Analytical Index (as printed)

Prologue ................................................................ p. 7

Special Moral Theology: On the Moral Virtues

General Introduction ........................................................ 9

Treatise: On the Cardinal Virtue of Prudence and on the Annexed Virtues

Introduction ............................................................... 11

First Part. On Prudence Itself

Question One. On Prudence According to Itself

Art. I. On the Subject of Prudence .............................................. 15

Art. II. On the Object and Act of Prudence ...................................... 17

Art. III. On the Habit and Cause of Prudence ................................... 21

Question Two. On the Parts of Prudence ...................................... 24

Art. I. On the Integral Parts .................................................. 25

Art. II. On the Subjective Parts ................................................ 28

Art. III. On the Potential Parts ................................................ 29

Art. IV. On the Gift of Counsel ................................................. 31

Question Three. On the Sins Opposed to Prudence ............................. 33

Art. I. On Imprudence .......................................................... 33

Art. II. On False Prudence ..................................................... 37

Second Part. On the Virtues Annexed to Prudence, Considered in the Formation of Conscience

Chapter I. On the Formation of Right Conscience for Removing Error

Question One. On the Obligation and Means of Carefully Forming a Right Conscience ................................................................ 45

Question Two. On the Species of Conscience on the Part of Object or Rectitude .................................................................... 43

Art. I. On True Conscience ..................................................... 45

Art. II. On Invincibly Erroneous Conscience ..................................... 47

Art. III. On Vincibly Erroneous Conscience ...................................... 57

Question Three. On the Practical Formation of a Right Conscience ............ 59

Chapter II. On the Formation of Certain Conscience for Removing Uncertainty .................................................................... 62

Question One. On the Obligation and Means of Forming a Sufficiently Certain Conscience ................................................................. 72

Question Two. On the Species of Conscience on the Part of Subject or Certitude .................................................................... 78

Art. I. On Negatively Doubtful Conscience ....................................... 80

Art. II. On Positively Doubtful Conscience ...................................... 82

Art. III. On Opinative or Probable Conscience ................................... 95

Art. IV. On the Right and Prudent Use of Probable Opinions ..................... 105

Question Three. On the Practical Formation of Certain Conscience ............ 113

Question Four. On the Sin of One Acting against Conscience ................. 119

Chapter III. On the Formation of Right and Certain Conscience in the Case of Uncertainty and Error at the Same Time

Single Question. On the Species of Conscience on the Part of Object and Subject at the Same Time .................................................. 122

Art. I. On Perplexed Conscience ................................................ 123

Art. II. On Lax Conscience ..................................................... 124

Art. III. On Narrow and Scrupulous Conscience .................................. 129

Treatise: On the Cardinal Virtue of Justice and on the Annexed Virtues

Introduction .............................................................. 141

First Part. On Justice in General

Chapter I. On Justice Itself According to Itself

Question One. On the Notion and Definition of Justice ...................... 144

Question Two. On the Object of Justice and on Its Distinction from Other Virtues .................................................................. 148

Question Three. On the Excellence of Justice ............................... 153

Chapter II. On Right

Question One. On Right in General .......................................... 155

Question Two. On the Species of Right ...................................... 163

Question Three. On the Object of Right and Dominion ........................ 165

Question Four. On the Subject of Right and Dominion ........................ 180

Art. I. On the Dominion of Children of the Family .............................. 182

Art. II. On the Dominion of Wives .............................................. 187

Art. III. On the Dominion of Authors and Inventors ............................. 201

Art. IV. On the Dominion of Clerics ............................................ 202

Art. V. On the Dominion of Religious ........................................... 205

Art. VI. On the Dominion of Moral Persons ...................................... 206

Question Five. On the Acquisition of Right and Dominion .................... 208

Art. I. On Occupation .......................................................... 210

Art. II. On Finding ............................................................ 219

Art. III. On Accession ......................................................... 224

Art. IV. On Prescription ....................................................... 229

Chapter III. On Injustice or Injury in General

Question One. On Injustice Itself in Itself ................................ 242

Question Two. On the Species of Injustice .................................. 245

Question Three. On the General Principles of Right by Which Injury Is Discerned .................................................................. 247

