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Library › Noldin, Summa of Moral Theology › Volume II. On the Precepts of God and of the Church › Part Second. On the Precepts of the Decalogue › Book Sixth. On the Seventh Precept of the Decalogue › Chapter Fourth. On Contracts › Question First. On Contracts in General
  • On the Principles of Moral Theology
    • Title Pages
    • Introduction. Into Moral Theology
      • First Question. On The Nature Of Moral Theology
      • Second Question. On The Sources Of Moral Theology
      • Third Question. On The Principles Of Moral Theology
    • Book First. On The Ultimate End Of Man
      • First Question. On The Ultimate End Itself
      • Second Question. On The Means To The Ultimate End
        • First Article. On The Liberty Of The Will
        • Second Article. On Supernatural Virtues
        • Third Article. On The Gifts Of The Holy Spirit
      • Third Question. On The Moral Order
        • First Article. On The Moral Order Itself
        • Second Article. On The Obligation Of Tending To The Ultimate End
    • Book Second. On Acts Apt For The End
      • First Question. On Human Acts
        • First Article. On The Nature Of Human Acts
        • Second Article. On The Voluntary And The Involuntary
        • Third Article. On The Principles Of Human Acts
        • Fourth Article. On The Impediments Of Human Acts
      • Second Question. On Moral Acts
        • First Article. On The Nature Of Moral Acts
        • Second Article. On The Norm Of Morality
        • Third Article. On The Sources Of Morality
        • Fourth Article. On The Morality Of The External Act
        • Fifth Article. On The Imputability Of Moral Acts
      • Third Question. On Acts Morally Good
      • Appendix. On Acts Morally Indifferent
      • Fourth Question. On Supernatural Acts
      • Fifth Question. On Meritorious Acts
        • First Article. On The Nature Of Merit
        • Second Article. On The Conditions Of Merit
    • Book Third. On Laws
      • First Question. On The Nature Of Law
      • Second Question. On Divine Law
        • First Article. On Eternal And Natural Law
        • Second Article. On Positive Divine Law
        • Third Article. On Counsels
      • Third Question. On Human Law
        • First Article. On The Author Of Human Law
        • Second Article. On The Object Of Human Law
      • Fourth Question. On The Subject Of Law
        • First Article. On The Subject Itself Of Law
        • Article Second. On Ecclesiastical Domicile.
      • Question Fifth. On the Promulgation and Acceptance of Law.
      • Question Sixth. On the Interpretation of Law and Epikeia.
      • Question Seventh. On the Obligation of Law.
        • Article First. On the Obligation of Law in General.
        • Article Second. On the Obligation of Special Laws.
          • § 1. On Penal Law.
          • § 2. On Invalidating Law.
          • § 3. On Law Founded on Presumption.
        • Article Third. On the Manner of Fulfilling Obligation.
      • Question Eighth. On the Cessation of Obligation.
        • Article First. On Causes De-obliging from Law.
        • Article Second. On Dispensation from Law.
          • § 1. On the Power of Dispensing.
          • § 2. On the Causes of Dispensation.
          • § 3. On the Cessation of Dispensation.
        • Article Third. On Privilege.
      • Question Ninth. On the Cessation of Law.
      • Question Tenth. On Custom.
        • Article First. On Derogatory Custom.
        • Article Second. On Obligatory Custom.
      • Question Eleventh.
        • On the Collision of Duties and Rights.
    • Book Fourth. On Conscience.
      • Question First. On the Nature of Conscience.
        • Article First. On Conscience in General.
        • Article Second. On the Obligation of Following Conscience.
        • Article Third. On Scrupulous Conscience.
        • Article Fourth. On Certain and Doubtful Conscience.
          • § 1. On Certain Conscience.
          • § 2. On Doubtful Conscience.
        • Article Fifth. On Probable Opinion.
      • Question Second. On the Moral System.
        • Article First. On the Various Systems.
          • § 1. On Absolute Tutiorism.
          • § 2. On Mitigated Tutiorism.
          • § 3. On Probabiliorism.
          • § 4. On Laxism.
          • § 3. On the System of Probabilism.
        • Article Second. On Reflex Principles.
        • Article Third. On the System of St. Alphonsus.
        • Article Fourth. On the Authority of St. Alphonsus.
    • Book Fifth. On Virtues.
      • Question First. On Virtues in General.
        • Article First. On the Nature of Virtues.
