Index of Subjects

The marginal numbers in this index are clickable links to the corresponding sections in the translation. The marginal number is indicated.

Abortion: what it is and of how many kinds, 342; how it differs from acceleration of birth, 342; how far it is illicit, 343.

Abstinence: abstinence from flesh meat does not belong to the essence of fasting, 681; what the precept of abstinence prohibits, 673; on what days and whom it obliges, 674; when it is gravely violated, 674; who are excused from it, 676; when abstinence from eggs and milk foods is to be observed, 677; from mixture of foods, 678; who can dispense from the precept of abstinence, 688; whether one may use the dispensation several times on the same day, 689.

Accession: what it is and of how many kinds, 394; whose the thing is which by accession is joined to another thing, 394 ss.

Accuser: who he is, 729; when the obligation of accusing exists, 730.

Plaintiff: who he is, 729; proof is incumbent on him, 729.

Adjuration: what it is, 257; of how many kinds, 258; whether it induces an obligation, 259; what conditions are required for it, 259.

Adoration: what it is, 135; how far it is prescribed, 137.

Adultery: who must repair the damages arising from it, 472; what damages he must repair, 473; how he must repair them, 474.

Advocate: how far he is held to defend the causes of the poor gratis, 92; his obligations, 735; what is lawful for him in criminal and civil causes, 736; how far he can use a fictitious document, 736; to what he is held toward his client, 737; how great a fee he can demand, 738.

Unjust aggressor: who he is, 332; whether an infant who tries to come forth and cannot is an unjust aggressor, 340; how far he can be killed, 332 ss.; see Killing.

Love: what it signifies; how it differs from charity, 53, 54; love of benevolence, of concupiscence, of friendship, 54.

Amphibology: what it is, 639; from a just cause it is lawful, 640.

Apostasy: from faith, from religion, from order, from obedience: what it is, 28.

Insurance: what it is, 627; what is required for its justice, 628; what damages the insurer must compensate, 629; how restitution must be made to an insurance society, 512.

Life insurance: in two ways it is usually entered into, 630; what is required for its justice, 630; how far the insured must disclose his defects, 631; workers' insurance, 631*.

Vain assumption of the name of God: its malice, 201.

Author: who he is, 379; his right in his public lectures and speeches, in his work already published, and not yet published, 379.

War: what it is and of how many kinds, 351; how far it is lawful, 352; what things are lawful or prohibited in a just war, 352; conditions required for the justice of war, 353.

Booksellers: how far they cooperate in sin by selling bad books, 126; what is prescribed to them concerning bad books, 707.

Blasphemy: what it is, 202; of how many kinds, 203; its malice, 204; conditions required for true blasphemy, 205; what formulas contain blasphemy, 206; in how many ways it is committed, 207.

Goods: of how many orders they are, 80, 357; goods of the family, 376; free and non-free goods of children, 374; dotal, extradotal, and common goods of wives, 376; ecclesiastical, quasi-ecclesiastical, and patrimonial goods of clerics, 380.

Superfluous and necessary goods: necessary for life and for state, 90.

Goods of the Church: what they are, 180.

Good faith: what it is in prescription, 403; what good faith is required for prescribing, 403; see Possessor.

Breviary: which breviary is to be used in recitation of the divine office, 760.

Bull of the Crusade: what it contains, 691.

Stock exchange: what it is and of how many kinds, 632; stock-exchange speculations for a term and for a premium, 632; whether stock-exchange speculations are lawful, 633; sins which are usually connected with them, 633.

Calumny: see Detraction.

Exchange: what the contract of exchange is and how it differs from mutuum, 616; of how many kinds it is, 616; conditions required for its justice, 617.

Charity: what it is, 54; special and common signs of charity, 81; order of charity, see Order.

Charity of God: as a virtue and as an act, what it is, 53; of how many kinds, 54; its degrees, 54; its practice, 56; its efficacy, 57; sins against the charity of God, 69 ss.

Charity of self: what it is and of how many kinds, 65; what it demands, 66 ss.; sins against charity of self, 70.

Charity of neighbor: what it is and of how many kinds, 71; how far it is prescribed, 72; external charity, 86; how far it demands that one sinning from ignorance be admonished, 98; sins against charity of neighbor, 99 ss.

Object of the charity of God: material and formal, 55.

Necessity of charity: of means and of precept, 58.

Precept of charity: when it obliges of itself, 59; when by accident, 61.

Precept of charity of neighbor: whether it exists, 72; what it demands, 72.

Flesh meat: what comes under the name of flesh meat in the ecclesiastical sense, 675; on what days flesh meat with fish is prohibited, 678.

Castration: whether it is lawful, 328.

Innkeepers: how far they cooperate in sin by furnishing prohibited foods, serving wine, and offering bad newspapers, 125; receivers, 493.

Cause of damage: per se, per accidens, 456; how far it differs from a condition and occasion, 456.

Pious causes: what are called such, 783; how they can be distinguished from profane causes, 783.

Censorship of books: of how many kinds, 708; what writings need previous censorship, 709; who must pass it, 710; regulars as to the censorship of books, 711.

Cession of goods: what it is and of how many kinds, 518; what one making cession can retain for himself, 519; whether it entirely extinguishes the obligation of paying debt, 519.

Dances: how far they are cooperation in the sins of others, 128.

Citizens: their obligations toward the ruler and the republic, 312; how far they are held to elect deputies, 323; whom they must elect, 324; whether they can elect an unworthy man, 325.