Chapter IV. On the Division of Justice ..................................... 250

Question One. On the Integral Parts ........................................ 251

Question Two. On the Subjective Parts ...................................... 253

Question Three. On the Potential Parts ..................................... 259

Second Part. On Legal Justice

Question One. On the Common Good to Be Pursued ............................. 263

Question Two. On the Procuration of the Common Good ........................ 267

Question Three. On the Defense of the Common Good, or on War ............... 275

Third Part. On Commutative Justice

Section A. On the Proper Act of Commutative Justice, or on Restitution

Question One. On the Necessity of Restitution .............................. 287

Question Two. On the Roots of Restitution .................................. 291

Art. I. On Unjust Taking ....................................................... 292

Art. II. On Detention of a Thing Accepted ...................................... 302

Art. III. On Unjust Taking and Detention of a Thing at the Same Time .......... 307

Art. IV. On Unjust Cooperation ................................................. 312

Question Three. On the Circumstances of Restitution

Art. I. On Him to Whom Restitution Is to Be Made ............................... 328

Art. II. On the Order of Those to Whom Restitution Is to Be Made ............... 331

Art. III. On the Mode in Which Restitution Is to Be Made ....................... 333

Art. IV. On the Place Where Restitution Is to Be Made .......................... 334

Art. V. On the Time at Which Restitution Is to Be Made ......................... 336

Question Four. On the Causes Excusing from Restitution ..................... 337

Art. I. On Causes Excusing for a Time .......................................... 338

Art. II. On Causes Exempting in Perpetuity ..................................... 341

Section B. On Justice and Injustice in Involuntary Commutations

Chapter I. On Injuries in the Internal Goods of Life and Body

Question One. On Injuries in the Spiritual Goods of the Soul ............... 344

Question Two. On the Killing of Self ....................................... 350

Question Three. On the Killing of Neighbor ................................. 357

Question Four. On Duel ..................................................... 368

Question Five. On Harms Which Are Inflicted upon Members of the Body ....... 372

Question Six. On Restitution because of Homicide and Wounding .............. 376

Question Seven. On the Obligations of Physicians ........................... 379

Chapter II. On Injuries in the Goods of Marriage ........................... 383

Question One. On Injury and Restitution from Defilement .................... 384

Question Two. On Injury and Restitution from Adultery ...................... 387

Chapter III. On Injuries in the External Goods of Fortune .................. 390

Question One. On the Private Right of Possessing External Goods ............ 390

Question Two. On Theft ..................................................... 419

Question Three. On Causes Excusing the Taking of Another's Thing ........... 429

Art. I. On Urgent Necessity .................................................... 429

Art. II. On Occult Compensation ................................................ 433

Chapter IV. On Injuries of Words in the Goods of Reputation and Honor ...... 436

Question One. On Rash Judgment and Suspicion ............................... 436

Question Two. On Detraction ................................................ 440

Question Three. On Contumely ............................................... 452

Question Four. On Restitution of Reputation and Honor ...................... 459

Section C. On Justice and Injustice in Voluntary Commutations or Contracts

Chapter I. On Contracts in General

Question One. On the Notion and Division of Contract ....................... 467

Question Two. On the Consent Required for a Contract ....................... 472

Question Three. On the Object or Matter of a Contract ...................... 480

Question Four. On the Subject of a Contract ................................ 485

Question Five. On the Effect or Obligation of a Contract ................... 492

Chapter II. On Unilateral Contracts

Question One. On Promise ................................................... 498

Question Two. On Donation .................................................. 501

Question Three. On Testament ............................................... 507

Question Four. On Principles Common to Donation and Testament .............. 514

Question Five. On Legal Succession ......................................... 523

Chapter III. On Bilateral Onerous Contracts

Question One. On Buying and Selling ........................................ 530

Art. I. On Buying and Selling in General ....................................... 531

Art. II. On Sale through Brokers ............................................... 550

Art. III. On Sale under the Spear .............................................. 552

Art. IV. On Resale ............................................................. 554

Art. V. On Monopoly ............................................................ 556

Art. VI. On Exchange and Negotiation ........................................... 560

Question Two. On Location and Conduction ................................... 561

Art. I. On Location of Things .................................................. 563

Art. II. On Location or Undertaking of Work to Be Done ......................... 566