        • Article Second. On the Distinction of Moral Virtues.
      • Question Second. On the Cardinal Virtues.
        • Article First. On Prudence.
        • Article Second. On Justice.
        • Article Third. On Fortitude.
        • Article Fourth. On Temperance.
    • Book Sixth. On Sins.
      • Question First. On the Nature and Division of Sin.
      • Question Second. On the Distinction of Sins.
        • Article First. On the Theological Distinction of Sins.
        • Article Second. On Specific Distinction.
        • Article Third. On Numerical Distinction.
      • Question Third. On the Conditions of Sin.
        • Article First.
        • Article Second.
      • Question Fourth. On the Gravity of Sin.
      • Question Fifth. On the Origin of Sin.
        • Article First. On Temptation to Sin.
        • Article Second. On the Danger of Sin.
      • Question Sixth. On Internal Sins.
        • Article First. On Depraved Desires.
        • Article Second. On Depraved Joys.
        • Article Third. On Morose Delectation.
      • Question Seventh. On Certain Kinds of Sin.
        • Article First. On Capital Sins.
        • Article Second. On Sins Crying to Heaven.
        • Article Third. On Sins Against the Holy Spirit.
    • Index of Subjects
    • Contents (as printed)
  • On the Sixth Precept and the Use of Matrimony
    • Title Pages
    • Book First. On the Sixth and Ninth Precepts of the Decalogue.
      • Question First. On Chastity and Virginity.
      • Question Second. On Lust in General.
        • Article First. On the Nature of Lust.
        • Article Second. On the Malice of Lust.
      • Question Third. On Consummated Sins of Lust.
        • Article First. On Sins According to Nature.
        • Article Two. On Sins Against Nature.
          • § 1. On Pollution.
          • § 2. On Sodomy.
          • § 3. On Bestiality.
      • Question Four. On the Sins of Lust Not Consummated.
        • Article One. On Carnal Movements.
        • Article Two. On External Sins, Immodesty.
        • Article Three. On Internal Sins.
    • Book Two. On the Use of Marriage.
      • Question One. On the Liceity of the Conjugal Act in Itself.
        • Article One. On the Liceity Itself.
        • Article Two. On Sodomy and Onanism.
      • Question Two. On the Liceity of the Conjugal Act by Reason of Circumstances.
        • § 1. On the End.
        • § 2. On Situation and Place.
        • § 3. On Time.
      • Question Three. On the Obligation of the Conjugal Act.
      • Question Four. On Licit Things in Marriage.
      • Question Five. On the Impediments of the Conjugal Act.
      • Appendix. Notes for Confessors.
    • Index of Subjects
    • Contents (as printed)
  • On Ecclesiastical Penalties
    • Title Pages
    • Introduction.
    • First Book. On Ecclesiastical Penalties in General.
      • Only Question. On Ecclesiastical Penalties Themselves.
    • Second Book. On Ecclesiastical Penalties in Particular.
      • Question One. On Censures in General.
        • Article One. On the Nature of Censure.
        • Article Two. On the Author of Censure.
        • Article Three. On the Subject of Censure.
        • Article Four. On the Conditions Required for Incurring Censure.
        • Article Five. On Causes Excusing from Censures.
        • Article Six. On Absolution from Censures.
        • Article Seven. On Censures Now in Force.
      • Question Two. On Excommunication.
        • Article One. On Excommunication in General.
        • Article Two. On the Effects of Excommunication.
        • Article Three. On Excommunications Reserved in a Special Mode.
          • § 1. From the Constitution *Apostolicae sedis*
          • § 2. From the Constitution *Romanus Pontifex*
        • Article Four. On Excommunications Reserved in the Ordinary Mode
          • § 1. From the Constitution *Apostolicae sedis*
          • § 2. From the Council of Trent
        • Article Five. On Ordinary Reserved Excommunications
          • § 1. From the Constitution *Apostolicae sedis*
          • § 2. From the Decree *Vigilanti*
        • Article Six. On Excommunications Reserved to No One
          • § 1. From the Constitution *Apostolicae sedis*
          • § 2. From the Council of Trent
          • § 3. From the Motu proprio *Praestantia*
      • Question Three. On Suspension
        • Article One. On Suspension in General
        • Article Two. On Suspensions in Particular
          • § 1. Suspensions from the Constitution *Apostolicae sedis*
          • § 2. Tridentine Suspensions
          • § 3. Suspensions Imposed after the Bull *Apostolicae sedis*
      • Question Four. On Interdict
        • Article One. On Interdict in General
        • Article Two. On Interdicts in Particular
          • § 1. From the Constitution *Romanus pontifex*
          • § 2. From the Constitution *Apostolicae sedis*
          • § 3. From the Council of Trent
      • Question Five. On Irregularities
        • Article One. On Irregularities in General
        • Article Two. On Irregularities from Delict
          • § 1. Repetition of Baptism
          • § 2. Usurpation of Order
          • § 3. Violation of Censure
          • § 4. Homicide or Mutilation
        • Article Three. On Irregularities from Defect.