Clerics: who they are, 750; their diverse goods, 380; what ownership they have of goods, 381; that they not publish books without consulting the ordinaries, 711; that they not take up the management of newspapers or periodicals without the ordinary's license, 711; how far they must be proved for admission to orders, 752; whether those habituated in shameful sin can receive sacred order, 752; how far they are held to expend superfluous goods on pious causes, 779; from what virtue they are held to this, 781; how they must expend them, 782; what they can spend under the title of suitable support, 780.

Codicil: what it is, 557.

Evening collation: quantity and quality of foods permitted in it, 683.

Commodatum: what it is, 568; how it differs from precarium, 568; obligations of the borrower, 569; of the lender, 570.

Communication: civil, religious; active, passive; formal, material; public, private, 34; how far communication with unbelievers is prohibited, 35; with Jews, 36; with heretics, 37, 38; in the same church, in baptism, in weddings, in rites, in burial, 39.

Paschal communion: whom the precept of Paschal communion obliges, 694; when it urges and how it must be fulfilled, 695; where it must be fulfilled, 696; whether he satisfies who in Paschal time receives Viaticum, 696.

First communion: at what age children are to be admitted to it, 697; who must judge concerning their fitness, 697.

Occult compensation: what it is, 426; whether it is lawful, 426; conditions required for it, 427; of servants, 428.

Composition: what it is, 520; for extinguishing uncertain debts, 521; for retaining ecclesiastical goods, 522.

Competition for benefices: of how many kinds, 454; whether it confers a right to the benefice, 455.

Condonation: how far it excuses from making restitution, 515; when it can be presumed, 515.

Hiring: what it is and how far it differs from mandate, 609; how far it is lawful and prescribed, 609; to what the contractor of a work is held, 613; see Wages.

Confessor: how far he is held to restitution who did not admonish a penitent concerning making it, or unduly obliged him to make it, 497.

Annual confession: whom the precept of annual confession obliges, 692; how it must be fulfilled, 693.

Spouses: their mutual obligations, 282; their ownership, 376 ss.

Conscription: universal and particular, 319; how far it is just, 320.

Consenter: who he is, 489; to what he is held as regards an unjust vote, 490; as regards the person damaged, 491.

Counsel: of how many kinds, 483; to what he is held who gives wicked counsel, 484; how far damages arising from doctrinal counsel must be repaired, 488.

One giving counsel: who he is, 483; how far he differs from one commanding, 483; to what he is held who gave harmful counsel, 484; to what he is held toward the person damaged, 485; toward the executor, 486.

Contract: what it is, 523; essential requisites, 523; of how many kinds, 524; what a quasi-contract is, 524; conditions required on the part of the matter, 525; concerning a thing already due from elsewhere, 527; concerning a shameful thing, 538; what persons can enter a contract, 528; how far contracts of minors are valid, 529; a contract entered into from error, 536; from fear, 537; what aleatory contracts are and how they differ from conditional contracts, 618.

Contract, consent: what the cause of consent is and of how many kinds, 538; of what quality it must be, 530; how far it must be simultaneous, 532; whether silence is a sign of consent, 533; at what moment contracts between absent persons are perfected, 533; what the defects of consent are, 534; see Error, Fear.

Contract, obligation: how many kinds are distinguished, 539; its quality and gravity, 539; what obligation contracts produce which civil law annuls, 356; what an oath added to a contract effects, 540; how far a contract entered under condition is valid, 541; under a mode, 542; under a cause, 543; under a demonstration, 544; to a day, 545; see Partnership.

Insult: what it is and how it can be inflicted, 662; its malice, 663; how the gravity of matter is to be determined, 664.

Cooperation: in sin: what it is, 116; how it differs from scandal and induction, 116; of how many kinds, 117; what cooperation is lawful and what unlawful, 118; conditions required for the lawfulness of material cooperation, 119 ss.; cooperation in false rites, 122; of craftsmen and merchants, 123; with bad newspapers, 124; of innkeepers, 125; of booksellers, 126; of printers, 127; through dances, 128; of servants, 129.

Cooperation in injustice: of how many kinds, 477; how far it is lawful, 118; it induces the obligation of making restitution, 478; what positive and negative cooperations are, 479, 495 ss.

Heart: how far puncture of the heart is lawful, 339.

Fraternal correction: what it is, 94; how it differs from paternal and judicial correction, 94; its obligation, 95; conditions required in order that it oblige, 96; order to be observed in it, 97; whether one who sins from ignorance must be admonished, 98.

Craniotomy: whether it is lawful, 340.

Cremation of corpses: prohibited by the Church, 716; why she introduced burial, 716; how far it furnishes a reason for denying the sacraments and ecclesiastical burial, 717.

Crime: occult, public, 649; when it is lawful to reveal an occult crime, 650; what conditions must be observed, 650; how far it is lawful to reveal a public crime, 651.

Crystal-gazing: what it is, 154.

Fault: theological, juridical, 458; juridical grave, light, very light, 458; theological fault is required for the obligation of restitution, 459; when juridical fault suffices, 459; what obligation light fault induces, 434 s.

Worship: what it is, 135; of how many kinds, 136; false worship, 149; superfluous worship, 150.

Demon: what kind of sin a pact with him is, 154; usurpation of his name, 201.

Damaging: what it is and how it is compensated, 81.

Unjust damaging: of how many kinds, 429; how far he sins who impedes another from obtaining a good, 430; what must be restored because of damaging, 453; under what conditions it induces the obligation of restitution, 454; because of damaging arising from error, 462; because of doubtful damaging, 460; because of damaging in spiritual goods, 464; because of homicide, 465; because of seduction or fornication, 469; because of adultery, 472; because of violated military law, 475; because of defrauded taxes, 476; how far he is held to restitution who did not impede it, 496.

