Article — Billuart, Summa Summae · from Schola Thomistica
Whether prophecies have force to prove the truth of revelation?
Proof. Holy Scripture, which most frequently invokes prophecies as proof of the truth of revelation. Christ himself says, John, v, 39: Search the Scriptures, for you think that in them you have life everlasting. And they are they that testify of me. So that he might prove to the disciples going to the town called Emmaus that all things that had happened of him had come to pass by the divine will, Luke, XXIV, 27, beginning from Moses and all the prophets, he interpreted to them in all the Scriptures the things that were concerning him. St. Peter, after narrating the prodigious transfiguration of Christ, in which the heavenly Father proclaimed him his own Son with an audible voice, adds, to refute more fully the unbelief of the Jews, 2 Pet., I, 19: And we have a firmer prophetic word, whereunto you do well to attend, as to a lamp shining in a dark place, until the day dawn. St. Paul expounded to the Jews the heavenly doctrine, Acts, XXVIII, 23, testifying the kingdom of God and persuading them concerning Jesus out of the law of Moses and the prophets. Therefore.
Prob. S. Scriptura, quae saepissime prophetias invocat in probationem veritatis revelatae. Ipse Christus ait, Ioann., v, 39 : Scrutamini Scripturas, quia vos putatis in ipsis vitam aeternam habere. Et illae sunt quae testimonium perhibent de me. Ut discipulis in castellum nomine Emmaus euntibus probaret omnia quae acciderant de ipso voluntate divina contigisse, Luc., XXIV, 27, incipiens a Moyse et omnibus prophetis, interpretabatur illis in omnibus Scripturis quae de ipso erant. S. Petrus, narrata prodigiosa transfiguratione Christi, in qua Pater coelestis eum suum proprium Filium voce sensibili proclamavit, ad plenius revincendam Iudaeorum incredulitatem, addit, II Petr., I, 19 : Et habemus firmiorem propheticum sermonem, cui bene facitis attendentes, quasi lucernae lucenti in caliginoso loco, donec dies elucescat. S. Paulus Iudaeis exponebat doctrinam coelestem, Act., XXVIII, 23, testificans regnum Dei, suadensque eis de Iesu ex lege Moysi et prophetis. Ergo.
Proof. by a second argument. Prophecy properly so called cannot be except from God; for, as the Angelic Doctor says, 2a 2ae, q. 171, a. 2, c., « the principle of those things that pertain to supernatural knowledge, which are made manifest through prophecy, is God himself, who is not seen by the prophets through essence. » Therefore, whenever a true prophecy is had as confirmed by the event, so often an unavoidable argument arises for divine and supernatural revelation. — The antecedent follows from the very notion of prophecy itself. — The consequent therefore cannot be denied.
Prob. 2° ratione. Prophetia proprie dicta non potest esse nisi a Deo; nam, ut ait Angelicus, 2a 2ae, q. 171, a. 2, c., « principium eorum quae ad supernaturalem cognitionem pertinent, quae per prophetiam manifestantur, est ipse Deus, qui per essentiam a prophetis non videtur. » Ergo, quoties vera habetur prophetia eventu comprobata, toties ineluctabile divinae ac supernae revelationis exsurgit argumentum. — Antecedens constat ex notione ipsa prophetiae. — Consequens ergo negari non potest.
It is confirmed from this, that a true prophecy is a true miracle, and below it will be proved that a miracle demonstrates the truth of the doctrine in whose favor it is wrought.
Confirmatur ex hoc, quod vera prophetia est verum miraculum, et infra probabitur miraculum demonstrare veritatem doctrinae in cuius favorem patratur.
Proof. thirdly from the Fathers, of whom it will suffice to cite one and another. Tertullian, Apologet., c. 20: « A fitting testimony of divinity, I think, is the truth of divination. Hence among us faith in things to come also is safe, because they were foretold along with those things which are daily proved. » Splendid is this passage of Augustine, serm. 43 de Script., n. 5. Having recounted out of St. Peter the transfiguration of Christ, and having cited these words: And we have a more certain prophetic word, he says: « That voice sounded from heaven, and the prophetic word is more certain... Who among us does not marvel that, the voice having been brought down from heaven, the Apostle said the prophetic word was more certain? He said indeed more certain: more certain, not better, not truer. For that voice from heaven was as true as the prophetic word, as good, as useful. What then is more certain, except that in which the hearer is more confirmed? Why this? Because there are unbelieving men who so disparage Christ as to say that he did what he did by magical arts... But the prophets were before: I do not say before that voice, but before the flesh of Christ. Christ was not yet when he sent the prophets... Behold why the Apostle Peter says: We have a more certain prophetic word. A voice from heaven, whereby the faithful are admonished; a prophetic word, whereby the unbelieving are convinced. » Therefore.]
Prob. 3° ex Patribus, quorum unum et alterum sufficiat referre. Tertullianus, Apologet., c. 20 : « Idoneum, opinor, testimonium divinitatis, veritas divinationis. Hinc igitur apud nos futurorum quoque fides tuta est, quia cum illis quae quotidie probantur praedicebantur. » Praeclarus est hic Augustini locus, serm. 43 de Script., n. 5. Narrata ex S. Petro transfiguratione Christi, relatisque his verbis : Et habemus certiorem propheticum sermonem, dicit : « Sonuit vox illa de coelo, et certior est propheticus sermo... Quis nostrum non miretur, delata voce de coelo certiorem propheticum sermonem ab Apostolo dictum esse? Certiorem sane dixit : certiorem, non meliorem, non veriorem. Tam enim verus ille sermo de coelo, quam sermo propheticus, tam bonus, tam utilis. Quid est ergo certiorem, nisi in quo magis confirmetur auditor? Quare hoc? Quoniam sunt homines infideles qui sic detrahunt Christo, ut dicant eum magicis artibus fecisse quae fecit... Sed prophetae ante fuerunt : non dico ante istam vocem, sed ante Christi carnem. Nondum erat Christus, quando misit prophetas... Ecce quare ait apostolus Petrus : Habemus certiorem propheticum sermonem. Vox de coelo, qua fideles admoneantur; propheticus sermo, quo infideles convincantur. » Ergo.]