          • § 1. Defect of Body.
          • § 2. Defect of Soul.
          • § 3. Defect of Liberty.
          • § 4. Defect of Birth.
          • § 5. Defect of Sacrament.
          • § 6. Defect of Reputation.
          • § 7. Defect of Mildness.
        • Article Four. On the Cessation of Irregularity.
    • Index of Subjects
    • Contents (as printed)
  • Volume II. On the Precepts of God and of the Church
    • Title Pages
    • Contents (as printed)
    • Introduction
    • Part First. On the Precepts of the Theological Virtues
      • Book First. On the Precepts of Faith
        • Question First. On the Nature of Faith
        • Question Second. On the Necessity of Faith
          • Article First. On the Necessity of the Act of Faith
          • Article Second. On the Truths Necessarily to Be Believed
          • Article Third. On the Precept of Internal Faith
          • Article Fourth. On the Precept of External Faith
          • Article Fifth. On the Denial of Faith
        • Question Third. On Sins Against Faith
          • Article First. On Infidelity
          • Article Second. On Apostasy from Faith and on Heresy
          • Article Third. On Doubt in Faith
          • Article Fourth. On Communication with Unbelievers and Heretics
      • Book Second. On the Precepts of Hope
        • Question First. On the Nature of Theological Hope
        • Question Second. On the Necessity of Hope
        • Question Third. On Sins Against Hope
      • Book Third. On the Precepts of Charity
        • Question First. On Charity of God
          • Article First. On the Nature of Charity of God
          • Article Second. On the Necessity of Charity of God
          • Article Third. On Sins Against Charity of God
        • Question Second. On Charity of Self
          • Article First. On the Nature of Charity of Self
          • Article Second. On the Precepts of Charity of Self
          • Article Third. On the Precept of Laboring
          • Article Fourth. On Sins Against Charity of Self
        • Question Third. On Charity of Neighbor
          • Article First. On the Nature of Charity of Neighbor
          • Article Second. On the Precept of Charity of Neighbor
          • Article Fourth. On the Love of Enemies
          • Article Fifth. On External Charity of Neighbor
            • § 1. On Mercy
            • § 2. On Alms
            • § 3. On Fraternal Correction
          • Article Sixth. On Sins Against Charity of Neighbor
            • § 1. On Hatred
            • § 2. On Scandal
            • Particular Questions Concerning Scandal
            • § 3. On Induction
            • § 4. On Cooperation
            • Particular Questions Concerning Cooperation
    • Part Second. On the Precepts of the Decalogue
      • Question First. On the Nature of Religion
      • Question Second. On the Acts of Religion
        • Article First. On Adoration
        • Article Second. On Prayer
      • Question Third. On Sins Against Religion
        • Article Second. On Idolatry
        • Article Third. On Divination
        • Article Fourth. On Vain Observance
        • Article Fifth. On Magic and Malefice
          • On Recent Magic
        • Article Sixth. On Tempting God
        • Article Seventh. On Sacrilege
        • Article Eighth. On Simony
          • On Simony in Beneficiary Matters
      • Question First. On the Vain Assumption of the Name of God
      • Question Second. On Blasphemy
        • Article First. On Blasphemy Itself
        • Article Second. On Curses
      • Question Third. On Vow
        • Article First. On the Nature of Vow
        • Article Third. On the Obligation of Vow
          • Section 1. On Simple Cessation
          • Section 2. On the Irritation of Vow
          • Section 3. On the Dispensation of Vow
          • Section 4. On the Commutation of Vow
      • Question Fourth. On Oath
        • Article First. On Oath Itself and Its Liceity
        • Article Second. On the Conditions Required for an Oath
        • Article Third. On the Promissory Oath
        • Article Fourth. On Perjury
        • Article Fifth. On Adjuration
      • Book Third. On the Third Precept of the Decalogue
        • Question First. On the Sanctification of Feast Days
        • Question Second. On Hearing Mass
          • Article Second. On the Causes Excusing from Mass
        • Question Third. On the Prohibition of Servile Works
          • Article First. On Prohibited Works
          • Article Second. On the Causes Excusing from Labor
      • Book Fourth. On the Fourth Precept of the Decalogue
        • Question First. On Piety, Observance, and Obedience
        • Question Second. On Obligations in Domestic Society
          • On the Emancipation of Women
          • Article Second. On the Obligations of Children and Parents
            • Section 1. On the Obligations of Children
