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Library › Billuart, Summa Summae › Tomus III. On the Secunda Secundae (Faith to Justice)
  • Tomus II. On the Prima Secundae
    • On Human Acts
      • On the Voluntary and the Involuntary
        • What is the voluntary, and of how many kinds?
        • Whether an omission, and the effect that follows from it, are voluntary without a precept to place the act omitted?
        • Whether violence causes the involuntary?
        • Whether fear causes the involuntary?
        • Whether concupiscence causes the involuntary?
        • Whether ignorance causes the involuntary?
      • On the Free Voluntary, or on Created Liberty
        • Preliminary Notes
        • Whether in fallen man there is liberty of choice, or of indifference?
        • Whether for meriting or demeriting, in this state of fallen nature, liberty from necessity, or liberty of indifference, is required?
      • On Human Acts Taken Specifically
        • Whether the will can will evil under the aspect of evil?
        • On the motive of the will as to specification
        • On the motive of the will as to exercise
        • On the manner in which the will is moved: freely, or necessarily?
        • On the acts elicited by the will
        • On the acts commanded by the will (St. Thomas, q. 17)
      • On Human Acts in Their Moral Being
        • In what the morality of human acts in general consists?
        • On the principles of morality
        • On the concurrence of manifold morality together in the same act
        • Whether there are indifferent acts?
        • Whether, and how, the human will, to be good, must be conformed to the divine will?
        • Whether the exterior act adds goodness or malice to the interior act?
        • Whether the event that follows adds to the goodness or malice of the exterior act?
      • On Conscience
        • What is conscience, and of how many kinds?
        • Whether, and how, we are bound to conform to an erring conscience?
        • Of what species and gravity is the sin of acting against conscience?
        • How the confessor should deal with a penitent whom he finds laboring under an erroneous conscience?
        • On the scrupulous conscience, through various little questions
        • Whether it is lawful to act with a doubtful, probable, or more probable conscience?
      • On the Probability and Choice of Opinions
        • Whether it is licit to follow the less probable and less safe opinion, in concurrence with one more probable and safer?
        • Whether, in the conflict of two equally probable opinions on the objective honesty of an act, it is lawful to follow the less safe favoring liberty, leaving the safer favoring the law?
        • Whether it is lawful to follow the more probable but less safe opinion, in concurrence with one less probable but safer, where only the objective honesty of the act is at stake?
        • Various little questions on the present matter briefly resolved
      • On Moderate Probabilism
        • On the nature of probability
        • What systems have arisen concerning probability in practical matters?
        • Whether it is lawful to follow an opinion truly and solidly probable favoring liberty, leaving a safer one equally probable, or even more probable, where only the liceity of the action is at stake?
        • On the use of probability, and the special rules by which conscience is practically formed in doubts
        • Whether it is lawful to follow a probable, or even more probable, opinion, leaving the safer, when there is a certain obligation of attaining a determinate end?
        • On Compensative Probabilism
    • On the Passions and the Virtues
      • On the Passions
        • On the passions in particular
      • On the Virtues
        • What is virtue, and of how many kinds?
        • On the subject of the virtues
        • On the cause of the virtues
        • On the properties of the virtues
    • On Sins
      • On the Nature of Sin
        • What is sin?
        • Whether the formal constitutive of the sin of commission consists in something positive, or privative?
        • On the sin of omission
      • On the Specific and Numerical Distinction of Sins
        • The various divisions of sin
        • Whence is the specific distinction of sins taken?
        • Whether sins of commission and of omission differ in species?
        • Whence is the numerical distinction of sins taken?
      • On the Comparison of Sins with One Another
        • Whether all sins are connected with one another, and equal?
        • Whence is the inequality of sins taken?
      • On the Subject of Sin
        • What is the subject of sin?
        • Whether sin, at least venial, can be in and from the sensitive appetite alone, without any actual influx of the will; and whether all motions of sensuality are sins?
      • On the Causes of Sins
        • Whether, and what, ignorance is a cause of sin, and is itself a sin?
        • Whether there can be invincible ignorance of positive divine law?
        • Whether there can be invincible ignorance of the law of nature?
        • Whether invincible ignorance of the law of nature excuses from sin?
        • On inadvertence to sin
        • Whether ignorance excuses from the penalties established by positive laws?
        • Whether God is a cause of sin?
      • On Original Sin
        • Whether there is an original sin transmitted from Adam to his posterity?
        • Various questions on the transmission of original sin briefly resolved
        • Whether the most blessed Virgin Mary contracted original sin in her Conception?