Debts: whether debts left by a father must be paid by a son, 288.

Decalogue: its division and importance, 130.

Defect: substantial, accidental, 590; what defects must be disclosed in sale, 590; in life insurance, 630.

Defrauder of tax: whether he is held to restitution, 476.

Denunciation: what evangelical denunciation is, 94; whether students are held to it, 97; when the obligation of judicial denunciation exists, 730.

Deposit: what it is, 564; obligations of the depositary, 565; of the depositor, 566.

Deputies: their obligations, 311; how far they must be elected, 323; who must be elected, 324; whether the unworthy can be elected, 325; see Citizens.

Desire: whether desire of death is a sin, 48, 329; whether desire of living forever is against hope, 49.

Despair: what it is, 49; simple, qualified, 52; its malice, 50; it does not admit smallness of matter, 50.

Detraction, calumny: what it is and of how many kinds, 644; its malice, 645; how its gravity is to be determined, 646; how far it differs specifically from calumny, 648; how many sins one detracting before many persons commits, 648; how far one hearing detraction sins, 654.

Pupils: their obligations toward teachers, 308.

Disputation: with heretics: how far it is lawful, 41.

Divination: what it is and of how many kinds, 153; its malice, 155; how far the divining rod is lawful, 158.

Masters, employers: their obligations toward servants or workers, 303 ss.

Ownership: what it is, 357; principles deduced from ownership, 358; of how many kinds it is, 359; how far internal goods are its object, 364; mixed goods, 365; in external things, 368; its acquisition, 382 ss.; its subject, 367; by what modes it is acquired, 382.

Donation: what it is, 548; of how many kinds, 549; how far a donation made by a debtor is valid, 548; under what conditions it is valid, 550, 93; what effects it produces, 551; when it can be revoked, 551; what a donation mortis causa is and how far it is valid, 559.

Doubt: in faith: why it is possible, why unlawful, 33; why it is lawful for heretics, 33; whether it is heresy, 33; how those doubting concerning faith are to be treated, 33; see Heresy.

Duel: what it is, 347; of how many kinds, 348; whether it is lawful by private or public authority, 349; academic duel, true duel, 350; penalties brought upon duelists, 350; obligation of restitution arising from duel, 468.

Church: by what sins it is polluted, 178; how far holiness and immunity belong to it, 178.

Alms: what it is, 89; its precept, 90; how it obliges in extreme, grave, and common necessity, 91 ss.; whether taxes can count as alms, 93.

Emancipation: when and how it happens, 372; of women, 285.

Purchase-sale: what it is and at what time it transfers ownership, 587; of how many kinds, 588; to what the seller is held as regards the thing to be sold, 589; as regards disclosure of defects, 590; as regards delivery of the thing, 591; as regards insurance, 592; whether sale of another's thing, of an adulterated thing, is valid, 589; to what the buyer is held, 593.

Bad newspapers: whether it is lawful to read them, to help them by inserted articles or notices, to sell them, to offer them to guests, 124, 125; they are prohibited by positive law, 712; ecclesiastical men need license to manage newspapers, 711; how far writers of newspapers may reveal the crimes of others, 652.

Error: of how many kinds, 535; how far it invalidates contracts, 536.

Tax collectors: to what they are held, 318; how far they must make restitution, 476.

Reputation: what it is and of how many kinds, 66, 642; right to true and false reputation, 643; who have a right to reputation, 643; whether it is lawful to defame oneself, 66; how it is injured, 644.

Restitution of reputation: to be made by the detractor and calumniator, 655; how it must be made by them, 656; what causes excuse from it, 657.

Family: by what societies it is constituted; obligations within the family, 281.

Servants: how far they can cooperate in the sins of masters, 129; their relation to a master, 300; their obligations toward masters, 301; whether they are held to impede damages to be inflicted on masters, 302; when their thefts from masters are grave, 417; whether occult compensation against masters is lawful for them, 428; their obligation toward a master burdened with debt, 508.

Women: their emancipation, 285 s.; just wage, 612.

Feast days: how far the precept of sanctifying feasts is natural, divine, and ecclesiastical, 260; to what it obliges, 261.

Fidelity: what it is; whence its obligation arises and how it obliges, 635.

Faith: what it is; how it differs from opinion and from knowledge, 3; as a virtue, as an act, what it is, 3; it must be universal, 4; formed, unformed; internal, external; divine, Catholic; explicit, implicit; formal, virtual, 6; when internal faith obliges, 14; sins against faith, 25 ss.; doubt in faith, 33.

Actual faith: necessary by necessity of means and of precept, 7 s.; what truths are necessary by necessity of means, 10; by necessity of precept, 11.

Object of faith: material, formal, 4.

Subject of faith: what it is, 3.

Habit of faith: when it is lost, 3.

Genesis of faith, 5.

Precept of internal faith: when it obliges of itself, 14; when by accident, 15.

Precept of external faith: when it obliges, 23.

Shame concerning faith: what it is, 16.

Denial of faith: direct, indirect, 16; it is not lawful directly to deny faith, 17; it is sometimes lawful indirectly, 22; in how many ways faith can be denied, 18; it is lawful to conceal faith, 19, 20.

Persecution of faith: whether it is lawful to flee in it, 21.

Fideicommissum: what it is, 558; how it differs from a family fideicommissum, 558.

Children: of how many kinds they are, 287; their obligations, 287 ss.; whether they can enter religion when parents are placed in necessity, 288; whether they are held to pay a father's debts, 288; how far they are held to obey parents, 289; in choosing a state of life, 290.

