 777-1.

Presumption, as it is opposed to magnanimity, 928. Principles: In doubt one must stand for that for which presumption stands, 86-2-a. A fact is not presumed but must be proved, 86-2-b. In doubt presumption stands for the superior, 91-C-3.

Practice, whether it differs from speculation, 82.

Precarious loan, a species of commodatum, 572-3.

Prayers. Obligation of saying: morning prayers and similar prayers, 678-3; prayers for dispensation from the law of fasting and abstinence, 972-5; see also Prayer.

Price, matter of buying, 514. On what the value of a thing and its price depend, 514. Causes of increase or diminution of price, 514. Legal, common, conventional price, 517. Supreme, lowest, middle price, 517-b. Necessary equality between merchandise and price, 525; extrinsic titles for equality not to be observed, 516. Use of legal, common, conventional price, 517-I-III. Determination of just price, 514, 519-2. Whether special utility of the thing is a title for increasing the price, 518. Injustices concerning just price: on the part of sellers, 514, 519, 520; on the part of buyers, 520. - Just price in the contract of insurance, 595. - Simoniacal price, 808-2.

Ecclesiastical first-fruits, 705.

Principal contract, 453-F.

Princes. Their obligations, 846, 847; 265-271.

Reflex principles of morality, 75, see Conscience I. Principles of law concerning dominion, 160; concerning injustices, 245-247.

Privation of a hoped-for good, as it is the effect of a damaging action, 291-c, d.

Privilege of creditors, or privileged creditors, 324. Privilege of forum and of canon, 804-1-2.

Probabiliorism, probabilism, equiprobabilism, 77. Controversy among the three systems, 92, 93, 97, 98. Historical note concerning them, Appendix.

Probability, probable, 72, 73. Grades of probability, 74. Highest probability, or certitude broadly so called, 75-B. Use of probability: theoretical, 95-98; practical, 100-104.

Procurator: in an oath which the canons demand or permit, 748-2.

Prodigality, opposed: to liberality, 887; to magnificence, wasteful expenditure, 922.

Profusion, opposed to magnificence, 922.

Offspring, see Children.

Promise, in a vow, 706. Promise, contract, 477-480. Obligation of reparation from defilement under promise of marriage, 383, 384.

Property, see Dominion.

Providence, part of prudence, 25-1; office of parents toward children, 828.

Broker, 525-527.

Prudence. Treatise on Prudence. Division of the Treatise, 6.

Definition of prudence: natural, 3; supernatural, 4. Of prudence: necessity, 5; subject: practical reason, 7-9, using cogitative power, 10; material object, primary material and formal object, 11, 8-3; object in order to the other virtues: it does not pre-establish the end for them, 12-1; determines the mean of reason, 12-2; orders to the end, 10-2; acts, 13, 14.

Prudence is: a virtue, 15; a special virtue, 16; an intellectual virtue, 17; a moral virtue, 11-3. Its species, 10-2, 18, 27. Its cause, 20. Its parts: integral, 23-26; subjective, 27, 28; potential, 29-31. Its loss, 21. Subject of supernatural prudence, 19; its distinction from natural prudence, 20. - Annexed gift of the Holy Spirit: Counsel, 32-34. - Sins opposed to prudence: imprudence, 36-40; false prudence, 41-45. Formation of a prudent conscience, see Conscience.

Public testament, 492-B-2.

Pudicity, 997.

Boy, girl, see Minors II.

Pupil, and his tutelage, 468-A.

Pure contract, 453-D.

Pusillanimity, opposed to magnanimity, 920.

Pyromancy, species of divination, 777-1.

Pythonism, species of divination, 777-1.

Lent, time dedicated to fasting and abstinence, 953, 963.

Qualified contract, 453-D. Qualified theft, 403-4-2.

Quasi-contract, 453-C-note.

Rapine, 403-4-2.

Rape, species of luxury, 1009; what is licit for an oppressed woman, 362-2-3, 1010.

Reason, part of prudence, 24-5.