            • Section 2. On the Obligations of Parents
              • On Children to Be Sent to Non-Catholic Schools
          • Article Third. On the Obligations of Servants and Masters
            • Section 1. On the Obligations of Servants
            • Section 2. On the Obligations of Masters
          • Article Fourth. On the Obligations of Employers and Workers
          • Article Fifth. On the Obligations of Pupils and Teachers
        • Question Third. On Obligations in Civil Society
          • Article First. On the Ruler
          • Article Second. On Deputies
          • Article Third. On the Obligation of Subjection
          • Article Fourth. On the Obligation of Paying Taxes
          • Article Fifth. On the Obligation of Furnishing Military Service
          • Article Sixth. On the Obligation of Electing Deputies
      • Book Fifth. On the Fifth Precept of the Decalogue
        • Question First. On the Obligation of Preserving Life
        • Question Second. On the Killing and Mutilation of Oneself
        • Question Third. On the Killing of a Criminal
        • Question Fourth. On the Killing of an Unjust Aggressor
        • Question Fifth. On the Killing of an Innocent Person
          • Article First. On Homicide
          • Article Second. On the Procuring of Abortion
        • Question Sixth. On the Duel
        • Question Seventh. On War
      • Book Sixth. On the Seventh Precept of the Decalogue
        • Preliminary Question. On the Force of Civil Law in the Matter of Justice
        • Chapter First. On Ownership
          • Question First. On Ownership in General
            • Article First. On the Nature of Ownership
            • Article Third. On the Subject of Ownership
          • Question Second. On Ownership in External Things
            • Article First. On the Origin of Ownership in External Things
            • Article Second. On Possession
            • Article Third. On the Ownership of Sons Under Family Power
            • Article Fourth. On the Ownership of Spouses
            • Article Fifth. On the Ownership of Authors
            • Article Sixth. On the Ownership of Clerics
          • Question Third. On the Acquisition of Ownership
            • Article First. On Occupation
            • Article Fourth. On Labor
            • Article Fifth. On Prescription
        • Chapter Second. On the Injury of Ownership
          • Question First. On Injury in General
          • Question Second. On the Unjust Taking Away of a Thing
            • Article First. On the Nature of Theft
              • Section 1. Extreme Necessity
              • Section 2. Hidden Compensation
          • Question Third. On Unjust Damaging
        • Chapter Third. On the Reparation of Injured Ownership
          • Question First. On Restitution in General
            • Article First. On the Possessor in Good Faith
            • Article Second. On the Possessor in Bad Faith
            • Article Third. On the Possessor in Doubtful Faith
          • Question Third. On Restitution Because of Unjust Damaging
            • Article First. Required Conditions
              • Section 1. A Truly Unjust Action
              • Section 2. An Efficacious Cause of Damage
              • Section 3. Theologically Culpable
            • Article Second. On Doubtful Damaging or Damaging Performed with Error
            • Article Third. On Certain Acts of Damaging in Particular
              • Section 1. On Damaging in Spiritual Goods
              • Section 2. On Damaging Because of Homicide
              • Section 3. On Damaging Because of Stuprum or Fornication
              • Section 4. On Damaging Because of Adultery
              • Section 5. On Damaging Because of Injured Law of Military Service
              • Section 6. On Damaging Because of Defrauded Taxes
          • Question Fourth. On Restitution Because of Unjust Cooperation
            • Article First. On Unjust Cooperation in General
            • Article Second. On the One Commanding
            • Article Third. On the One Counseling
            • Article Fourth. On the One Consenting
            • Article Fifth. On the Flatterer, the Receiver, and the Participant
            • Article Sixth. On Negative Cooperations
              • Section 1. On the Quantity of Restitution
              • Section 2. On the Order of Restitution
          • Question Fifth. On the Circumstances of Restitution
            • Article Second. In What Order Restitution Must Be Made
              • Section 1. The Order Among Creditors from Positive Law
              • Section 2. The Order Among Creditors from Natural Law
            • Article Third. How Restitution Must Be Made
            • Article Fourth. When Restitution Must Be Made
          • Question Sixth. On Causes Excusing from Restitution