Illegitimate children: who are so called, 287; their relation to parents, 292.

Sons under paternal power: who they are, 372; in what goods they have ownership, 373; whether those laboring at home can demand a wage, 374; how far they can dispose of goods conceded to them, 375; as regards thefts committed against parents, 417.

Interest: what it is and of how many kinds, 582; what the measure of lawful interest is, 583; formerly prohibited by the Church, 585; why now lawful, 586.

Fetus: who is so called, 342; mature, immature; animated, inanimate, 342; ectopic, 341.

Fornication: how far it induces the obligation of restitution, 471.

Fruits: what they are and of how many kinds, 363; industrial fruits are not to be restored; when natural and civil fruits are to be restored, 411, 447.

Sacred functions: whether it is simony to accept payment for them, 198.

Civil funerals: whether it is lawful to be present at them, 109.

Theft: what it is, 414; how far it differs from robbery, 413; its malice, 414; relatively and absolutely grave matter of theft, 415 s.; domestic thefts, 417; thefts of exposed things, 418; of things belonging to several persons, 423; small thefts, 419; when matter taken by thefts coalesces, 420 ss.; what excuses from theft, 424 ss.

Management of affairs: what it is, 574.

Habitation: to what it serves, 66.

Heresy: what it is, 29; material, formal, 30; its malice, 31; whether faith can be denied without formal heresy, 33; whether denying a proposition condemned by the Church is heresy, 32; whether denying a private revelation is heresy, 32; whether doubt concerning faith is heresy, 33.

Heretics: whether it is lawful to communicate with them, 37; to enter their churches, to be present at their functions and weddings, 39; to accompany their funerals, 39; to dispute with them, 40; to call a heretical minister to a dying person, 122.

Inheritance: what it is; in how many ways it can be acquired, 552; in two ways it can be accepted, 555.

Heir: who is so called, 552; universal, particular, 403; ab intestato, from testament; necessary; legitimate, 553; he is held to accept an inheritance, 555; his obligations, 555; he must fulfill the vows of the deceased, 224; whether he is held to restore ecclesiastical goods accepted from a cleric, 781.

Historians: how far it is lawful for them to record in writings and make known the crimes of the dead, 653.

Homicide: what it is, 336; of how many kinds, 337; its diverse species, 337; how far the obligation of making restitution arises from it, 466 ss.; toward creditors of the slain person, 467; see Killing.

Honor: what it is, 66, 642; how it differs from worship, 131; right to honor, 643; how far and how injured honor must be repaired, 665; whether pardon must be sought in order to repair honor, 665.

Hypnotism: what it is, 747; its phenomena, 747; whether they are produced by natural powers, 748; it is of itself unlawful, 749; how far it can lawfully be practiced, 749.

Idolatry: what it is and of how many kinds, 151; its malice, 152.

Indifferentism: why it is evil, 33.

Induction: what it is, 110; how it differs from direct and indirect scandal, 110; its malice, 111; whether it is lawful to ask for what another does not furnish without sin, 112; whether it is lawful to persuade a lesser evil to one determined to commit a greater one, 113; whether it is lawful to place an occasion of sinning, 114.

Clothing: to what it serves, 66.

Infidelity: what it is; negative, privative, positive, 26; its malice, 27.

Enemy: who is so called, 81; he is prescribed to be loved, 82; how far common and special signs of charity are to be shown to him, 82; precept of reconciliation, 84; mode of reconciliation, 85.

Injury: what it is and how it is compensated, 81, 408; of how many kinds, 409; its malice, 410; how far no injury is done to one knowing and consenting, 411.

Religious instruction: whether it is a sacred thing, 39; heretical instruction cannot be frequented, 39; whether it is simony to accept payment for it, 197.

Finding: see Lost Things, Treasure.

Inventor of a new work: his rights, see Author.

Finder of a lost thing: his obligations and rights, 393.

Fasting: how many kinds are distinguished, 679; whether it is of divine or ecclesiastical law, 680; to what and whom it obliges, 680; when grave sin is committed against fasting, 680; on what days it obliges, 680; what the essence of fasting is, 681; time of refreshment on days of fasting, 685; whether it is lawful to anticipate or invert, 685; who are excused from fasting, 687; who can dispense in it, 688.

Breakfast: whether it is lawful on days of fasting, 684; quantity and quality of food permitted in it, 684.

Jews: how far communication with them is prohibited, 37.

Judge: what he is and of how many kinds, 719; what knowledge and jurisdiction he must have, 720; how far a secular judge sins by drawing ecclesiastical causes to his tribunal, 720; whether it is lawful for a judge to demand gifts or accept those spontaneously offered, 721; diligence required in him, 722; he must pass sentence according to law, 722; according to juridical knowledge, 723; what if juridical and private knowledge disagree, 723; what he must do if the cause remains doubtful, 725; whether he can pass sentence according to an unjust law, 726; to what he is held who has passed an unjust sentence, 727; what obligation a judicial sentence produces, 724.

Juror: who is so called, 728; to what he is held, 728; what if juridical and private knowledge disagree, 728.

Rash judgment: what it is, 658; how it differs from rash opinion, suspicion, and doubt, 658; its malice, 659; malice of rash suspicion, 660; when it is grave sin, 661; whether it is lawful so to act as if another were evil, 661.

Oath: what it is, 243; its lawfulness, 244; of how many kinds, 245; conditions of a valid oath, 246; what the formulas of an oath are, 247; conditions of a lawful oath, 248; whether it is lawful to swear with mental restriction, 248; what kind of sin a false oath is, 254; an oath lacking justice, 255; a fictitious oath, 256; whether there are reserved oaths, 239.