Art. III. On Location of Services or Contract of Labor ......................... 569

Question Three. On the Contract of Partnership ............................. 590

Question Four. On Census and Exchange

Art. I. On Census and the Censual Contract ..................................... 595

Art. II. On Exchange ........................................................... 599

Chapter IV. On Bilateral Gratuitous Contracts

Question One. On the Contract of Credit .................................... 602

Art. I. On Commodatum .......................................................... 603

Art. II. On Mutuum ............................................................. 604

Question Two. On Deposit and Sequestration ................................. 619

Question Three. On Mandate and Management of Affairs ....................... 621

Chapter V. On Aleatory Contracts ........................................... 623

Question One. On Insurance ................................................. 624

Question Two. On Game, Wager, and Lottery ................................. 633

Question Three. On Stock-Exchange Speculations ............................. 638

Chapter VI. On Subsidiary or Accessory Contracts

Single Question. On Suretyship, Pledge, and Mortgage ....................... 643

Fourth Part. On Distributive Justice

Question One. On Judgment, Which Formally and Primarily Is the Act of Distributive Justice ...................................................... 648

Question Two. On Justice and Injustice in Goods to Be Distributed .......... 652

Question Three. On Justice and Injustice in Burdens to Be Distributed ...... 656

Art. I. On Tributes and Taxes to Be Paid ....................................... 656

Art. II. On the Obligation of Military Service to Be Rendered .................. 666

Question Four. On Public Trials ............................................ 668

Art. I. On Judges .............................................................. 668

Art. II. On Plaintiff, Defendant, and Witnesses ................................ 675

Art. III. On Advocates ......................................................... 678

Fifth Part. On the Virtues Annexed to Justice

Section A. On Religion According to Itself

Question One. On the Essence of Religion ................................... 681

Question Two. On the Object of Religion, or Divine Worship ................. 685

Section B. On the Acts of Religion

Chapter I. On Internal Acts by Which We Exhibit Mind or Will to God

Question One. On Devotion .................................................. 688

Question Two. On Prayer

Art. I. On the Essence and Object of Prayer .................................... 690

Art. II. On the Species of Prayer .............................................. 694

Art. III. On the Necessity and Efficacy of Prayer .............................. 698

Chapter II. On Acts by Which We Exhibit the Body to God

Question One. On Adoration ................................................. 703

Question Two. On the Observance of Feasts .................................. 704

Chapter III. On Acts by Which We Offer Something to God .................... 710

Question One. On Sacrifice ................................................. 710

Question Two. On Oblations ................................................. 724

Question Three. On Vow

Art. I. On the Essence of a Vow ................................................ 727

Art. II. On the Matter of a Vow ................................................ 731

Art. III. On the Obligation of a Vow ........................................... 735

Art. IV. On the Cessation of the Obligation of a Vow .......................... 740

Chapter IV. On Acts by Which We Assume the Name of God ..................... 745

Question One. On Oath

Art. I. On the Essence and Object of an Oath ................................... 746

Art. II. On the Licitness of an Oath ........................................... 751

Art. III. On the Obligation of a Promissory Oath ............................... 753

Question Two. On Adjuration ................................................ 756

Question Three. On Divine Praises .......................................... 759

Section C. On Sins Opposed to Religion

Chapter I. On Superstition ................................................. 762

Question One. On Undue Worship of the True God ............................. 763

Question Two. On Idolatry .................................................. 764

Question Three. On Divination .............................................. 766

Question Four. On Vain Observance and Magic ................................ 774

Chapter II. On Irreligiosity ............................................... 777

Question One. On Temptation of God ......................................... 778

Question Two. On Perjury ................................................... 780

Question Three. On Sacrilege ............................................... 783

Question Four. On Simony ................................................... 788

Section D. On Piety and Observance

Chapter I. On Piety

Question One. On Piety in Itself ........................................... 795

Question Two. On Offices of Piety toward Parents ........................... 797

Question Three. On the Offices of Parents toward Children .................. 802

Question Four. On the Offices of Spouses ................................... 809

Chapter II. On Observance

Question One. On Observance in General ..................................... 811

Question Two. On Dulia ..................................................... 813

Question Three. On Obedience and Disobedience .............................. 814

Question Four. On the Offices of Princes and Subjects ...................... 817

Section E. On Truth

Question One. On Truth in Itself ........................................... 819

Question Two. On Violation of a Secret ..................................... 820

Question Three. On Lying

Art. I. On the Lie Itself ...................................................... 826