Rationalism, as an error against the essence of right, 154-C.

Real contract, 453-C-b.

Re-exchange, 570.

Receiver, unjust cooperator, 314.

Recompense of a benefit, 876.

Recourse, unjust cooperation, 314.

Redemption. Pact of redemption, or resale, 531.

Redhibitory vices, 521-II-A.

Repurchase, 532.

Meal, on days of fasting, 954-956.

Little refection (collation, small snack), 958-960.

Reflex: principles, certitude, 75. Use of a reflex principle, see Conscience I.

Matrimonial regimes according to civil law among various nations, 184-190.

Regulars, see Religious.

Relation, contract, 603-B-2.

Religion, as a virtue. Its: notion, 645; definition, 646. It is a moral virtue, 647. Its material object, primary material and formal object, 647, 648-2. Its mean, 648-4. Its distinction from strict justice, 648-3; from other virtues, 648-6-9. Its excellence, 648-10. Its object, 649-654, see Cult. Its acts, 655. Sins opposed to it, 769.

Religious. All religious. Their dominion over temporal goods, 197, 342, 346-4, 406-c. Negotiation forbidden to them, 539, 605-3. Canons of the Church concerning donations to be made or received by them, 489; concerning alienation of goods, 524-B. Military service forbidden to them, 276-2.

Regular religious: they are incapable of dominion, 197. See also Religious Superior.

Relics of servants of God, and their cult, 838.

Remuneratory donation, 481-3.

Reparation: of reputation, 444, 445; of honor, 447; of damage, see Restitution.

Thing, as they are: object of dominion, 166; object of dominion to be acquired: vacant, derelict, lost things, 201, 202. Occupation of a vacant or derelict thing, see Occupation; finding of a lost thing, 216. Prescriptible and non-prescriptible things, 227. Things which can be objects of contracts, 461. Principles of law: The thing cries out for its owner, fructifies for its owner, perishes for its owner, no one ought to be enriched from another's thing, 160. - Sacred things are not apt to be objects of an onerous contract, 464-3, 513, 808-3; nor are they absolutely prescriptible, 227-2-b. Their violation through sacrilege, 806, 807, 1013-3; through divinatory use, 789. Spiritual thing or thing annexed to the spiritual in simony, 808.

Rescindable contract, 454-3.

Rescission: of a contract, 476; of a testament, 495-3; of partition, in an inheritance matter, 510-1.

Legal reservation of goods of an inheritance, 501. Its obligation in conscience, 502.

Restitution. Its: definition, 278; relation: to commutative justice, 254, 279; to legal and distributive justice, 254, 295. Its necessity, 282. Its precept, 284. From what its obligation arises, 288: unjust taking, 289; detention, 298; both together, 302; cooperation, 309. See the individual entries. Restitution: to whom it is owed, 320-323; in what order, 324, 325; in what mode, 326, 327; in what place, 329; at what time, 332; whether it can be made from goods of a diverse order, 297. Causes excusing from restitution: for a time, 335-339; in perpetuity, 340-342. Restitution: of damage in spiritual goods, 344-348, 376-II; of damage inflicted by homicide and wounding, 375-377; of damage inflicted by defilement, 383-385; by adultery, 386-388. Restitution of reputation, 444-446; of honor, 447. Restitution: because of a contract entered by one incapable, 468-IV; because of usury, 583-B-5; because of fraud in insurance, 595; because of goods of the community unjustly conferred, 622-B; because of taxes unjustly defrauded, 630; because of military service fraudulently avoided, 633; because of an unjust judicial sentence, 638; because of false testimony, 642, 863; because of simony, 815.

Mental and real restriction, 860-862, 869-874.

Retrotraction: effect of a declaratory sentence of a civil invalidating law, 454-4.

Resale, 531-533.

Defendant, his obligations and permissions, 641.

Revelation of a secret, of itself illicit, 853; just causes of revealing, 855.