        • Whether St. Thomas denied that the blessed Virgin Mother of God was immune from original sin?
        • In what the essence of original sin consists?
      • On the Effects of Sin
        • Whether from actual sin there remains in the soul a stain, or habitual sin, and what it is?
        • On the guilt of punishment
        • What guilt of punishment sin induces?
        • On the Punishment Due to Original Sin
      • On Mortal and Venial Sin
        • Whether there is venial sin distinct from mortal by its own nature?
        • In what, and how, mortal and venial sin differ from one another?
        • Whether venial sin disposes to mortal, and can become mortal, and mortal contrariwise become venial?
        • What is the last end of the one sinning mortally, and of the one sinning venially?
        • Whether mortal sin, as an offense, is of simply infinite gravity?
        • Whether man, in the first moral instant of the use of reason, is bound to turn himself to God; and whether venial sin can exist with original sin alone?
    • On Laws
      • On Law in General
        • What is law?
        • Whether promulgation is of the essence of law?
        • Who can make laws?
      • On the Eternal and the Natural Law
        • On the eternal law
        • On the natural law
        • Whether the natural law can suffer dispensation?
      • On Human Law
        • On the quiddity, necessity, qualities, and divisions of human law
        • What promulgation of a human law is required for it to oblige?
        • Whether law depends on the acceptance of the people?
      • On the Power of Human Law
        • Whether human law can command or forbid internal acts?
        • How the commanded work must be done, that the law be satisfied?
        • Whether human laws oblige in conscience?
        • On penal law
        • When do human laws oblige under mortal sin?
        • Certain other little questions on the obligation of human laws briefly resolved
        • Who are subject to human laws?
      • On the Change of Laws
        • On the change of laws by abrogation and by cessation of their end
        • On custom
        • On dispensation
        • On the interpretation of laws
        • Appendix. On Privileges
    • On Grace
      • Preambles on the Various Errors concerning Grace
      • Preambles on the Various States of Human Nature
        • The five states of human nature explained
          • The state of pure nature
          • The state of integral nature
          • The states of original justice, of fallen nature, and of repaired nature
        • Whether the state of pure nature was possible?
        • Whether man in the state of fallen nature not yet repaired has less strength for moral good than he would have had in the state of pure nature?
        • Whether grace efficacious of itself was necessary to Adam and to the angels alike for persevering?
      • On the Necessity of Grace
        • What is understood by the name of grace?
        • Whether man without grace can know anything true?
        • Whether fallen man can do or will any good without grace?
        • On the necessity of grace for the natural love of God above all things, affective as well as effective, and for avoiding sins
        • Whether man can prepare himself for grace without grace?
        • Whether actual grace is necessary to justified man for each act of piety?
        • Whether man established in grace needs a special help of grace to persevere finally?
      • On the Essence and Division of Grace
        • On the essence of grace
        • The various divisions of grace
        • On the grace gratuitously given, in particular
        • Whether in this state of fallen nature there is sufficient grace?
        • In what sense sufficient grace must be admitted?
        • What is the help of sufficient grace, and of how many kinds?
        • On Efficacious Grace
        • The various ways of explaining the efficacy and causality of grace efficacious of itself are weighed
        • On the cause of grace
      • On the Justification of the Sinner
        • Whether in the justification of the ungodly sins are truly destroyed and taken away, and not only covered?
        • Whether for the remission of sin, which is the justification of the ungodly, an infusion of grace is required?
        • On the acts required for the justification of the adult sinner
        • Article IV
        • Certain little questions in completion of St. Thomas's question briefly resolved
      • On the Merit of the Just
        • What is merit, and of how many kinds? what conditions does it require?
        • Whether man can merit anything from God?
        • Whether the works of the just done from grace merit eternal life in strict desert (de condigno)?
        • On the things that fall under merit
  • Tomus III. On the Secunda Secundae (Faith to Justice)
    • On Faith
      • Proem
      • On the Object of Faith
        • What is the object of faith?
        • Into what is the ultimate resolution of our faith?
        • Whether faith can rest upon what is false?
        • On the obscurity in the object of faith and the evidence in the one attesting
        • Whether the mysteries of faith are evidently credible?
      • On the Motives of Credibility of the Christian Religion, against Unbelievers, Commonly Called Deists
        • What is prophecy? Is it possible?
        • Whether prophecies have force to prove the truth of revelation?
        • The predictions of the prophets concerning the Christian religion and its author
