Question — Bontempi, Palladium Theologicum V · from Schola Thomistica
Question VIII: On the order to be observed by a judge
The S. Doctor places the fruits of INJUSTICE in speculo animae, cap. 2., toward the end: Iniustam sententiam, quae multos fructus reddit, qui sunt Iustitiae perversio, seu delatio ordinis, iuris mutatio, falsum testimonium, iniusta advocatio, litteratum abusio, quae omnia habent rationem mortalis, secundum quod cedunt in proximi nocumentum. These are the words of S. Bonaventura, from which you have that a Iudex is gravely bound to observe the order of the Law.
De ordine a IUDICE servando.
INIUSTITIAE fructus ponit S. Doctor in speculo animae, cap. 2. circa finem, Iniustam sententiam, quae multos fructus reddit, qui sunt Iustitiae perversio, seu delatio ordinis, iuris mutatio, falsum testimonium, iniusta advocatio, litteratum abusio, quae omnia habent rationem mortalis, secundum quod cedunt in proximi nocumentum. Haec S. Bonaventura, ex quibus habes teneri graviter Iudicem servare ordinem Iuris.
FIVE things, however, are required from a Iudice for the form of judgment necessary. The first is the substance of the sentence. The second, the mode of proceeding. The third, the safeguard of the judgment. The fourth is the quality and quantity of the penalty. The fifth, finally, is the execution.
QUINQUE autem requiruntur a Iudice ad formam iudicii necessariam. Primum est substantia sententiae. Secundum, modus procedendi. Tertium, tutela iudicii. Quartum est qualitas, et quantitas poenae. Quintum denique est executio.
As TO the first, he is bound to keep the laws, or, if these be obscure, to follow the opinions of the Doctors, in the ways indicated by me at the beginning of the disputation, quaest. 2. et prima secundae, tract. 2. disp. 17.
QUOAD primum, tenetur servare leges, vel si hae obscurae sint, sequi Doctorum sententias, modis a me initio disputationis indicatis, quaest. 2. et prima secundae, tract. 2. disp. 17.
As TO the mode and order of proceeding, it is threefold. The first is by Denunciation, and it is when officials denounce. The second by Inquisition, when a Iudex proceeds to the inquisition of crimes, as is had in cap. Qualiter, et quando, dist. 2. de accusatore; et cap. licet Heli, de Simonia, where the authores commonly teach after D. Thom. 2. 2. quaest. 67. art. 3. that a Iudex cannot inquire without an Accusator, or without someone who functions in the right of an accuser. The third is by Accusation.
QUOAD modum, et ordinem procedendi, is triplex est. Primus est per Denunciationem, et est quando officiales denunciant. Secundus per Inquisitionem, quando Iudex procedit ad inquisitionem criminum, ut habetur in cap. Qualiter, et quando, dist. 2. de accusatore; et cap. licet Heli, de Simonia, ubi communiter tradunt authores post D. Thom. 2. 2. quaest. 67. art. 3. non posse Iudicem inquirere sine Accusatore, aut sine aliquo, qui iure accusatoris fungitur. Tertius est per Accusationem.