Reverence, first motive and end of honor, 435. Reverence owed: to God, 649; to the saints, 836; to sacred things, 653; to parents, 821; to princes and superiors, 848; to teachers, 823-3; to masters, 823-4.

Revocable contract, 454-3.

Revocation: of donation, 485; of testament, 495-1.

Rigorism, 77-1. Historical note concerning it, Appendix-IV-3.

Rusticity of manners, opposed to modesty, 1059.

Sacramentals. Their use, 789.

Sacrifice. I. Its name and notion, 692. Definition of sacrifice strictly so called, 694; it is of natural law, 693. Essence of sacrifice: external oblation, made to God, of a sensible thing, signifying the internal oblation of the soul to God, 694. - Diverse species of sacrifice, 695. Twofold sacrifice of the New Law, 696, 697.

II. Precept of assisting at the sacrifice of Mass, 698, 699; obligation and extension of the precept, 700; required for fulfilling the precept: on the part of the body, 701; on the part of the mind, 702; causes excusing from the obligation, 703, 704.

Sacrilege, 800. It is a sin against religion, 801; its species, 802; its malice, 803. How sacrilege is committed: personal, 804; local, 805; real, 806, 807; carnal, 1013. Penalties against sacrilegious persons, 806-4.

Savagery, opposed to clemency, 1040.

Sagacity, integral part of prudence, 24-4.

Wage. Concerning a just wage, doctrine: of liberal economists, 552-A; of socialists, 552-B; of Catholics, 552-C. Controversy concerning a family wage, 553-555.

Saints. Their cult, 836-838, 660. Their invocation, 666. Vows in their honor, 710-2.

Sanctity, 654-3.

Human wisdom, or prudence, 10-3.

Satisfaction: for injured honor, 447; for injured reputation, 445. Unsuitable satisfaction sought by duel, 366-B-c.

Historical school of Right, 154-D.

Catholic and non-Catholic schools, 827. Obligation of parents to choose a Catholic school for children, 827; likewise, obligations of a Catholic teacher as to the office of teaching in a non-Catholic school, 827.

Knowledge required in a physician, 379; in a judge, 636-B.

Sacred Scripture. Its use in an oath, 745; abuse in sacrilege, 806-4.

Scruple, 123. Of scruples: nature and signs, 124; causes and effects, 126. - Scrupulous conscience, 123; it is not the rule of acting, 128; its prudent treatment by a confessor, 127, 129, 130.

Scurrility, opposed to modesty, 1061.

Secret, and its species, 852. Obligation of preserving a secret, 853, 854; just causes of manifesting a secret, 855; secret of letters, 856. Limits within which it is licit to use restriction for preserving a secret, 860-862, 871, 872.

Security of soul, pertaining to magnanimity, 917-3-b. Security: against eviction, in sale, 521-IV; of money, in buying, 522-III.

Sedition, 272-c.

Half-insane, half-witted persons: as to contracts, 468-II.

Senators, consenting unjustly, as to reparation of damage, 313.

Old persons: as to abstinence, 967; fasting, 968.

Separation, see Divorce. Regime of separation of goods, 184-D.

Ecclesiastical burial: its sale is simony, 813-4. - A cemetery is polluted by burial of an excommunicated person or infidel, 805.

Sequestration, 587.

Servitude: personal, 168-3 and note; real servitude, imperfect dominion, 163, 164.

Signs of conscience: vincibly erroneous, 67; lax, 118; scrupulous, 124.

Simony, 808. Its: species, 809; malice, 810, 811; object, 808, 812; conditions, 814; titles excusing from simony, 814-C. - Simony of ecclesiastical law, 809-2, 813. Penalties upon simoniacs, 815.

Simplicity, part of truth, 849; part of modesty, 1065.

Simulation, species of lie, 865.

Sobriety, 981-984.

Social justice, 256-2.