Promissory oath: what it is and of how many kinds, 249; its obligation, 250; whether it is valid concerning an evil, useless, or less good thing, 250; how it must be interpreted, 251; how it ceases, 253; how far an oath of fidelity obliges, 252; whether an oath extorted by fear obliges, 250, 252; to what an oath added to a contract obliges, 540.

Right: to labor, 69; in what goods man has a right, 364 s.; how far he has a right to reputation, 642.

Labor: what it is, 67; its importance, 67; how far an obligation of laboring exists, 66; what the right to labor is, 69; how far it is a mode of acquiring ownership, 397 s.; its natural destination, 609.

Milk foods: what they are; when they are prohibited, 677.

Legacy: what it is, 558; when the legatee acquires ownership of it, 558; a pious legacy, by what law it is governed, 556, 558.

Civil law: its value in the matter of justice, 356.

Military law: whether it can be established, 319; what is required for its justice, 319; how far it obliges in conscience, 320; who are exempt from it, 322; whether from its violation an obligation of restitution arises, 475.

Bad books: by the law of nature, which books are prohibited, 698; prohibited by ecclesiastical law, whence they are known, 699; whether the law prohibiting them is of strict interpretation, 699; when grave sin is committed by reading or retaining them, 700; what is understood by the name of book, 701; who can prohibit them, 704; who grants the faculty of reading them, 705; what books are absolutely prohibited, 712; what books under condition, 713; what books are conceded only to some, 714.

Letters: how great a sin it is to read another's letters, 671; when this becomes lawful, 672.

Letting: what it is, of how many kinds, 607; what obligations it induces, 608; obligations as regards the letting of fields, 608; see Hiring.

Sacred, religious, pious place: what it is, 178.

Lottery: what it is, 625; requisites for its justice, 626.

Game: what it is in the juridical sense and in the moral sense, 622; requisites for its justice, 623; for its lawfulness, 624; whether he can retain the gain who forced another to play, 623; who exposed another's thing, 623; see Stock exchange.

Magic: what it is and of how many kinds, 163; its malice, 164; recent magic, 166 ss.; see Turning Tables, Animal Magnetism, Spiritism.

Teachers: their obligations toward pupils, 308; whether they can teach in non-Catholic schools, 299.

Animal magnetism: how far it is lawful to use it, 168.

Cursing: how one sins who curses his neighbor, 101; creatures lacking reason, saints, the devil, 208.

Malefice: whether it exists, 165; what it is and of how many kinds, 163; how it can be removed, 166.

One commanding: who he is, 480; how far he is held to restitution, 480; his obligations toward the person damaged, 481; toward the mandatary, 482; whether he must restore if he revoked the mandate, 481.

Mandate: what the contract of mandate is, 571; obligations of the mandatary, 572; of the mandator, 573.

Husband: his obligations toward his wife, 283; his rights and obligations as regards common goods, 377.

Mother: whether she must nourish offspring with her own milk, 296; whether she is held to undergo Caesarean section for saving offspring, 344.

Magical medicine: what it is; whether it is superstitious, 159.

Physician: his obligation, 743; how far he sins in refusing care of the sick, 743; whether he can furnish a remedy in order to explore its power, 744; whether he lawfully employs hypnotism, 749; how far he is held to warn a sick person concerning the danger of death, 745; how great a stipend he can demand, 746; how far it is lawful to furnish useless remedies, 746.

Lie: what it is, 636; of how many kinds, 637; its malice, 638.

Markets: how far they are prohibited on feast days, 277.

Just wage: individual, familial, 610; a familial wage is owed to the worker, 611; but by no means a share of profit, 611; of women, 612.

Fear: of how many kinds it is; how far it invalidates contracts, 537.

Soldiers: hired, conscripted, 319; their obligations, 321; whether they can flee, 322; whether deserters are held to return, 322; whether it is lawful for them to serve in an unjust war, 354; whether they may take the goods of enemies, 354.

Military service: see Military law.

Mercy: what it is, 86; its object, 86; its precept, 87; its works, 88.

Mass: by what law hearing it is prescribed, 261; with what intention it must be heard, 262; with what attention, 263; what it is to hear an entire Mass, 264; with bodily presence, 265; in what place it must be heard, 266; causes excusing from this precept, 267.

Moderation of blameless defense: what it is, 335; how far it is necessary in defense of oneself, 335.

Monopoly: what it is and of how many kinds, 603; what monopoly is lawful, 604; whether monopoly constituted by agreement of sellers is lawful, 604.

Mutilation of oneself: how far it is illicit, 328; whether it is lawful to castrate oneself, 328.

Mutuum: what the contract of mutuum is, 575; it is not lawful to receive gain by reason of mutuum, 576; it is lawful by reason of an external title, 577; whether it is lawful by reason of the title of civil law, 578.

Pecuniary mutuum: what it is and of how many kinds, 579; whether it is lawful to receive interest from it, 581; when it must be granted gratis, 581.

Necessity: of means and of precept, what it is, 7; corporal, spiritual, 81; light, grave, extreme, 81; what necessity excuses from theft, 424; to what one in extreme need is held, 425; to what the owner is held as regards one in extreme need, 425.

Notaries: those who on feast days draw up authentic documents, 272; those who in documents of sale, etc., declare a lesser price, 317.

Fairs: what fairs are prohibited on feast days, 272.

Obedience: what it is, 280; its material and formal object, 280; whether obedience supposes a precept, 280; when a specific sin of disobedience is committed, 280.

Obligation: how the obligation of fidelity and of justice differ, 547.

