Disputation — Bontempi, Palladium Theologicum V · from Schola Thomistica
Disputation II: On the Virtues Joined to Fortitude
Fortitude indeed has no subjective parts, of which it might be predicated as a genus; for it is not divided into many virtues specifically distinct; it is one special virtue about a specific object; it has, however, integral parts according to those things which must concur for the act of fortitude; it has also potential parts, inasmuch as those things which fortitude observes about the most difficult matters, namely, the dangers of death, certain other virtues observe about certain other less arduous things, and these are joined to fortitude.
De Virtutibus, Fortitudini Adiunctis.
Non habet quidem Fortitudo partes subiectivas, de quibus veluti genus praedicetur; non enim dividitur in multas virtutes, specie distinctas; est enim una virtus specialis circa obiectum specificum; habet tamen partes integrales secundum ea, quae necesse est ad actum fortitudinis concurrere; habet etiam potentiales, quatenus ea, quae fortitudo observat circa difficillima, nempe, circa pericula mortis; aliquae aliae virtutes observant circa alia quaedam minus ardua, et hae fortitudini adiunguntur.
The integral parts of Fortitude, moreover, are four: Magnanimity, or confidence, and a certain hope implanted by virtue of surely overcoming the dangers of death. Magnificence, insofar as it signifies the constant execution of those things which one has destined in his mind by prior confidence. Patience, by which the mind is not broken by sorrow under the difficulty of imminent dangers of death. Perseverance, signifying a mind unmoved amid the dangers of death, and enduring in good even to the end. So S. Thomas loc. cit. ex Tullio lib. 2. de Invent.
Partes autem integrales Fortitudinis sunt quatuor, Magnanimitas, seu fiducia, ac spes certa indita virtute superandi pericula mortis. Magnificentia, quatenus significat constantem executionem eorum, quae praevia fiducia animo destinavit. Patientia, qua animus difficultate imminentium mortis periculorum per tristitiam non frangatur. Perseverantia, significans animum inter pericula mortis immobilem, ac in bono usque ad finem durabilem. Ita S. Thom. loc. cit. ex Tullio lib. 2. de Invent.
Within this disputation
- Question I: On magnanimity
- Question II: On the vices opposed to magnanimity
- Question III: On magnificence
- Question IV: On the vices opposed to magnificence
- Question V: On patience
- Question VI: On the vices opposed to patience
- Question VII: On perseverance
- Question VIII: On the vices opposed to perseverance