        • The miracles of Christ and the Apostles, and likewise the promises of Christ fulfilled, in confirmation of the Christian religion
        • The wonderful and plainly divine manner in which the Christian religion was founded and propagated
      • On the Internal and External Act of Faith
        • Whether it is of the necessity of salvation to believe something above natural reason, and what?
        • The remaining difficulties concerning the internal act of faith are weighed
        • On the external act of faith
      • On the Habit and Subject of Faith
        • On the habit of faith
        • On the subject of faith
        • Whether a false religion can be tolerated by the true
        • Whether faith excludes natural reason?
      • On the Vices Opposed to Faith
        • On unbelief in general
        • On heresy
        • On apostasy
        • On liberty of worship
        • On blasphemy
    • On Hope
      • On Hope
        • On hope in itself and on its object
        • In whom hope is found
        • On the necessity of hope
        • What are the vices opposed to theological hope?
    • On Charity
      • On Charity in Itself
        • Comprising all that concerns charity in itself
      • On the Subject, Cause, Increase, and Loss of Charity
        • On the Subject, Cause, Increase, and Loss of Charity
      • On Charity toward the Neighbor
        • Whether man ought from charity to love himself, his own body, and sinners?
        • Whether enemies are to be loved from charity, and signs and works of charity shown to them?
      • On the Order and the Principal Act of Charity, which is Love
        • Whether God is to be loved from charity more than the neighbor?
        • Whether man ought from charity to love himself more than the neighbor?
        • What order is to be kept in the love of our neighbors?
        • Whether, and in what sense, it is lawful to love God and serve him for the sake of reward?
        • On the precept of charity
      • On Almsgiving
        • Whether to give alms is a matter of precept, and when?
        • Various questions on almsgiving briefly solved
      • On Fraternal Correction
        • Whether fraternal correction is a matter of precept, and what conditions are required for it to oblige?
        • On the order of fraternal correction
      • On the Vices Opposed to Charity
        • On hatred of God and of the neighbor; on sloth, envy, discord, contention, and schism
        • On war
        • On the duel
    • On Right and Justice
      • On Right and Ownership
        • What is right, and of how many kinds?
        • What is ownership, and of how many kinds? What are usufruct and use?
        • Whether, in things consumed in a single act, use is distinguished from ownership?
        • On possession
      • On the Subject and Object of Ownership
        • On the subject and object of ownership in general
        • On the ownership of wives and of sons under family power
        • On the ownership of clerics
      • On the Ways of Acquiring Ownership
        • On the ways of acquiring ownership of things that belong to no one
        • On the first way of acquiring ownership of things that belong to another, namely accession
        • On the other way of acquiring ownership of things that belong to another, namely prescription
      • On Justice
        • On the definition, object, and subject of justice
        • On the division of justice
      • On the Act of Justice as Such, namely Judgment
        • Whether judgment is lawful?
        • On suspicion and rash judgment
        • Whether doubts about the evil of a neighbor are to be interpreted in the better part?
      • On the Act of Commutative Justice, namely Restitution
        • On the quality and necessity of restitution
        • From how many titles the obligation of restitution arises, affirmative or negative?
        • Whether the obligation of restitution is incurred by reason of damage inflicted without theological fault?
        • Whether vehement theological fault induces an obligation of restitution, and what kind?
        • Whether, and how far, juridical fault induces an obligation of restitution by reason of contract and quasi-contract, or of office?
        • How restitution is to be made by a possessor in good faith
        • Whether one who in good faith bought a stolen thing is bound, when he learns it is stolen, to give it back to the true owner?
        • On the restitution to be made by a possessor in bad faith
        • Whether those who hinder someone from obtaining some good are bound to restitution?
        • On the restitution to be made by those who cooperate in unjust damage
        • When is restitution to be made?
        • How is restitution to be made?
        • In what place, at whose expense, and at whose risk is restitution to be made?
        • To which of several creditors must restitution be made first?
        • In what manner is the thing to be restored?
        • On the causes that suspend the obligation of restitution
        • On the causes that take away the obligation of restitution
      • On the Vice Opposed to Distributive Justice, which is Respect of Persons
        • What is respect of persons?
        • On respect of persons in the distribution of spiritual things
        • On taxes

Book — Billuart, Summa Summae · from Schola Thomistica

On Hope

Contents

  • On Hope
    • On hope in itself and on its object
    • In whom hope is found
    • On the necessity of hope
    • What are the vices opposed to theological hope?

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