Observance: what it is and of how many kinds, 279; how far it differs from piety, 279; its material and formal object, 279.

Vain observance: what it is, 159; of how many kinds, 159; of healings, 159; its malice, 160; how it can be discerned, 161 ss.

Killing oneself: how far it is unlawful, 327.

Killing a criminal: by whom and under what conditions it can be done, 330.

Killing an unjust aggressor: under what conditions it is lawful, 332; whether it is prescribed, 332; for protecting what goods it is lawful, 333 s.

Killing an innocent person: how far it is unlawful, 338; when it can be permitted, 338.

Killing a fetus: see Abortion, Craniotomy.

Occupation: what it is, 383; conditions required for it, 383; how far tame animals can be occupied, 385; tamed animals, 386; wild animals, 387.

Hatred: what it is, 63; hatred of abomination and of enmity, 63.

Hatred of God: how far it is opposed to hope, 48; to charity, 63 ss.

Hatred of neighbor: how great a sin it is, 100.

Offense: what it is and how it is compensated, 81.

Divine office: what it is, 753; its fruits, 754; its parts, 755; whence its obligation arises, 756; when one neglecting it sins gravely, 757; how far fruits must be restored because of neglected recitation, 758; its form, 759; whether the office of the Virgin Mary, of the dead, etc., must be recited, 761; what office must be recited, 762; how far one sins by changing the office, 763; how it must be recited, 765 ss.; whether it can be recited with a companion, 766; how far it is lawful to interrupt recitation, 770; how far one sins by inverting the order of the hours, 771; at what time the individual parts must be recited, 773; at what hour Matins can be anticipated, 774; what causes excuse from recitation, 775 ss.

Works: which are servile, liberal, common, forensic, 268, 270; what works are prohibited on feast days, 269; how one sins by performing prohibited works, 269; how far judicial actions are prohibited, 271; civil actions, 272; what causes excuse from this prohibition, 273 ss.; whether the reason of avoiding idleness excuses, 274.

Workers: how far they differ from servants, 300; their obligations toward employers, 305; whether they can cease from work by agreement, 306 s.; what the just wage is, 610 s.

Surgical operation: how far we are held to undergo it for preserving life, 326; whether a superior can prescribe it, 326; whether castration is lawful, Porrensis, 328; craniotomy, 340; Caesarean section, 344.

Strike: when it is just, 306; when lawful, 307.

Prayer: what it is, 138; whether attention is required for its essence, 139; of how many kinds, 140; to whom it can be directed, 141; for whom it is to be poured forth, 142; what must be asked, 143; whether it is infallibly heard, 144; its conditions, 145; by what necessity it is required, 146; when its precept obliges, 147.

Order: to be observed among persons to be loved, 73; among goods to be loved, 74; among necessities of the neighbor, 75; between ourselves and the neighbor, 76 ss.; among diverse neighbors, 80; among creditors as regards restitution, 505 ss.

Adornment of women: how far it is sinful, 107.

Flatterer: who he is and how far he is held to restitution, 492.

Parents: their obligations toward children, 293 ss.; whether they are held to give consent to children wishing to enter religion or enter marriage, 290; they are held to procure nourishment for children, 295; instruction, 297; see Schools.

Participant: who he is and how far he is held to restitution, 494; whether it is lawful to participate immediately in an unjust action, 118.

Acceleration of birth: how it differs from abortion, 334; under certain conditions lawful, 342.

The poor: how far they are to be helped in diverse necessities, 91; by whom and how care of the poor is to be exercised, 93.

Money: whether sterile or fruitful, 580; why it must now be called actually fruitful, 580.

Danger of life: remote, proximate, 327; whether it is lawful to expose oneself to danger of life, 327; for saving the neighbor, 77.

Perjury: what it is and of how many kinds, 254; what kind of sin perjury strictly accepted is, 254; broadly accepted, 255.

Pertinacity: required for heresy, 31.

Piety: what it is, 278; its material and formal object, 278; sins against piety, 278.

Fishing: see Hunting.

Fish: what comes under the name of fish in the ecclesiastical sense, 675; on what days flesh meat with fish is prohibited, 678.

Conventional penalty: a fine added to a contract, 539; title of receiving gain from mutuum, 577.

Possession: what it is, 369; of how many kinds, 370; how far it confers a right in the thing possessed, 371; what kind is required for prescribing, 405.

Possessor in good faith: to what he is held as regards another's thing, 437 ss.; as regards fruits, 441; as regards expenses, 442.

Possessor in bad faith: to what he is held as regards another's thing, 443 ss.; as regards fruits, 447; as regards emerging damage and ceasing gain, 448; as regards expenses, 449; if the thing would otherwise have perished with the owner, 445; if the thing had varying value, 446.

Possessor in doubtful faith: to what he is held in the case of a supervening doubt, 451; in the case of an antecedent doubt, 452.

Nominative power: what it is and of how many kinds, 228.

Precept: view of the precepts to be treated in moral theology, 2; particular precepts to be treated, 718.

Prescription: what it is, 399; of how many kinds, 400; how far it is a mode of acquiring ownership, 401; conditions required for it, 402; how far liberative prescription is valid, 407.

Presumption: what it is and of how many kinds, 51; whether sinning because of hope of pardon is presumption, 51; simple and qualified presumption, 52.

Price: what just price is and of how many kinds, 594; how far legal price obliges, 595; of how many kinds common price is and how it is determined, 596; when it is lawful to sell above the highest price and buy below the lowest, 598; how far conventional price is just, 599; whether a precious thing is justly bought for a small price if one or both contracting parties are ignorant of its price, 599.