Socialism, 392; its: forms, 392; causes, 393; history, 394. - State socialism, 395-1; agrarian socialism, 395-2; collectivism or Marxism, 394-II, 395-3; syndicalism, 395-4. - Socialist doctrines are refuted: from the legitimacy and moral necessity of private dominion, 396, whose legitimacy is acknowledged both by Sacred Scripture, 397-A, and by the tradition of the Church, 397-B, and whose legitimacy together with necessity reason also demonstrates, 397-C, and greater adaptation to present-day necessities, 398; they are refuted from their inconveniences, 400-6-8; the objections of socialists are refuted, 401. Shoals to be avoided as to dominion: individualism and collectivism, 399. Remedies against socialism, 402.

Partnership, contract, 558-561.

Perfect society is that which is ordered to the perfect common good, 265. Twofold perfect society: the civil State and the Church, and the object of each, 265. In each society there exists legal justice, 265. Defect in the regime of a perfect society, 266. - Society: of humanity, 265-2; of Nations, 256-4, 265-2, 276.

Public and private societies, as to dominion, 198-200. - Societies not legally recognized, as to donations, 498-6.

Sodomy, 1014, 1015.

Solemn contract, 453-C. Solemn or public testament, 492-B-2.

Solicitude, integral part of prudence, 24-4.

In solidum. Obligation of restitution in solidum, 317.

Solicitude, necessary for prudence, 13, 14. Excessive solicitude, 44. - Solicitude in forming conscience: right, 49, 50, and certain, 105.

Dream. Divination of dreams, 782.

Sisters, as to charity and justice, see Brothers.

Principal. Risk of principal, excusing from usury, 578-3.

Sortilege, 777, 783.

Drawing lots, or lottery, contract, 602.

Specification, species of accession, 222.

Hope, as object of magnanimity, 915, and of humility, 1042.

Spiritism, 779, 780.

Wager, contract, 601.

Spurious child, 175-1; as to hereditary succession, 501-1.

State, or perfect society, 265, 263. Its proximate end, i.e., temporal happiness of the whole society, 265. Happiness of the State, or the common good, in what it consists and how it is obtained, see Legal Justice. The State is guardian of the just, 268-2, 269-5. Just intervention of the State for procuring, in present-day necessities, the common good, 269; especially: as to private property, 396-4, 399-B, 402-2; as to the contract of labor, 555; limits of this intervention, 270. - Obligations of the State in defense of the common good, see War. Obligations of the State prescind from the particular form under which the State subsists, 271. - Dominion of the State, public and private, 199-I, 200. - The State as to marriage. It cannot absolutely and perpetually prohibit from marriage or impose sterilization, 370-e.

State of grace: not required for the efficacy of prayer, 679-4.

Sterilization, 370-c-f.

Stipulator, in a contract, 451-4-5.

Studiosity, 1052.

Stupor, or insensibility, 941.

Defilement, 1002. Restitution of damage inflicted through defilement, 383-385.

Subject, 846; his special offices, 848. - In doubt, a subject is held to obey the superior, 91-C-3.

Auction, 528, 529.

Subjective parts of virtues, 22; of prudence, 27; of justice, 252-253; of temperance, 945.

Mocking, 437-2.

Subsidiary contract, 453-F.

Substitution, in donation, in testament, 499-II; in favor of a pious cause, 500.

Legal succession, 504. Order of succession, 505. Those excluded from succession, 506. Option of accepting or repudiating succession, 507. Acceptance under benefit of inventory, 507. Partition of inheritance and collation of goods, 508; obligation of collation in conscience, 509; rescission and security of partition, 510. Proportion to be observed in payment of debts, 510-3. - Testamentary succession, see Testament.

Vote, as unjust cooperation, 313. Obligation of repairing damages from an iniquitous vote, 313.

Suicide, see Killing of Self.

Sumptuousness, or wasteful expenditure, opposed to magnificence, 922.

Expenses, object of magnificence, 921, see Expenses.

Pride, as opposed to humility, 1048-1051.

Surface. Right of surface, 164-2.

Superior: how he can use probability, 107-B; how he ought to repair damages inflicted by subjects, 316-7; impede the detraction of subjects, 433-3. - Civil, ecclesiastical superior, 846. - Special offices of a civil superior, 847.