            • Article First. On Condonation
            • Article Second. On Impotence
            • Article Third. On Cession of Goods
            • Article Fourth. On Composition
        • Chapter Fourth. On Contracts
          • Question First. On Contracts in General
            • Article First. On the Nature of Contracts
            • Article Second. On the Matter of Contracts
            • Article Third. On Capable Persons
              • Section 1. On the Qualities of Consent
              • Section 2. On the Vices of Consent
            • Article Fifth. On the Cause of Consent
            • Article Sixth. On the Obligation of Contracts
            • Article First. On Promise
            • Article Second. On Donation
              • Section 1. On Hereditary Succession
              • Section 2. On Last Wills Themselves
              • Section 3. On Testaments Themselves
            • Article First. On Deposit
            • Article Second. On Commodatum
            • Article Third. On Mandate
            • Article Fourth. On Mutuum
              • Section 1. On the Nature of Mutuum
              • Section 2. On Pecuniary Mutuum
              • Section 3. On Interest and Usury
              • Section 4. On the Prohibition of Usury
            • Article Fifth. On Purchase and Sale
              • Section 1. On Purchase and Sale in General
              • Section 2. On the Obligations of Seller and Buyer
              • Section 3. On the Just Price
              • Section 4. On Sales in Species
            • Article Sixth. On Location
              • Section 1. On Location
              • Section 2. On Hiring
              • Section 3. On Hiring of a Work
            • Article Seventh. On the Contract of Partnership
            • Article Eighth. On Exchange of Money
          • Question Fourth. On Aleatory Contracts
            • Article First. On Wagering
            • Article Second. On Game
            • Article Third. On Lottery
            • Article Fourth. On Insurance
              • On Life Insurance
            • Article Fifth. On Stock-Exchange Speculations
      • Book Seventh. On the Eighth Precept of the Decalogue
        • Question First. On Veracity and Fidelity
        • Question Second. On Lesion of Truth
          • Article First. On Lying
          • Article Second. On Amphibology and Mental Restriction
        • Question Third. On Lesion of Reputation
          • Article First. On the Right to Honor and Reputation
          • Article Second. On Detraction and Calumny
          • Article Third. On the Licit Revelation of Another's Crime
          • Article Fourth. On One Hearing Detraction
          • Article Fifth. On Restitution of Reputation
        • Question Fourth. On Injury to Honor
          • Article First. On Rash Judgment
          • Article Second. On Insult
        • Question Fifth. On Violation of Secret
          • On the Letters of Others
    • Part Third. On the Precepts of the Church
      • Book First. On Abstinence and Fasting
        • Question First. On the Precept of Abstinence
          • Article First. On Abstinence from Flesh Meat
          • Article Second. On Other Prohibited Foods
        • Question Second. On the Precept of Fasting
          • Article First. On the Precept of Fasting Itself
          • Article Second. On the One Meal
          • Article Third. On Causes Excusing from Fasting
          • Article Fourth. On Dispensation from Abstinence and Fasting
      • Book Second. On Annual Confession and Paschal Communion
        • Question First. On Annual Confession
        • Question Second. On Paschal Communion
      • Book Third. On the Prohibition of Books
        • Question First. On the Prohibition of Books in General
        • Question Third. On the Censorship of Books
      • Book Fourth. On the Support of Pastors and Cremation of Corpses
        • Question First. On the Precept of Supporting Pastors
        • Question Second. On the Prohibition of Cremating Corpses
    • Part Fourth. On Particular Precepts
      • Question First. On the Judge and Jurors
      • Question Second. On the Plaintiff and Accuser
      • Question Third. On the Defendant
      • Question Fourth. On the Advocate
      • Question Fifth. On Witnesses
        • On Hypnotism
      • Book Second. On the Precepts of Clerics
        • Question First. On Vocation to the Clerical State
        • Question Second. On the Obligation of Reciting the Divine Office
          • Article First. On the Divine Office
          • Article Third. On the Form of the Divine Office
          • Article Fourth. On the Mode of Reciting the Divine Office (continued)
          • Article Fifth. On Causes Excusing from Recitation of the Office
        • Question Third. On the Obligation of Expending Superfluous Goods
    • Index of Subjects