Rulers: who are so called, 309; their obligations toward the republic, 310; whether they can impose taxes, 315; establish military laws, 319.

Promise: what it is and how far it differs from a proposal, 546; under what conditions it is valid, 546; what obligation it produces, 547; when it ceases, 547.

Broker: who he is, 605; his obligations, 606; whether he can retain what merchants remit from the just price, 606.

Neighbor: who is so called, 71; by how many kinds of charity he can be loved, 71; when he is to be preferred to us, 76.

Rebellion: what it is; it is never lawful, 307.

Receiver: who he is and how far he must make restitution, 493.

Recreation: what recreation is lawful and useful, 66.

Religion: what it is, 131; its material and formal object, 132; it is a moral virtue, 133; its acts, 134; sins contrary to religion, 148 ss.

Things: sacred, 174, 179; spiritual and annexed to a spiritual thing, 184; fungible, non-fungible; consumable by use, non-consumable by use, 366; vacant, abandoned, omitted, uncertain, 382; whose vacant things are, 391; abandoned things, 392; lost things, 393; exposed things as regards thefts, 418.

Passive resistance: what it is, when lawful, when prescribed, 307.

Restitution: what it is, 431; how it differs from satisfaction, 431; its necessity, 432; its obligation, 434 s.; its roots, 436; if someone possesses another's thing in good faith, 437 ss.; in bad faith, 443 ss.; in doubtful faith, 450 ss.; its conditions because of unjust damaging, 454 ss.; whether it urges if someone inculpably placed the cause of damage, 454; if the owner abuses his thing, 454; if someone distributes offices unduly, 454; if someone is the occasion of damage, 456; if someone by bad example impelled another to cause damage, 457; if the action of someone is imputed to another, 457; because of injured spiritual goods, 464; because of homicide, 465; because of duel, 468; because of seduction, 469; because of fornication, 471; because of adultery, 472; because of violated military law, 475; because of defrauded taxes, 476; in solidum, 498; who are held to it, 499; what is to be done in doubt concerning making restitution, 499; concerning the order of restitution, 500 s.; obligation of restitution because of neglected recitation of the divine office, 758; see Confessor, Reputation, Simony.

Circumstances of restitution: to whom restitution is to be made if the owner is known, 502; if unknown, 503; if uncertain, 504; in what order it is to be made by cooperators, 500; in what order it is to be made to creditors, 505 ss.; how it is to be made, 509; at whose expense it is to be made, 510; what if the thing to be restored, committed to a third party, perishes before it reaches the owner, 511; how it is to be made to the fisc or to an insurance society, 512; when it is to be made, 513; what causes excuse from making it, 514; whether entrance into religion excuses from making it, 517.

Mental restriction: what it is and of how many kinds, 639; purely mental restriction is never lawful, 640; broadly mental restriction is lawful from a just cause, 640; whether it is lawful to confirm it by oath, 640.

Defendant: whether he is held to confess a crime, 731; whether he can make known the occult crimes of witnesses, 650, 732; whether he can flee from prison, deceive guards, break prison, 733.

Private revelation: how far denying it is a sin, 32.

Sacrilege: what it is, 174; its species, 175; its malice, 176; how personal sacrilege is committed, 177; local sacrilege, 178; real sacrilege, 179; whether violation of a simple vow is sacrilege, 177.

Sanctification of feasts: see Feast days.

Satisfaction: differs from restitution, 431, 74.

Scandal: what it is, 102; of how many kinds, 103; its malice, 104; whether indirect scandal is opposed to charity alone, 104; whether we can or must omit good works to avoid scandal, 105 s.; whether and how scandal must be repaired, 115.

Schism: what it is; what kind of sin it is, 32.

Schools: how far it is lawful for parents to send children to non-Catholic schools, 298 s.

Secret: what it is and of how many kinds, 666; how far the right of secret is injured, 666; when a natural secret can be manifested, 667; a promised secret, 668; a committed secret, 669; how far it is lawful to use knowledge of a secret, 670; a committed secret obliges more strictly than the others, 669.

Burial of heretics, etc.: whether it is lawful to be present at it, 40, 109; when sacrilege is committed by it, 178.

Ecclesiastical burial: to whom it is interdicted, 350, 717.

Sequestration: what it is, 567; conventional, judicial, 567.

Servitude: what it is and of how many kinds, 362.

Simony: what it is, 181; of how many kinds by reason of matter, by reason of pact, by reason of price, 182; its malice, 183; whether simony of divine law and of ecclesiastical law are of the same species, 183; how simony of divine law is committed, 184 s.; simony of ecclesiastical law, 186; in benefice matter, 188 s.; confidential simony, 190; how far the obligation of restitution arises from simony, 191 ss.; whether it is simony to accept payment for entrance into religion, 199.

Society: what civil society is, its elements, 309; what the contract of partnership is and of how many kinds, 614; how far gains and damages must be divided among partners, 615.

Dreams: their origin, 156; whether it is lawful to believe them and direct oneself by them, 156.

Lots: whether divisory, consultory, and divinatory lots are lawful, 156.

Sortilege: what it is, 157, 163.

Hope: as a virtue, as an act, what it is, 41; certain and uncertain, 42; motive of moral actions, 46; sins against hope, 47 ss.

Object of hope: material, formal, 42.

Necessity of hope: of means and of precept, 44.

Precept of hope: when it obliges, 45.

Habit of hope: when it is lost, 52.

Spiritism: its phenomena, 169; whether its exercise is lawful, 170; whether it is lawful to be present at its exercise, 170.

Wagering: what the contract of wagering is, 619; conditions required for its justice, 620; for its lawfulness, 621; whether it is lawful for him who is certain concerning the event, 620; whether it is valid when made with the intention of not paying, 619.