Religious superior. Superiors to whom there belongs, by common law: power of dispensing from observance of feasts, 689-2; from fasting and abstinence, 971-4; power concerning the vows of subjects: of annulling them, 735-2; suspending them, 736-3; dispensing in them, 737-3.

Superioresses have power of annulling the vows of their subjects, 735-2.

Superstition, 770.

Suspension: of a vow, 734, 736; of prescription, 228-b.

Suspicion, as it is a state of mind, 71-2. - Rash suspicion, 421.

Support owed: to a wife, 182, 831; to children, 826; to illegitimate children, 384-1-2, II-2, 388; to ministers of the Church, 708.

Whispering, 434.

Synallagmatic contract, 453-A.

Synderesis. Its distinction from conscience, 47-2.

Synesis, 29-2.

Moral systems for forming a sufficiently certain conscience while doubt stands, 77. Historical note concerning them, Appendix.

Rotating tables, 780-5.

Immodest touches, 1027-A.

Taxation: of interest in mutuum, 583-B; of taxes, 629.

Temerity, opposed to prudence, 37-1-a; opposed to fortitude, 913-2.

Temperance. Treatise on Temperance. Division of the Treatise, 935.

Notion and definition of temperance, 933, 934; temperance is a virtue, 936; a cardinal virtue, 939. Its object, 937. General rules of temperance, 938. Opposed vices, 941, 942. Its parts: integral, 944; subjective, 945; potential, 946.

Time is not, of itself, object of sacrilege, 807-2. Time required: for acquisitive prescription, 228, 231; for liberative prescription: from civil law, 233; from canon law, 234. Times dedicated: to fasting, 953; to abstinence, 963.

Temptation of God, opposed to religion, 791-794.

Testament, 490. Origin of the right of making a testament, 491. Conditions, from civil law, for the value: of a testament in extraordinary form, 492-A; of a holograph testament, 492-B; of a public or solemn testament, 492-B-2; of a mystic or secret testament, 492-B-3. Value of an informal testament: for profane causes, 493-1-3; for pious causes, 493-4. Rights and burdens of legatees, 494. Cessation of a testament, 495. Those incapable, from civil law, through testament: of donating, 497; of receiving, 498. Modes of testating prohibited by law, 499; obligation of this prohibition in conscience, 500. Legal reservation, or legitimate part, 501; obligation of reservation, 502. See Succession.

Testator, whether he can injure the legitimate portion in favor of a pious cause, 503-1; in favor of one child before another, 503-II. His obligations toward certain non-necessary heirs, 503-III.

False testimony and its malice, 863.

Witness, in a public trial, and his obligations, 642. False witness, and his obligations, 863. What is licit for a witness before a judge as to amphibology and restriction, 872.

Theological fault, 293.

Treasure, 214, 215.

Timidity, opposed to fortitude, 912.

Timorous conscience, 112.

Titles: of acquiring dominion, 201; of prescription, 229; of legitimate interest, 578; excusing from simony, 814-C.

Transmarine exchange, 568.

Transaction, contract, 610.

Transgression of a precept, as opposed to justice, 251; as opposed to obedience, 251, 844.

Tributes, or taxes, 624. Conditions of a just tax, 625, 631-3; its obligation in conscience, 626, 627; obligation of a doubtfully just tax, 631-1; taxes improperly so called and their obligation, 631-4. Whether a law imposing taxes is merely penal, 627, 628. Modes of imposing, assessing, exacting taxes, and how they oblige, 629, 631-5. Restitution because of defrauded taxes, 630, 631-2. - Tributes or subsidies owed to ministers of the Church, 708.

Triple contract, 580-c.

Trust, or private monopoly, 534-2.

Base speech, 1028.

Base contract, as to validity, 465.

Defense. Moderation of blameless defense, 361. - Tutelage of minors, 468-A.

Tutiorism, 77. Historical note concerning it, Appendix-IV.