  • Volume III. On the Sacraments
    • Title Pages
    • Contents (as printed)
    • Introduction
    • Book First. On the Sacraments in General
      • Question First. On the Nature of the Sacraments
      • Question First. On the Nature of the Sacraments
      • Question Second. On the Matter and Form of the Sacraments
      • Question Third. On the Minister of the Sacraments
        • Article First. On the Minister Himself
          • Section 1. On the Faith and Power of the Minister
          • Section 2. On the Attention of the Minister
          • Section 3. On the Intention of the Minister
        • Article Third. On the Repetition of the Sacraments
        • Article Fourth. On the Requisites for Licit Administration
        • Article Sixth. On the Obligation of Denying the Sacraments
      • Question Fourth. On the Subject of the Sacraments
        • Article First. On Receiving the Sacraments Validly
        • Article Second. On Receiving the Sacraments Licitly
      • Question Fifth. On Sacramentals
        • Article First. On the Nature of Sacramentals
        • Article Second. On the Effects of Sacramentals
          • Section 1. On Blessings
          • Section 2. On Exorcisms
    • Book Second. On Baptism
      • Question First. On the Nature of Baptism
      • Question Second. On the Matter and Form of Baptism
        • Article First. On the Matter of Baptism
        • Article Second. On the Form of Baptism
      • Question Third. On the Minister of Baptism
        • Article First. On Infants to Be Baptized
        • Article Second. On Fetuses to Be Baptized
        • Article Third. On Adults to Be Baptized
      • Question Fifth. On Sponsors of Baptism
      • Question Sixth. On the Ceremonies of Baptism
    • Book Third. On Confirmation
      • Question First. On the Nature of Confirmation
      • Question Second. On the Matter and Form of Confirmation
      • Question Third. On the Minister of Confirmation
      • Question Fourth. On the Subject of Confirmation
      • Question Fifth. On the Ceremonies of Confirmation
    • Book Fourth. On the Eucharist
      • Chapter First. On the Eucharist as Sacrament
        • Question First. On the Nature and Effects of the Eucharist
          • Article First. On the Nature of the Eucharist
          • Article Second. On the Effects of the Eucharist
        • Question Second. On the Matter of the Eucharist
          • Article First. On the Remote Matter
        • Question Third. On the Form of the Eucharist
        • Question Fourth. On the Minister of the Eucharist
          • Article First. On the Power of Ministering the Eucharist
        • Question Fifth. On the Subject of the Eucharist
          • Article First. On the Subject Itself of the Eucharist
          • Article Second. On the Necessity of the Eucharist
          • Article Third. On the Disposition of the Soul
          • Article Fifth. On Frequent Communion
      • Chapter Second. On the Eucharist as Sacrifice
        • Question Second. On the Value and Fruits of the Sacrifice of the Mass
          • Article First. On the Fruits of the Sacrifice of the Mass
          • Article Second. On the Value of the Sacrifice
        • Question Third. On the Application of the Sacrifice of the Mass
          • Article First. On the Application Itself
          • Article Second. On the Manner of Application
        • Question V. On the place of celebration.
        • Question VI. On the time of celebration.
          • Article I.
          • Article II.
        • Question VII. On the rite of celebration.
    • Book Fifth. On Penance.
      • Chapter First. On Penance Itself.
        • Question First. On the nature of penance.
          • Article First. On the virtue of penance.
          • Article Second. On the sacrament of penance.
        • Question Second. On the matter of penance.
          • Article First. On remote matter.
          • Article Second. On proximate matter.
        • Question Third. On the form of penance.
        • Question Fourth. On the remission of sins.
          • Article First. On the condition required for remission.
          • Article Second. On the remission itself of sin.
          • Article Third. On the remission of venial sin.
            • Section 2. On Remission as to Punishment.
      • Chapter II. On the Subject of Penance.
        • Question I. On Contrition.
          • Article I. On the Nature of Contrition.
          • Article II. On the Necessity of Contrition.
          • Article III. On the Qualities of Contrition.
          • Article IV. On Purpose.
        • Question II. On Confession.
          • Article I. On Confession Itself.
          • Article II. On the Integrity of Confession.
          • Article III. On Causes Excusing from Integrity.
          • Article IV. On the Means of Procuring Integrity.