Obscene statues: how far they are scandal, 108.

Idolatrous statues: whether they can be made or sold, 120.

State of life: what it is, 67, 718; whether we must choose some state, 67; clerical state, 751.

Seduction: how far it induces the obligation of restoring toward the violated woman, 469; toward offspring, 470.

Subjects: see Citizens.

Hereditary succession: of how many kinds, 552; how far it is derived from natural law, 554.

Successor: universal, particular; immediate, mediate, 403.

Vote: obligation of giving a vote to the worthy and denying it to the unworthy, 324 s.; how far he is held to restitution who gave an unjust vote, 491; who abstained from voting, 496.

Superstition: what it is, 148; superstition of false worship, 149; superstition of superfluous worship, 150.

Support of pastors: how far it is prescribed to the faithful, 715; when one sins gravely in this matter, 715.

Turning tables: whether experiment with them is lawful, 167.

Churches of heretics: whether it is lawful to build them, adorn them, contribute money to building them, 122; to enter them, 40.

Temptation of God: what it is and whence it proceeds, 171; of how many kinds, 172; its malice, 173.

Testament: of how many kinds, 560; if the formalities required by law are lacking, whether it is valid for pious causes, 561; for profane causes, 561; whether there is an obligation of making a will, 562; in whose favor it must be made, 562; whether expenses made for studies must be deducted, 562; how far a testament can be revoked, 563.

Witness: how many witnesses are required to prove a cause, 439; whether anyone is spontaneously held to offer himself for testifying, 740; whether one cited is held to appear, 740; when he is excused from giving testimony, 741; to what he is held who gave false testimony, 742.

Treasure: what it is, 389; who its finder is, 389; to whom it belongs, 390.

Fear: what it is, 46; servile, filial, initial, 46; motive of moral actions, 46.

Title: what it is and of how many kinds, 404; what kind is required in prescription, 404.

Tax: what it is and of how many kinds, 314; what is to be done in doubt concerning the justice of a tax, 315; how far tax laws oblige in conscience, 316; how far goods subject to taxes must be declared, 317; see Collector, Defrauder.

Printers: how far they cooperate in sin, 127; what is prescribed to them as regards the publication of books, 706.

Tyrant: who is so called; how far fidelity is to be shown to him, 307.

Usury: what it is and how it differs from interest, 584; it is against justice, 584; prohibited by every law, 585.

Usurper: who he is; how far he must be obeyed, 307.

Use: what it is, 360; what rights it confers, 360.

Usufruct: what it is, 361; what rights it confers, 361.

Wife: her obligations toward her husband, 284; her goods, 376; her rights and obligations as regards the husband's goods or common goods, 378.

Sacred vessels: who can touch them, 180.

Garments: whether it is lawful to use the garments of unbelievers or heretics, 20.

Hunting: how far he sins who hunts (fishes) against civil law or the right of another on another's land, 388 s.

Sale: see Purchase, Broker.

Auction sale: what it is and what price is just in it, 600; whether the seller can send fictitious bidders, 601; whether the buyer can agree with others that they abstain from bidding, 602.

Seller: his obligations, 589 ss.; whether he sins by selling below the lowest price in order to allure buyers, 598; whether he can sell more dearly because of his own peculiar affection toward the thing to be sold or because of the buyer's special necessity, 598; whether it is lawful to buy below the lowest price because of the seller's necessity, 599; what is prescribed to the seller as regards bad books, 707.

Veracity: what it is, its material and formal object, its offices, 634.

Beating: to whom the power of beating belongs, 345.

Vexation of animals: how far and what kind of sin it is, 346.

Popular vengeance: illicit, 331.

Divining rod: how far its use is lawful, 158.

Virtue: how far virtues are to be treated in moral theology, 1; value of theological virtues, 61.

Life: obligation of conserving it, 326; how far it is lawful to shorten it, 327; whether it is lawful to expose it to danger in order to save the neighbor, 77; whether it is lawful to wish death for oneself, 47, 329.

Vocation to the clerical state: of how many kinds it is, 751; whether it is necessary, 751; how far he sins who enters the clerical state without a vocation, 751.

Last wills: what they are, 556; by what law they transfer ownership, 556; by what law they are governed in favor of a pious cause, 556; whether the supreme pontiff or bishop can commute them, 556; what they are, 557 ss.

Vow: what it is, 209; of how many kinds, 210; intention and deliberation required for vowing, 211 s.; whether a vow emitted from error is valid, 213; one emitted from fear, 214; matter required for a vow, 215 ss.; whether a vow from an evil end is valid, 216; a vow of avoiding venial sins, 215; a vow of not marrying, 217; a vow concerning a prescribed thing, 217; what vows are reserved, 238.

Obligation of a vow: what it is, 218; whence it is determined, 219; how far it is personal, 220; whom a vow made by a community obliges, 220; what is the obligation of a conditional vow, 221; of a disjunctive vow, 222; of a doubtful vow, 223; when a vow must be fulfilled, 225; how it must be interpreted, 226; when the obligation of a vow ceases of itself, 227.

Irritation of a vow: what it is and of how many kinds, 228; by whom direct irritation can be done, 229 ss.; by whom indirect, 232.

Dispensation of a vow: what it is, 233; how it differs from irritation, 233; when it can be done validly and lawfully, 234; whether in a vow made for the utility of a third party, 236; by whom it can be done, 237; in reserved vows, 239.

Commutation of a vow: what it is and in how many ways it can be done, 240; by whom it can be done, 241; conditions required for it, 242.