Question — Bontempi, Palladium Theologicum V · from Schola Thomistica
Question VIII: On fraud
It is defined by St. Bonaventure in Comp. term. Theol. It is a will deceiving the expectation of one's neighbor for earthly gain.
De FRAUDE.
Definitur a D. Bonavent. in Comp. term. Theol. Est voluntas praestitum proximi decipiens ob terrenum emolumentum.
It is divided, 1. p. Coenil. sect. 8. according to the variety of objects; whence habits are known through acts.
Dividitur, 1. p. Coenil. sect. 8. pro varietate obiectorum; unde per actus dignoscuntur habitus.
Fraud is the execution of Craftiness, but precisely through deeds, and also through words (says St. Bonaventure ad 1. Ioan. in the place cited). It is a mortal or venial sin according to the subject matter, as Cajetan notes under the word Fraus, Valencia quaest. 5. puncto 2.
Fraus est executio Astutiae, sed praecise per facta patet, tum etiam verbis, (ait S. Bonav. ad 1. Ioan. loco adducto.) Est autem peccatum mortale, vel veniale pro subiecta materia, ut notat Caietanus verbo Fraus, Valentia quaest. 5. puncto 2.
It therefore differs from deceit in this, that deceit is either through words or through deeds; while this executes craftiness more through deeds, as Tanner notes with St. Bonaventure there.
In hoc igitur differt a dolo, quod dolus sive per verba, sive per facta; haec vero per facta magis astutiam exequitur, ut notat Tannetus cum D. Bonav. ibi.