            • Section 1. On Examination of Conscience.
            • Section 2. On the Repetition of an Invalid Confession.
          • Article V. On the Absolution of the Dying.
        • Question III. On Satisfaction.
          • Article I. On the Nature of Satisfaction.
          • Article II. On Imposing Satisfaction.
          • Article III. On Accepting and Fulfilling Satisfaction.
          • Article IV. On Commuting Satisfaction.
        • Question IV. On Indulgences.
          • Article I. On the Nature of Indulgences.
          • Article II. On the Conditions for Gaining Indulgences.
          • Article III. On the Indulgence of a Privileged Altar.
          • Article IV. On the Indulgence in the Article of Death.
          • Article V. On the Indulgence of the Jubilee.
      • Chapter III. On the Minister of Penance.
        • Question I. On the Minister and His Power.
          • Article I. On the Minister and His Power in General.
          • Article II. On Jurisdiction.
          • Article III. On the Jurisdiction Which the Church Supplies.
          • Article IV. On Jurisdiction over Religious.
          • Article V. On Jurisdiction over Religious Women.
        • Question II. On the Restriction of Jurisdiction.
          • Article I. On the Reservation of Cases.
            • Section 1. Concerning Absolution from Episcopal Cases.
            • Section 2. Concerning Absolution from Papal Cases.
          • Article Three. Concerning Absolution of One's Own Accomplice.
          • Article Four. Concerning Solicitation in Confession.
        • Question Three. Concerning the Obligations of the Minister.
          • Article One. Concerning the Knowledge of the Confessor.
          • Article Two. Concerning the Obligation of Teaching and Warning Penitents.
          • Article Three. Concerning the Obligation of Questioning Penitents.
            • Section 1. Concerning the Obligation of Knowing the Cause.
            • Section 2. Concerning the Obligation of Judging the Disposition.
            • Section 3. Concerning the Obligation of Absolving.
          • Article Five. Concerning Absolving Habitual Sinners.
          • Article Six. Concerning Absolving Recidivists.
          • Article Seven. Concerning Absolving Occasionaries.
          • Article Eight. Concerning the Obligation of Correcting Defects.
          • Article Nine. Concerning the Obligation of Preserving the Sacramental Seal.
            • Section 1. Concerning the Obligation of the Seal.
            • Section 2. Concerning the Subject of the Seal.
            • Section 3. Concerning the Matter of the Seal.
            • Section 4. Concerning Injury to the Seal.
        • Appendix I. Concerning Particular Occasions.
          • Article Two. Concerning Dances.
          • Article Three. Concerning Spectacles.
        • Appendix II. Concerning General Confession.
    • Book VI. Concerning Extreme Unction.
      • Question One. Concerning the Nature of Extreme Unction.
      • Question Two. Concerning the Matter of Extreme Unction.
      • Question Three. Concerning the Form of Extreme Unction.
      • Question Four. Concerning the Minister of Extreme Unction.
      • Question Five. Concerning the Subject of Extreme Unction.
    • Book VII. Concerning Order.
      • Question One. Concerning the Nature of Order.
        • Article One. Concerning the Nature Itself of Order.
        • Article Two. Concerning the Effects of Order.
      • Question Two. Concerning the Matter and Form of Order.
      • Question Three. Concerning the Minister of Order.
      • Question Four. Concerning the Subject of Order.
        • Article One. Concerning the Subject Itself.
        • Article Three. Concerning the Requisites Before Ordination.
        • Article Four. Concerning the Requisites in Ordination.
      • Question Five. Concerning Impediments to Ordination.
        • Article One. Concerning Irregularities in General.
          • Section 1. Defect of Legitimate Birth.
          • Section 2. Defect of Body.
          • Section 3. Defect of Soul.
          • Section 4. Defect of Sacrament.
          • Section 5. Defect of Reputation.
          • Section 6. Defect of Lenity.
        • Article Three. Concerning Irregularities from Delict.
          • Section 1. Defection from Faith.
          • Section 2. Baptism Received from an Acatholic.
          • Section 3. Attempted Marriage.
          • Section 4. Homicide, Procurement of Abortion.
          • Section 5. Mutilation, Attempt of Suicide.
          • Section 6. Exercise of Medical or Surgical Art.
          • Section 7. Abuse of Order.
        • Article Four. Concerning Simple Impediments.
    • Book Eight. On Matrimony.
      • Question One. On the Nature of Matrimony.
