Article — Billuart, Summa Summae · from Schola Thomistica
Whether man can merit anything from God?
I say : Justified man can truly and properly merit something from God, even eternal life itself.
Dico : Homo justificatus potest vere et proprie a Deo mereri aliquid, etiam ipsam vitam aeternam.
This is of faith, decided in various councils: Arausican II, can. 18 ; Lateranense IV, under Innocent III, cap. Firmiter ; and lastly in Trid., session VI, cap. 16 and can. 32, against the Lutherans and Calvinists, who, since they contend that all works are evil, acknowledge in him no work that is meritorious at least of eternal life.
Est de fide decisum in variis concil. Arausicano II, can. 18 ; Lateranense IV, sub Innocentio III, cap. Firmiter ; ultimo in Trid., sess. VI, cap. 16 et can. 32, contra Lutheranos et Calvinistas, qui cum contendant omnia opera esse mala, nullum in eo agnoscunt opus quod sit meritorium saltem vita aeterna.
It is proved 1°. By merit we understand nothing else than a good work compared to a reward. Now Scripture everywhere proposes to us eternal life as to be rendered to the good works of the just. Therefore. — Proof of the minor. Matth., V, 12, it is said : Rejoice and exult, because your reward is great in heaven. Ibid., cap. XIX, 27-29, to Peter asking what reward there will be for one who leaves earthly things for Christ, answers
Probatur 1°. Per meritum nihil aliud intelligimus quam bonum opus comparatum ad mercedem. Atqui Scriptura passim nobis proponit vitam aeternam bonis justorum operibus reddendam. Ergo. — Prob. min. Matth., V, 12, dicitur : Gaudete et exultate, quoniam merces vestra copiosa est in coelis. Ibid., cap. XIX, 27-29, Petro interroganti quae merces erit derelinquenti terrena pro Christo, respondet
Christ : You shall receive a hundredfold, and shall possess life everlasting. And chapter XX explains this by the example of the householder who gives the laborers a daily denarius as the reward of slight toil. Hebr., XIII, 16 : Do not forget beneficence and communication ; for by such sacrifices God is merited. II Tim., IV, 8 : As to the rest, there is laid up for me a crown of justice, which the Lord, the just judge, will render to me in that day. Hebr., VI, 10 : For God is not unjust, that he should forget your work. And so elsewhere passim. Therefore, according to Scripture, there is promised to the good works of the just, not a reward of whatever kind, as the sectaries say, but life eternal itself ; not from mere liberality and mercy, as others say, but from justice, and therefore as merit properly so called.
Christus : Centuplum accipiet, et vitam aeternam possidebit. Et cap. XX, id explicat exemplo patrisfamilias qui in mercedem exigui laboris reddit operariis denarium diurnum. Hebr., XIII, 16 : Beneficentiae et communionis nolite oblivisci ; talibus enim hostiis promeretur Deus. II Tim., IV, 8 : Reposita est mihi corona justitiae, quam reddet mihi Dominus justus judex. Hebr., VI, 10 : Non enim injustus Deus, ut obliviscatur operis vestri. Et similiter passim. Ergo, juxta Scripturam, bonis justorum operibus promittitur, non qualecumque praemium, ut dicunt sectarii, sed ipsa vita aeterna ; non ex sola liberalitate et misericordia, ut dicunt alii, sed ex justitia, ideoque ut merito proprie dicto.
It is proved 2°. God confers on man through grace the virtue of acting well, and promises to his works done through grace a certain reward, indeed glory itself, as has been said ; all the other conditions required for merit can concur, for none is repugnant. Therefore man can merit even glory itself.
Probatur 2°. Deus confert homini per gratiam virtutem bene operandi, et ejus operibus ex gratia factis promittit certum praemium, imo et ipsam gloriam, ut modo dictum est ; omnes aliae conditiones requisitae ad meritum possunt concurrere, nulla enim repugnat. Ergo potest homo mereri etiam ipsam gloriam.