Art. II. On the Species of Lie ................................................. 832

Question Four. On Various Cases in Which One Must at the Same Time Speak Truly, Preserve a Secret, and Avoid Lying ....................................... 834

Section F. On the Other Habits Annexed to Justice

Question One. On Gratitude and Ingratitude ................................. 836

Question Two. On Vindication ............................................... 839

Question Three. On Liberality .............................................. 841

Question Four. On Affability ............................................... 843

Question Five. On Equity ................................................... 845

Question Six. On Our Piety toward God the Father ........................... 847

Sixth Part. On the Precepts of Justice

Single Question. On the Precepts of the Decalogue and Other Precepts Pertaining to Justice ...................................................... 849

Treatise: On the Cardinal Virtue of Fortitude and on the Annexed Virtues

Introduction .............................................................. 853

First Part. On Fortitude Itself

Question One. On Fortitude According to Itself ............................. 856

Question Two. On the Act of Fortitude, or on Martyrdom ..................... 860

Question Three. On the Vices Opposed to Fortitude .......................... 863

Second Part. On the Virtues Annexed to Fortitude

Question One. On Magnanimity

Art. I. On Magnanimity Itself According to Itself .............................. 866

Art. II. On Sins Opposed to Magnanimity ........................................ 868

Question Two. On Magnificence .............................................. 871

Question Three. On Patience and Longanimity ................................ 872

Question Four. On Perseverance and Constancy ............................... 875

Conclusion. On the Gift and Precepts of Fortitude .......................... 876

Treatise: On the Cardinal Virtue of Temperance and on the Annexed Virtues

Introduction .............................................................. 881

First Part. On Temperance in General

Question One. On Temperance in Itself ...................................... 884

Question Two. On the Vices Opposed to Temperance ........................... 888

Question Three. On the Parts of Temperance ................................. 889

Second Part. On Abstinence

Question One. On Fasting According to Itself ............................... 893

Question Two. On Ecclesiastical Fasting .................................... 897

Question Three. On Abstinence from Flesh-Meats ............................. 906

Question Four. On the Subject of Fasting and Abstinence .................... 907

Art. I. On the Excusing Cause or Impotence ..................................... 908

Art. II. On the Exempting Cause or Dispensation ................................ 911

Question Five. On Violation of Fasting and Abstinence ...................... 914

Question Six. On the Sin Opposed to Abstinence, or on Gluttony ............. 918

Third Part. On Sobriety

Question One. On Sobriety in Itself ........................................ 921

Question Two. On the Sin Opposed to Sobriety, or on Drunkenness

Art. I. On Drunkenness Itself .................................................. 922

Art. II. On Sins Committed on Occasion of Drunkenness .......................... 926

Fourth Part. On Chastity and Pudicity

Question One. On Chastity and Pudicity in Itself ........................... 929

Question Two. On the Sin Opposed to Chastity, or on Luxury in General ...... 933

Question Three. On the Species of Luxury ................................... 937

Art. I. On Luxury According to Nature .......................................... 938

Art. II. On Luxury against Nature .............................................. 947

Question Four. On Internal Luxury .......................................... 952

Question Five. On Impudicity ............................................... 955

Fifth Part. On the Virtues Annexed to Temperance

Question One. On Continence ................................................ 961

Question Two. On Clemency and Meekness

Art. I. On Clemency and Meekness According to Themselves ....................... 965

Art. II. On Opposed Sins ....................................................... 967

Question Three. On Humility

Art. I. On Humility According to Itself ........................................ 970

Art. II. On Pride .............................................................. 974

Question Four. On Studiosity ............................................... 977

Question Five. On Modesty of Manners ....................................... 979

Question Six. On Modesty of External Equipment ............................. 983

Conclusion ................................................................ 987

Appendix. Excursus on the Systems of Moralists as to Solving Doubt of Conscience ................................................................ 988

Alphabetical Index ......................................................... 994

Analytical Index .......................................................... 1025

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