        • Article One. On Its Nature Itself.
        • Article Two. On Matrimony as It Is a Sacrament.
        • Article Three. On the Divisions of Matrimony.
        • Article Four. On the Power of the Church Over Matrimony.
        • Article One. On the Unity of Matrimony.
        • Article Two. On the Indissolubility of Matrimony.
          • Section 1. On the Ratified Matrimony of the Faithful.
          • Section 2. On the Consummated Matrimony of Infidels.
      • Question Three. On Betrothals.
        • Article One. On the Promise of Matrimony.
        • Article Two. On the Nature of the Promise of Matrimony.
        • Article Three. On the Effects of Betrothals.
        • Article Four. On the Dissolution of Betrothals.
          • Section 1. Causes on Account of Which Betrothals Are Dissolved by Law Itself.
          • Section 2. Causes on Account of Which It Is Licit to Rescind Betrothals.
        • Article One. On the Examination of the Betrothed.
        • Article Two. On the Proclamations of Matrimony.
      • Question Five. On the Impediments of Matrimony.
        • Article One. On Impediments in General.
          • Section 1. Vow.
          • Section 2. Mixed Religion.
          • Section 3. Legal Relationship.
        • Article Three. On Diriment Impediments.
          • Section 1. Age.
          • Section 2. Impotence.
            • On Hermaphroditism.
          • Section 3. Bond.
          • Section 4. Disparity of Cult.
          • Section 5. Sacred Order.
          • Section 6. Solemn Vow.
          • Section 7. Abduction.
          • Section 8. Crime.
          • Section 9. Consanguinity.
          • Section 10. Affinity.
          • Section 11. Public Honesty.
          • Section 12. Spiritual Relationship.
          • Section 13. Legal Relationship.
      • Question Six. On Matrimonial Dispensations.
        • Article One. On Dispensation Itself.
          • Section 1. On the Power of the Supreme Pontiff.
          • Section 2. On the Power of the Ordinary.
          • Section 3. On the Power of the Parish Priest and Confessor.
          • Section 4. On the Use of Delegated Faculties.
        • Article Three. On the Causes of Dispensing.
        • Article Four. On the Mode of Seeking Dispensation.
        • Article Five. On the Mode of Granting and Executing Dispensation.
      • Question Seven. On Matrimonial Consent.
        • Article One. On the Nature and Properties of Consent.
        • Article Two. On Conditioned Consent.
          • Section 1. Error.
          • Section 2. Force or Fear.
          • Section 1. Effects with Regard to the Spouses.
          • Section 2. Effects with Regard to Children.
      • Question Eight. On the Form of the Celebration of Matrimony.
        • Article One. On the Competent Parish Priest.
        • Article Two. On the Delegated Priest.
        • Article Three. On Witnesses.
        • Article Four. On Those Who Are Held by This Form.
        • Article Five. When the Obligation to the Form Ceases.
        • Article One. On the Time of Celebration.
        • Article Two. On the Place of Celebration.
        • Article Three. On the Contracting Parties.
        • Article Four. On the Assisting Parish Priest.
        • Article Five. On the Matrimonial Rite.
        • Article Six. On the Celebration of Mixed Matrimony.
        • Article Seven. On Inscribing the Matrimony.
      • Question Ten. On the Revalidation of Matrimony.
        • Article Two. On Sanation in the Root.
        • Article Two. On Separation from a Cause of One Party.
        • Article Three. On Civil Separation.
      • Appendix I. On Civil Matrimony.
      • Appendix II. Excommunications.
    • Index of Subjects

Article — Noldin, Summa of Moral Theology

Article Fourth. On Mutuum

Contents

  • Section 1. On the Nature of Mutuumnn. 575–578
  • Section 2. On Pecuniary Mutuumnn. 579–581
  • Section 3. On Interest and Usurynn. 582–584
  • Section 4. On the Prohibition of Usurynn. 585–586

Under the patronage of St. Alphonsus Liguori, Doctor of the Church

Morals of the Church — a library of classic manuals of Catholic moral theology in English.

Texts presented for study and reference. In whatever touches your own conscience, seek out a confessor and the spiritual guidance of a priest — as the manuals themselves counsel: “If a person has time to resolve his hesitation, he should not trust to common sense, but should consult moral theology, if he is competent to understand and apply it, or should have recourse to his confessor, if he is not a theologian” (McHugh–Callan, n. 656).

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