Safer, safe, less safe, 74-b. The safer course is to be taken: in practically practical doubts, 89; in doubt about the validity of an act to be placed from necessity of means to the end, 90. The safer course is to be taken: from the law of charity, 91-A; from the law of religion, 91-B; from the law of justice, 91-C. Whether the safer course is to be taken only in those things which are toward another, 94-6.

Tutor: of minors, 468-A; of interdicted persons, 468-B; he cannot prescribe against them, 228; he cannot receive donations from a minor, 498-B. When parents are lacking, he is held concerning the education of children, 829. He can annul the vows of minors, 735.

Tyrant, whether it is licit to kill him, 364-5.

Unilateral contract, 453-A.

Usucaption, or acquisitive prescription, 225, see Prescription.

Usufructuary, his rights and obligations, 161.

Usury, 576. Injustice in receiving interest from an intrinsic title, or by force of mutuum, 577. Justice of interest received from an extraneous title, not by force of mutuum, 578, 579. Various modes proposed for justifying moderate interest, 581. Evolution of moral doctrine concerning mutuum and usury, 582. Obligation of Charity in mutuum, 583-A. Taxation of just interest, 583-B.

Vain usurpation of the divine Name, 767, 768. Usurpation of ecclesiastical goods is sacrilege, 806-5.

Use of probable opinions, 100, 101, 107, 108. - Use, species of dominion, 162.

Wife. Her offices and rights as to dominion of goods, 180-182. Dispositions of civil law as to dominion of wives, 183-190. Wife's rights: as to contracts, 468-III, 469; as to donations, 497-2, 498-3; as to legal succession, 505-B. Her domestic thefts, 406-a. Her offices of piety: toward her husband, 832; toward children, 825, 826. Her vows, 735, 736; obligation as to the law of fasting and abstinence, 967-d, 976-A. Her debts in case of adultery, 386-388. Her cooperation: toward injury of the law of abstinence, 976-A, C-3.

Vacant things, 202.

Validity of contract, vow, oath, see Contract, Vow, Oath.

Value of a thing, usual or venal value, causes of diverse value, etc., see Price.

Vainglory, 918-3. Vain observance, 785-789. Vain usurpation of the Name of God, 767, 768.

Sacred vessels and accessories, in Mass, their sacrilegious abuse, 806.

Vasectomy, 370-c-f.

Taxes, see Tributes.

Hunting, as it is occupation, 205-208. Its licit or illicit exercise on feast days, 686.

Sale, see Buying-Selling. Sale: through brokers, 525-527; under the spear, 528, 529, 530.

Seller, see Buying-Selling. - Conspiracies of sellers, 520.

Sorcery, as vain observance, 785-B.

Venereal delight, 1000-1003.

Veracity, see Truth.

Beating, 371.

Shamefastness, 944.

Truth, veracity: as it is a virtue, 849-851; as it is a condition of an oath, 752.

Craftiness, or astuteness, false prudence, 43.

Clothes, as they are: object of modesty, 1063-1066; danger of chastity, 1067.

Clothed contract, 453-G.

Redemption from unjust vexations, excusing from simony, 814-C.

Apostolic vicar: as to jurisdiction in each forum, see Bishop.

Capitular vicar: as to ordinary jurisdiction in each forum, see Bishop.

Vindication, as it is an act, 881; as it is a special virtue, 882; its subject and its relation to justice and to the species of justice, 882-1 at the end, 256; vices opposed to it, 883.

Vindictive justice, 256-1.

Vengeance, 881.

Wine. Use of wine or of another intoxicating drink as to the virtue of sobriety, 983.

Violation of a sacred person, 804; of a sacred place, 805; of a sacred thing, 806; of ecclesiastical immunity, 804, 805; of a secret, 852, 853; of fasting, 974; of abstinence, 973, 975.

Violence: inflicted upon a virgin, or defilement, 1008; inflicted upon any person, or rape, 1009. To what an oppressed person is held, 1010; whether it is licit for her: to kill the invader, 362-2; to prefer death to her violation, 352-2.