Question XXVI: In whom faith is found

I suppose, that it is in men as wayfarers; and that it has existed in Angels as wayfarers.

It is proved from D. Bonaventure 3. dist. 25. question 2. ad 2. from 11. ad Hebr. He that cometh to God must believe. Without faith it is impossible to please God.

I suppose secondly, that in the blessed faith is evacuated, as is said 1. Cor. 13.; that it nevertheless remains in purgatory, because they are just, and pilgrims away from the Lord.

The question is about damned men and demons.

I assert first, that in demons there is no infused habit of faith. This is so certain that Suarez lib. 8. de Angelis, cap. 6. says it is temerarious to concede to demons the habit of faith. Nearly the same Bannes says question 5. art. 2., but asserting it free from every known view; so assert Hurtado disp. 59. sect. 2., Granado tract. 13. sect. 1., Lugo disp. 17. sect. 1.

The foundation of D. Bonaventure and D. Thomas is, because infused faith is a gift of God, ordered to good works, and to merit and eternal life; but demons, most obstinate, are unfit for merit and eternal life: Therefore. So also Valencia question 5. p. 2.

I assert secondly, that in demons there is a faith of a kind.

It is proved first from S. Bonaventure from that James 2. The devils believe, and tremble. Secondly from the Gloss on the first epistle to the Romans, asserting it. Thirdly from Mark 1., and other places, where demons cry out that Christ is the Son of God. Hence S. Doctor deduces that they know the Trinity; for they also acknowledged it on the way.

It is also doubted of heretics: whether they retain the habit of faith.

It must be asserted, that they do not retain faith.

It is proved from 1. Timothy 1. where heretics are said to have made shipwreck concerning the faith: Some have made shipwreck concerning the faith, of whom are Hymeneus and Alexander.

It is proved also from the Council of Trent sess. 6. cap. 15. Therefore the opposite is erroneous, as Fulient. says lib. 3. cap. 3.; otherwise heretics would be faithful.

The reason is, because there does not remain in them the formal reason of the habit of faith, so as to incline them to believe all things credible, as revealed by the First Truth; for when one article is denied, the First Truth is denied. It is the common opinion of the Theologians 3. dist. 23., and of D. Thomas question 5. art. 3., at Lugo disp. 17. sect. 4. D. Bonaventure art. 2. question 2.

You will ask: Whether the habit of faith is destroyed by heresy physically, or morally.

It is ANSWERED, that it is more probable that it is expelled demeritoriously, just as grace is expelled by sin, as I said prima secunda, tract. 3. disp. 1. question 6. So Scotus, Gabriel, D. Bonaventure and others, at Suarez disp. 7. sect. 4. and tom. 3. in 3. partem, question 63. art. 5. and lib. 11. de gratia, cap. 7. Maldonatus, Lorca, and others at Coninck disp. 18. dub. 4. num. 35.; others at Lugo disp. 17. sect. 4.