Volume — Billuart, Summa Summae · from Schola Thomistica
Tomus II. On the Prima Secundae
Contents
On Human Acts
On the Voluntary and the Involuntary
- What is the voluntary, and of how many kinds?
- Whether an omission, and the effect that follows from it, are voluntary without a precept to place the act omitted?
- Whether violence causes the involuntary?
- Whether fear causes the involuntary?
- Whether concupiscence causes the involuntary?
- Whether ignorance causes the involuntary?
On Human Acts in Their Moral Being
- In what the morality of human acts in general consists?
- On the principles of morality
- On the concurrence of manifold morality together in the same act
- Whether there are indifferent acts?
- Whether, and how, the human will, to be good, must be conformed to the divine will?
- Whether the exterior act adds goodness or malice to the interior act?
- Whether the event that follows adds to the goodness or malice of the exterior act?
On Conscience
- What is conscience, and of how many kinds?
- Whether, and how, we are bound to conform to an erring conscience?
- Of what species and gravity is the sin of acting against conscience?
- How the confessor should deal with a penitent whom he finds laboring under an erroneous conscience?
- On the scrupulous conscience, through various little questions
- Whether it is lawful to act with a doubtful, probable, or more probable conscience?
On the Probability and Choice of Opinions
- Whether it is licit to follow the less probable and less safe opinion, in concurrence with one more probable and safer?
- Whether, in the conflict of two equally probable opinions on the objective honesty of an act, it is lawful to follow the less safe favoring liberty, leaving the safer favoring the law?
- Whether it is lawful to follow the more probable but less safe opinion, in concurrence with one less probable but safer, where only the objective honesty of the act is at stake?
- Various little questions on the present matter briefly resolved
On Moderate Probabilism
- On the nature of probability
- What systems have arisen concerning probability in practical matters?
- Whether it is lawful to follow an opinion truly and solidly probable favoring liberty, leaving a safer one equally probable, or even more probable, where only the liceity of the action is at stake?
- On the use of probability, and the special rules by which conscience is practically formed in doubts
- Whether it is lawful to follow a probable, or even more probable, opinion, leaving the safer, when there is a certain obligation of attaining a determinate end?
- On Compensative Probabilism
On Sins
On the Causes of Sins
- Whether, and what, ignorance is a cause of sin, and is itself a sin?
- Whether there can be invincible ignorance of positive divine law?
- Whether there can be invincible ignorance of the law of nature?
- Whether invincible ignorance of the law of nature excuses from sin?
- On inadvertence to sin
- Whether ignorance excuses from the penalties established by positive laws?
- Whether God is a cause of sin?
On Original Sin
- Whether there is an original sin transmitted from Adam to his posterity?
- Various questions on the transmission of original sin briefly resolved
- Whether the most blessed Virgin Mary contracted original sin in her Conception?
- Whether St. Thomas denied that the blessed Virgin Mother of God was immune from original sin?
- In what the essence of original sin consists?
On Mortal and Venial Sin
- Whether there is venial sin distinct from mortal by its own nature?
- In what, and how, mortal and venial sin differ from one another?
- Whether venial sin disposes to mortal, and can become mortal, and mortal contrariwise become venial?
- What is the last end of the one sinning mortally, and of the one sinning venially?
- Whether mortal sin, as an offense, is of simply infinite gravity?
- Whether man, in the first moral instant of the use of reason, is bound to turn himself to God; and whether venial sin can exist with original sin alone?
On Laws
On the Power of Human Law
- Whether human law can command or forbid internal acts?
- How the commanded work must be done, that the law be satisfied?
- Whether human laws oblige in conscience?
- On penal law
- When do human laws oblige under mortal sin?
- Certain other little questions on the obligation of human laws briefly resolved
- Who are subject to human laws?
On Grace
- Preambles on the Various Errors concerning Grace
On the Necessity of Grace
- What is understood by the name of grace?
- Whether man without grace can know anything true?
- Whether fallen man can do or will any good without grace?
- On the necessity of grace for the natural love of God above all things, affective as well as effective, and for avoiding sins
- Whether man can prepare himself for grace without grace?
- Whether actual grace is necessary to justified man for each act of piety?
- Whether man established in grace needs a special help of grace to persevere finally?
On the Essence and Division of Grace
- On the essence of grace
- The various divisions of grace
- On the grace gratuitously given, in particular
- Whether in this state of fallen nature there is sufficient grace?
- In what sense sufficient grace must be admitted?
- What is the help of sufficient grace, and of how many kinds?
- On Efficacious Grace
- The various ways of explaining the efficacy and causality of grace efficacious of itself are weighed
- On the cause of grace
On the Justification of the Sinner
- Whether in the justification of the ungodly sins are truly destroyed and taken away, and not only covered?
- Whether for the remission of sin, which is the justification of the ungodly, an infusion of grace is required?
- On the acts required for the justification of the adult sinner
- Article IV
- Certain little questions in completion of St. Thomas's question briefly resolved